高压电抗器匝间短路三维模型计算与分析
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摘要
为了研究干式空心电抗器匝间短路电流、磁场和电动力随匝间短路故障位置变化的分布规律,基于磁场-电路耦合电磁学理论,建立了外电路约束条件下干式空心电抗器匝间短路故障的三维磁场-电路计算模型。采用有限元法计算正常状态下该模型的电感与各层电流,将计算结果与解析法所得结果、实测数据进行对比,验证了该模型的准确性。建立匝间短路故障模型,精确计算匝间短路电流。研究结果表明:当电抗器发生匝间短路故障时,短路电流较正常电流急剧增加,不同位置的匝间短路故障的短路电流呈现出端部向中心位置、内层向外层增大的趋势;匝间短路故障处的磁场与电动力迅速增大,短路层的磁场与电动力方向发生改变。
In order to study the distribution law of turn-to-turn short circuit current,magnetic field and electrody-namic force varying with the change of turn-to-turn short circuit fault position for dry-type air-core reactor,a three-dimensional magnetic-field-electric calculation model of turn-to-turn short circuit of dry-type air-core reactor under external circuit constraints is built based on the field-circuit coupling electromagnetism theory. The inductance and the current of each layer of the model in normal state are calculated by the finite element method. The calculated results are compared with the results gained by the analytical method and measured data to verify the accuracy of the model. The model of turn-to-turn short circuit fault is built to accurately calculate the turn-to-turn short circuit current. The study results show that when turn-to-turn short circuit fault of reactor occurs,the short circuit current sharply increases compared to the normal current;the short circuit current of turn-to-turn short circuit fault in diffe-rent positions tends to increase from the end to the center and from the inner layer to the outer layer;the magnetic field and electrodynamic force in the position of turn-to-turn short circuit fault increase rapidly,and the directions of magnetic field and electrodynamic force in the short circuit layer changes.
In order to study the distribution law of turn-to-turn short circuit current,magnetic field and electrody-namic force varying with the change of turn-to-turn short circuit fault position for dry-type air-core reactor,a three-dimensional magnetic-field-electric calculation model of turn-to-turn short circuit of dry-type air-core reactor under external circuit constraints is built based on the field-circuit coupling electromagnetism theory. The inductance and the current of each layer of the model in normal state are calculated by the finite element method. The calculated results are compared with the results gained by the analytical method and measured data to verify the accuracy of the model. The model of turn-to-turn short circuit fault is built to accurately calculate the turn-to-turn short circuit current. The study results show that when turn-to-turn short circuit fault of reactor occurs,the short circuit current sharply increases compared to the normal current;the short circuit current of turn-to-turn short circuit fault in diffe-rent positions tends to increase from the end to the center and from the inner layer to the outer layer;the magnetic field and electrodynamic force in the position of turn-to-turn short circuit fault increase rapidly,and the directions of magnetic field and electrodynamic force in the short circuit layer changes.
引文
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[10] 张国兵,张文亮. 特高压交流输电系统中110 kV并联电抗器试验及匝间短路保护问题辨析[J]. 高电压技术,2012,38(2):303-309.ZHANG Guobing,ZHANG Wenliang. Discrimination on test and turn-to-turn short circuit protection of 110 kV shunt reactors in UHVAC transmission systems[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(2):303-309.
[11] 毕大强,王祥珩,王维俭. 基于测量阻抗变化的并联电抗器小匝间短路保护[J]. 电力系统自动化,2005,29(3):57-60.BI Daqiang,WANG Xiangheng,WANG Weijian. Measured impe-dance based on shunt reactor protection against small inter-turn fault[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(3):57-60.
[12] 辛振涛,尹项根,杨经超,等. 基于等效电感的超高压并联电抗器匝间保护新原理[J]. 电力系统自动化,2004,28(10):73-75.XIN Zhentao,YIN Xianggen,YANG Jingchao,et al. A new principle of the parallel connection reactor inter-turn protection based on an equivalent inductance[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(10):73-75.
[13] 张芬芬,郑涛,刘连光. TCT式并联电抗器控制绕组匝间故障保护方案[J]. 电力自动化设备,2017,37(7):135-141.ZHANG Fenfen,ZHEGN Tao,LIU Lianguang. Protection schemes for control winding inter-turn faults of TCT-type shunt reactor[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(7):135-141.
