一种新型虚拟直流电机控制技术
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摘要
为解决新能源发电与负荷的随机波动引起的直流母线以及负荷侧直流电压的波动,提出一种虚拟直流电机控制技术。针对直流母线侧与负荷侧将虚拟直流电机控制技术分为虚拟直流发电机(virtual direct current generator,VDG)技术与虚拟直流电动机(virtual direct current motor,VDM)技术。虚拟直流电机控制技术将直流电机的机械方程与电动势平衡方程应用到控制算法当中,模拟直流电机的惯量特性与阻尼特性,使得在新能源发电波动以及负荷突变时直流母线电压与负荷侧电压仍能保持稳定。建立虚拟直流电机控制的小信号模型,分析系统的稳定性。为有效应对负载突变时直流母线电压跌落的问题,将扩张状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)引入至虚拟直流发电机控制中。在PSCAD/EMTDC环境下进行仿真研究,仿真结果证明所提控制方法的正确性和有效性。该文所提控制方法为解决新能源与负荷随机波动所造成的电压波动问题提供了新的思路。
In order to solve the DC voltage fluctuation of DC bus and load side caused by random fluctuation of new energy generation and load, a virtual DC motor control technology was proposed in this paper, which was divided into virtual direct current generator technology and virtual direct current motor technology for DC bus side and load side,respectively. Virtual DC motor control technology applies the mechanical equation and electromotive force balance equation of DC motor to the control algorithm. By simulating the inertia and damping characteristics of DC motor, the DC bus voltage and load side voltage can remain stable when the new energy generation fluctuates and the load changes. A small signal model of virtual DC motor control was established. The stability of the system was analyzed. In order to effectively cope with the drop of DC bus voltage in load mutation, the extended state observer was introduced into the control of virtual DC generator. The simulation research was carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results prove that the proposed control method is correct and effective. The proposed control method provides a new way to solve the voltage fluctuation caused by the random fluctuation of new energy and load.
In order to solve the DC voltage fluctuation of DC bus and load side caused by random fluctuation of new energy generation and load, a virtual DC motor control technology was proposed in this paper, which was divided into virtual direct current generator technology and virtual direct current motor technology for DC bus side and load side,respectively. Virtual DC motor control technology applies the mechanical equation and electromotive force balance equation of DC motor to the control algorithm. By simulating the inertia and damping characteristics of DC motor, the DC bus voltage and load side voltage can remain stable when the new energy generation fluctuates and the load changes. A small signal model of virtual DC motor control was established. The stability of the system was analyzed. In order to effectively cope with the drop of DC bus voltage in load mutation, the extended state observer was introduced into the control of virtual DC generator. The simulation research was carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results prove that the proposed control method is correct and effective. The proposed control method provides a new way to solve the voltage fluctuation caused by the random fluctuation of new energy and load.
引文
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[11]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.Yang Xinfa,Su Jian,LüZhipeng,et al.Overview on micro-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(in Chinese).
[12]张丹,王杰,弥潇.直流微电网自适应滑模控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(12):138-143,217.Zhang Dan,Wang Jie,Mi Xiao.Adaptive sliding mode control strategy for DC microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(12):138-143,217(in Chinese).
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[14]张辉,杨甲甲,支娜,等.基于无源阻尼的直流微电网稳定性分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3100-3109.Zhang Hui,Yang Jiajia,Zhi Na,et al.Stability analysis of DC microgrid based on the passive damping method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):3100-3109(in Chinese).
[15]伍文华,陈燕东,罗安,等.一种直流微网双向并网变换器虚拟惯性控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):360-371.Wu Wenhua,Chen Yandong,Luo An,et al.A virtual inertial control strategy for bidirectional grid-connected converters in DC micro-grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):360-371(in Chinese).
[16]吕志鹏,罗安,蒋雯倩,等.多逆变器环境微网环流控制新方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(1):40-47.Lv Zhipeng,Luo An,Jiang Wenqian,et al.New circulation control method for micro-grid with multi-inverter micro-sources[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(1):40-47(in Chinese).
