寒冷地区建筑双层光伏外窗的采光与节能特性研究
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摘要
本文针对寒冷地区双层光伏外窗建筑,采用Daysim和EnergyPlus软件耦合模拟研究了光伏电池覆盖率、安装朝向以及窗墙比等关键设计参数对建筑室内采光质量和综合能耗的影响。首先,对典型气象条件下双层光伏外窗建筑室内工作面水平照度值进行了实测,并采用实验数据验证了Daysim软件采光模拟模型的可靠性;其次,结合常见采光评价参数对眩光问题考虑的不足,提出了N-Daylit区域室内面积占比指标以评价室内天然采光质量;在此基础上,从改善室内采光质量和降低建筑综合能耗的角度出发,对双层光伏外窗的光伏电池覆盖率、朝向及窗墙比等关键设计参数进行了优化研究。结果显示,当双层光伏外窗建筑应用于北方寒冷地区办公建筑时,采用南向或者东南向安装、40%的光伏电池覆盖率和30%的建筑窗墙比,可以在保证良好采光质量的前提下最大化外窗的节能潜力。
The present study investigated the influence of several key design parameters, including the Photovoltaic cell coverage ratio and the orientation and the window to wall ratio, on the daylighting and energy-saving performance of buildings located in cold regions of China and installed with double-skin Photovoltaic facades(STPV), for which a comprehensive simulation method coupled with the software of Daysim and EnergyPlus was applied. Firstly, the daylighting simulation model in Daysim was experimentally validated; Secondly, a novel daylight model named "the ratio of N-Daylit area" was proposed to evaluate the dynamic daylighting variations of the space, with the consideration of glare phenomena; On such basis, the three design parameters of STPV were optimized. The simulation results indicated that when installing the STPV in buildings located at cold regions of China, it was recommended to adopt south or southeast directions of installation with a PV cell coverage ratio of 40% and a Window-to-Wall ratio of 30%, in order to realize satisfactory daylighting quality and energy performance simultaneously.
The present study investigated the influence of several key design parameters, including the Photovoltaic cell coverage ratio and the orientation and the window to wall ratio, on the daylighting and energy-saving performance of buildings located in cold regions of China and installed with double-skin Photovoltaic facades(STPV), for which a comprehensive simulation method coupled with the software of Daysim and EnergyPlus was applied. Firstly, the daylighting simulation model in Daysim was experimentally validated; Secondly, a novel daylight model named "the ratio of N-Daylit area" was proposed to evaluate the dynamic daylighting variations of the space, with the consideration of glare phenomena; On such basis, the three design parameters of STPV were optimized. The simulation results indicated that when installing the STPV in buildings located at cold regions of China, it was recommended to adopt south or southeast directions of installation with a PV cell coverage ratio of 40% and a Window-to-Wall ratio of 30%, in order to realize satisfactory daylighting quality and energy performance simultaneously.
引文
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[22] 张立超.基于动态采光评价的办公空间侧向采光研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013
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[2] Peng C,Huang Y,Wu Z.Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in architectural design in China[J].Energy & Buildings 2011,43(12):3592-3598
[3] H.M.Taleb,A.C.Pitts.The potential to exploit use of building-integrated photovoltaics in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council[J].Renewable Energy,2009,34(4):1092-1099
[4] Fung T Y Y,Yang H.Study on thermal performance of semi-transparent building integrated photovoltaic glazings[J].Energy & Buildings,2008,40(3):341-350
[5] Radhi H.Energy analysis of fa?ade-integrated photovoltaic systems applied to UAE commercial buildings[J].Solar Energy,2010,84(12):2009-2021
[6] Wong P W,Shimoda Y,Nonaka M,et al.Semi-transparent PV:Thermal performance,power generation,daylight modelling and energy saving potential in a residential application[J].Renewable Energy,2008,33(5):1024-1036
[7] Didoné E L,Wagner A.Semi-transparent PV windows:A study for office buildings in Brazil[J].Energy & Buildings,2013,67(4):136-142
[8] Miyazaki T,Akisawa A,Kashiwagi T,et al.Energy savings of office buildings by the use of semi-transparent solar cells for windows[J].Renewable Energy,2005,30(3):281-304
[9] Kapsis K,Athienitis A K.A study of the potential benefits of semi-transparent photovoltaics in commercial buildings [J].Solar Energy,2015,115:120-132
[10] Peng Jinqing,Curcija Dragan C.,Lu Lin,et al.Numerical investigation of the energy saving potential of a semi-transparent photovoltaic double-skin facade in a cool-summer Mediterranean climate [J].Applied Energy,2016,165:345-356
[11] Peng Jinqing,Lu Lin,Yang Hongxing,et al.Comparative study of the thermal and power performances of a semi-transparent photovoltaic facade under different ventilation modes [J].Applied Energy,2015,138:572-583
[12] Vartiainen E,Peippo K,Lund P.Daylight optimization of multifunctional solar facades [J].Solar Energy,2000,68(3):223-235
[13] Kapsis K,Dermardiros V,Athienitis A K.Daylight Performance of Perimeter Office Fa?ades utilizing Semi-transparent Photovoltaic Windows:A Simulation Study [J].Energy Procedia,2015,78:334-339
[14] 李卓,王立雄,张华.光伏玻璃应用于办公空间的天然光环境研究——以天津地区为例[J].照明工程学报,2015,(1):23-28
[15] 黄启明.寒冷地区双层光伏通风窗热光性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014
[16] Zhang W,Lu L,Peng J,et al.Comparison of the overall energy performance of semitransparent photovoltaic windows and common energy-efficient windows in Hong Kong[J].Energy & Buildings,2016,128:511-518
[17] 陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,1993
[18] 浙江省建筑设计研究院.JGJ 67—2006 办公建筑设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[19] 中国建筑科学研究院.GB 50033—2013 建筑采光设计标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013
[20] 吴蔚,刘坤鹏.浅析可取代采光系数的新天然采光评价参数[J].照明工程学报,2012,23(2):1-7
[21] Reinhart C F,Mardaljevic J,Rogers Z.Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design[J].Leukos,2006,3(1):7-31
[22] 张立超.基于动态采光评价的办公空间侧向采光研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013
[23] Nabil A,Mardaljevic J.Useful daylight illuminances:A replacement for daylight factors[J].Energy & Buildings,2006,38(7):905-910