[14] 张俊杰,刘兰荣,刘东升,等. 用场路耦合模拟变压器线圈部分短路故障电流的方法[J]. 电工技术学报,2015,30(20):65-70.ZHANG Junjie,LIU Lanrong,LIU Dongsheng,et al. A method of si-mulating the fault current using field-circuit coupling for partially short-circuited transformer winding[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(20):65-70.
[15] NAKATA T,TAKAHASHI N. Direct finite element analysis of flux and current distributions under specified conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1982,18(2):325-330.
[16] 向裕民. 平行共轴载流圆线圈间的磁力计算[J]. 重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1997,20(6):49-52.XIANG Yuming. Calculation of magnetic force between two parallel coaxial circular coils carrying currents[J]. Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),1997,20(6):49-52.
[17] 曾令宏,张之翔. 圆环电流的磁场以及两共轴圆环电流之间的相互作用力[J]. 大学物理,2002,21(9):14-16,41.ZENG Linghong,ZHANG Zhixiang. The magnetic field of a circular current loop and the interaction between two circular current loops[J]. College Physics,2002,21(9):14-16,41.
[18] 刘宝稳,马宏忠,李凯,等. 大型变压器绕组轴向固有频率振动分布特性与实验分析[J]. 高电压技术,2016,42(7):2329-2337. LIU Baowen,MA Hongzhong,LI Kai,et al. Distribution characteristics and experimental analysis of natural frequency vibration of large transformer winding[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2329-2337.
[19] 潘超,王梦纯,蔡国伟,等. 变压器直流偏磁场路耦合计算中的磁化曲线拟合[J]. 电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):49-52.PAN Chao,WANG Mengchun,CAI Guowei,et al. Magnetization cur-ve fitting in field-circuit coupling computation for DC-biased trans- former[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(4):49-52.
[20] 吴海涛,吕志宁,张浩,等. 并联电抗器运行异常分析及处理[J]. 电力自动化设备,2001,21(8):67-69.WU Haitao,Lü Zhining,ZHANG Hao,et al. Research on the abnormality of parallel connective reactor[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2001,21(8):67-69.
[2] 杜华珠,文习山,鲁海亮,等. 35 kV三相空心电抗器组的磁场分布[J]. 高电压技术,2012,38(11):2858-2862.DU Huazhu,WEN Xishan,LU Hailiang,et al. Magnetic field distribution around 35 kV three-phase air-core reactors[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(11):2858-2862.
[3] 赵文清,王强,牛东晓. 基于贝叶斯网络的电抗器健康诊断[J]. 电力自动化设备,2013,33(1):40-43.ZHAO Wenqing,WANG Qiang,NIU Dongxiao. Reactor health diag-nosis based on Bayesian network[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(1):40-43.
[4] 杜建华,范玉辉. 干式空芯电抗器在铁路供电系统中的应用[J]. 电力自动化设备,1999,19(1):49.DU Jianhua,FAN Yuhui. Application of dry-type air-core reactor in railway power supply system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,1999,19(1):49.
[5] 夏长根. 一起35 kV干式并联空心电抗器故障分析[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿,2009,30(5):43-45.XIA Changgen. Analysis of fault of a 35 kV dry-type air-core shunt reactor[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation,2009,30(5):43-45.
[6] 陈超强,文习山,张孝军,等. 空芯电抗器磁场对周围设施影响的测试研究[J]. 高电压技术,2001,27(3):19-26.CHEN Chaoqiang,WEN Xishan,ZHANG Xiaojun,et al. Study and measurement on the influence of magnetic field of dry-type air-core reactor on adjacent metal loop and communication apparatus[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(3):19-26.
[7] 廖敏夫,程显,翟云飞. 干式空心电抗器脉冲振荡匝间绝缘检测系统的仿真与试验[J]. 高电压技术,2011,37(6):1343-1348.LIAO Minfu,CHENG Xian,ZHAI Yunfei. Simulation and experiment on impulse oscillating turn-to-turn insulation test system of dry-type air core reactor[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(6):1343-1348.