[17]吕志鹏,苏剑,李蕊,等.不同功率等级微源逆变器并联控制新方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(7):191-198.Lv Zhipeng,Su Jian,Li Rui,et al.New power control strategy on paralleled micro-source inverters with different power levels[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(7):191-198(in Chinese).
[18]吕志鹏,刘海涛,苏剑,等.可改善微网电压调整的容性等效输出阻抗逆变器[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(9):1-9.LüZhipeng,Liu Haitao,Su Jian,et al.Micro-source inverters with capacitive equivalent output impedance for improving micro-grid voltages[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(9):1-9(in Chinese).
[19]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):349-359.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359(in Chinese).
[20]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[21]吕志鹏.虚拟同步机技术构建“源-网-荷”友好互动新模式[J].供用电,2017(2):27,32-34LüZhipeng.New pattern of source-grid-load friendly interaction based on virtual synchronous machine technology[J].Distributon&Utilization,2017(2):27,32-34(in Chinese).
[22]Shintai T,Miura Y,Ise T.Oscillation damping of a distributed generator using a virtual synchronous generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):668-676.
[23]黄頔,樊绍胜,吕志鹏,等.负荷用直流变换器的虚拟直流发电机控制策略研究[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(4):32-36,42.Huang Di,Fan Shaosheng,LüZhipeng,et al.Virtual DCgenerator control strategy for load DC-DC converter[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(4):32-36,42(in Chinese).
[24]盛万兴,刘海涛,曾正,等.一种基于虚拟电机控制的能量路由器[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3541-3550.Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,Zeng Zheng,et al.An energy hub based on virtual-machine control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3541-3550(in Chinese).
[25]张辉,谭树成,肖曦,等.具有直流电机特性的储能接口变换器控制策略[J].高压电技术,2018,44(1):119-125.Zhang Hui,Tan Shucheng,Xiao Xi,et al.Control strategy of energy storage converter with DC machine characteristics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(1):119-125(in Chinese).
[26]张辉,张凯涛,肖曦,等.模拟直流发电机特性的储能变换器控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(20):126-132.Zhang Hui,Zhang Kaitao,Xiao Xi,et al.Control strategy of energy storage converter for simulating DC generator characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(20):126-132(in Chinese).
[27]韩京清.自抗扰控制技术--估计补偿不确定因素的控制技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2013.Han Jingqing.Active disturbance rejection control technique-the technique for estimating and compensating the uncertainties[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2013(in Chinese).
[2]Huang A Q,Crow M L,Heydt G T,et al.The future renewable electric energy delivery and management(FREED M)system:The energy internet[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(1):133-148.
[3]Bifaretti S,Zanchetta P,Watson A,et al.Advanced power electronic conversion and control system for universal and flexible power management[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2011,2(2):231-243.
[4]朱永强,贾利虎,蔡冰倩,等.交直流混合微电网拓扑与基本控制策略综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):2756-2767.Zhu Yongqiang,Jia Lihu,Cai Bingqian,et al.Overview on topologies and basic control strategies for hybrid AC/DC microgrid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):2756-2767(in Chinese).
[5]张永明,丁宝,傅卫东,等.基于直流配电与直流微网的电气节能研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(S1):389-397.Zhang Yongming,Ding Bao,Fu Weidong,et al.Electrical energy conservation based on DC distribution and DCmicrogrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(S1):389-397(in Chinese).
[6]Geidl M,Koeppel G,Favre-Perrod P,et al.Energy hubs for the future[J].IEEE Power&Energy Magazine,2007,5(1):24-30.
[7]Schulze M,Friedrich L,Gautschi M.Modeling and optimization of renewables:Applying the energy hub approach[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies.Singapore:IEEE,2008:83-88.
[8]王盼宝,王卫,孟尼娜,等.直流微电网离网与并网运行统一控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(17):4388-4396.Wang Panbao,Wang Wei,Meng Nina,et al.Unified control strategy of islanding and grid-connected operations for DC microgrid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(17):4388-4396(in Chinese).
[9]Shamsi P,Fahimi B.Stability assessment of a DCdistribution network in a hybrid micro-grid application[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(5):2527-2534.
[10]Zhong Q C,Hornik T.Control of power inverters in renewable energy and smart grid integration[M].New York:Wiley-IEEE Press,2012.
[11]杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,等.微电网技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70.Yang Xinfa,Su Jian,LüZhipeng,et al.Overview on micro-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(in Chinese).
[12]张丹,王杰,弥潇.直流微电网自适应滑模控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(12):138-143,217.Zhang Dan,Wang Jie,Mi Xiao.Adaptive sliding mode control strategy for DC microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(12):138-143,217(in Chinese).
[13]李培强,董彦婷,段克会,等.直流微电网双向AC/DC变换器并联系统控制策略仿真研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(17):43-50.Li Peiqiang,Dong Yanting,Duan Kehui,et al.Simulation study for control strategy of bi-directional AC/DCconverter parallel system in DC microgrid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(17):43-50(in Chinese).
[14]张辉,杨甲甲,支娜,等.基于无源阻尼的直流微电网稳定性分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3100-3109.Zhang Hui,Yang Jiajia,Zhi Na,et al.Stability analysis of DC microgrid based on the passive damping method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):3100-3109(in Chinese).
[15]伍文华,陈燕东,罗安,等.一种直流微网双向并网变换器虚拟惯性控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):360-371.Wu Wenhua,Chen Yandong,Luo An,et al.A virtual inertial control strategy for bidirectional grid-connected converters in DC micro-grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):360-371(in Chinese).
[16]吕志鹏,罗安,蒋雯倩,等.多逆变器环境微网环流控制新方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(1):40-47.Lv Zhipeng,Luo An,Jiang Wenqian,et al.New circulation control method for micro-grid with multi-inverter micro-sources[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(1):40-47(in Chinese).
[17]吕志鹏,苏剑,李蕊,等.不同功率等级微源逆变器并联控制新方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(7):191-198.Lv Zhipeng,Su Jian,Li Rui,et al.New power control strategy on paralleled micro-source inverters with different power levels[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(7):191-198(in Chinese).
[18]吕志鹏,刘海涛,苏剑,等.可改善微网电压调整的容性等效输出阻抗逆变器[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(9):1-9.LüZhipeng,Liu Haitao,Su Jian,et al.Micro-source inverters with capacitive equivalent output impedance for improving micro-grid voltages[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(9):1-9(in Chinese).
[19]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):349-359.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359(in Chinese).
[20]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[21]吕志鹏.虚拟同步机技术构建“源-网-荷”友好互动新模式[J].供用电,2017(2):27,32-34LüZhipeng.New pattern of source-grid-load friendly interaction based on virtual synchronous machine technology[J].Distributon&Utilization,2017(2):27,32-34(in Chinese).
[22]Shintai T,Miura Y,Ise T.Oscillation damping of a distributed generator using a virtual synchronous generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):668-676.
[23]黄頔,樊绍胜,吕志鹏,等.负荷用直流变换器的虚拟直流发电机控制策略研究[J].电力科学与工程,2015,31(4):32-36,42.Huang Di,Fan Shaosheng,LüZhipeng,et al.Virtual DCgenerator control strategy for load DC-DC converter[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2015,31(4):32-36,42(in Chinese).
[24]盛万兴,刘海涛,曾正,等.一种基于虚拟电机控制的能量路由器[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(14):3541-3550.Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,Zeng Zheng,et al.An energy hub based on virtual-machine control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(14):3541-3550(in Chinese).
[25]张辉,谭树成,肖曦,等.具有直流电机特性的储能接口变换器控制策略[J].高压电技术,2018,44(1):119-125.Zhang Hui,Tan Shucheng,Xiao Xi,et al.Control strategy of energy storage converter with DC machine characteristics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(1):119-125(in Chinese).
[26]张辉,张凯涛,肖曦,等.模拟直流发电机特性的储能变换器控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(20):126-132.Zhang Hui,Zhang Kaitao,Xiao Xi,et al.Control strategy of energy storage converter for simulating DC generator characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(20):126-132(in Chinese).
[27]韩京清.自抗扰控制技术--估计补偿不确定因素的控制技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2013.Han Jingqing.Active disturbance rejection control technique-the technique for estimating and compensating the uncertainties[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2013(in Chinese).
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