[8] 江少成,戴瑞海,夏晓波,等. 干式空心电抗器匝间绝缘检测原理及试验分析[J]. 高压电器,2011,47(6):67-71.JIANG Shaocheng,DAI Ruihai,XIA Xiaobo,et al. Principle and ana-lysis on inter-turn insulation detection of dry-type air-core reactor[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(6):67-71.
[9] 骆晓龙,张良,王永红,等. 干式空心电抗器匝间绝缘试验方法有效性分析[J]. 哈尔滨理工大学学报,2014,19(1):74-78.LUO Xiaolong,ZHANG Liang,WANG Yonghong,et al. Analysis of the effectiveness of turn-to-turn insulation test methods for dry-type air-core reactors[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology,2014,19(1):74-78.
[10] 张国兵,张文亮. 特高压交流输电系统中110 kV并联电抗器试验及匝间短路保护问题辨析[J]. 高电压技术,2012,38(2):303-309.ZHANG Guobing,ZHANG Wenliang. Discrimination on test and turn-to-turn short circuit protection of 110 kV shunt reactors in UHVAC transmission systems[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(2):303-309.
[11] 毕大强,王祥珩,王维俭. 基于测量阻抗变化的并联电抗器小匝间短路保护[J]. 电力系统自动化,2005,29(3):57-60.BI Daqiang,WANG Xiangheng,WANG Weijian. Measured impe-dance based on shunt reactor protection against small inter-turn fault[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(3):57-60.
[12] 辛振涛,尹项根,杨经超,等. 基于等效电感的超高压并联电抗器匝间保护新原理[J]. 电力系统自动化,2004,28(10):73-75.XIN Zhentao,YIN Xianggen,YANG Jingchao,et al. A new principle of the parallel connection reactor inter-turn protection based on an equivalent inductance[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(10):73-75.
[13] 张芬芬,郑涛,刘连光. TCT式并联电抗器控制绕组匝间故障保护方案[J]. 电力自动化设备,2017,37(7):135-141.ZHANG Fenfen,ZHEGN Tao,LIU Lianguang. Protection schemes for control winding inter-turn faults of TCT-type shunt reactor[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(7):135-141.
[14] 张俊杰,刘兰荣,刘东升,等. 用场路耦合模拟变压器线圈部分短路故障电流的方法[J]. 电工技术学报,2015,30(20):65-70.ZHANG Junjie,LIU Lanrong,LIU Dongsheng,et al. A method of si-mulating the fault current using field-circuit coupling for partially short-circuited transformer winding[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(20):65-70.
[15] NAKATA T,TAKAHASHI N. Direct finite element analysis of flux and current distributions under specified conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1982,18(2):325-330.
[16] 向裕民. 平行共轴载流圆线圈间的磁力计算[J]. 重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1997,20(6):49-52.XIANG Yuming. Calculation of magnetic force between two parallel coaxial circular coils carrying currents[J]. Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition),1997,20(6):49-52.
[17] 曾令宏,张之翔. 圆环电流的磁场以及两共轴圆环电流之间的相互作用力[J]. 大学物理,2002,21(9):14-16,41.ZENG Linghong,ZHANG Zhixiang. The magnetic field of a circular current loop and the interaction between two circular current loops[J]. College Physics,2002,21(9):14-16,41.
[18] 刘宝稳,马宏忠,李凯,等. 大型变压器绕组轴向固有频率振动分布特性与实验分析[J]. 高电压技术,2016,42(7):2329-2337. LIU Baowen,MA Hongzhong,LI Kai,et al. Distribution characteristics and experimental analysis of natural frequency vibration of large transformer winding[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2329-2337.
[19] 潘超,王梦纯,蔡国伟,等. 变压器直流偏磁场路耦合计算中的磁化曲线拟合[J]. 电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):49-52.PAN Chao,WANG Mengchun,CAI Guowei,et al. Magnetization cur-ve fitting in field-circuit coupling computation for DC-biased trans- former[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(4):49-52.
[20] 吴海涛,吕志宁,张浩,等. 并联电抗器运行异常分析及处理[J]. 电力自动化设备,2001,21(8):67-69.WU Haitao,Lü Zhining,ZHANG Hao,et al. Research on the abnormality of parallel connective reactor[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2001,21(8):67-69.