射电望远镜相控阵馈源技术
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摘要
相位阵馈源是作为多波束馈源使用的小型二维相控阵天线,用以产生多个紧密交叠的波束,扩大射电望远镜的视场,提高巡天效率.文章分析了焦面场匹配与天线效率之间的联系,在单波束和多波束应用方面对相控阵馈源与传统的波导馈源进行了细致的比较,并介绍了相控阵馈源馈电的射电望远镜信噪比模型.作为一种新的馈源技术,相控阵馈源展现出更大的灵活性和更为优异的性能.
Phased array feed(PAF)is a small two-dimensional phased array antenna as the multi-beam feed.The most prominent merit of PAF is the capability of synthesizing closely overlapped beams,leading to continuous field-of-view coverage and faster survey speed.In this paper,the relationship between focal field matching and antenna efficiency is analyzed,radiation performance both in single-pixel and multi-beam applications are compared between PAF and waveguide feeds,and the SNR model of phased array fed radio telescope is introduced.As an emerging feed technology,PAF exhibits more flexibility and better performance.
Phased array feed(PAF)is a small two-dimensional phased array antenna as the multi-beam feed.The most prominent merit of PAF is the capability of synthesizing closely overlapped beams,leading to continuous field-of-view coverage and faster survey speed.In this paper,the relationship between focal field matching and antenna efficiency is analyzed,radiation performance both in single-pixel and multi-beam applications are compared between PAF and waveguide feeds,and the SNR model of phased array fed radio telescope is introduced.As an emerging feed technology,PAF exhibits more flexibility and better performance.
引文
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[2]杨可忠.现代面天线新技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1993:14-19.
[3]VAN CAPPELLEN W A,BAKKER L,OOSTERLOOT A.APERTIF:Phased array feeds for the westerborksynthesis radio telescope[C]//IEEE InternationalSymposium on Phased Array System and Technology(Array).Boston,2010:640-647.
[4]CHIPPENDALE A,SCHINCKEL A.ASKAP:Pro-gress towards 36parabolic reflectors with phased ar-ray feeds[C]//General Assembly and Scientific Sym-posium.Istanbul,August 13-20,2011.
[5]VEIDT B,HOVEY G J,BURGESS T,et al.Demon-stration of a dual-polarized phased-array feed[J].IEEETransactions on Antennas and Propagation,2011,59(6):2047-2057.
[6]WARNICK K F,CARTER D,WEBB T,et al.Towardsa high sensitivity cryogenic phased array feed antennafor the Green Bank Telescope[C]//General Assemblyand Scientific Symposium.Istanbul,August 13-20,2011.
[7]WANG Yan,ZHENG Yuliang,FENG Zhenghe,et al.Focal field analysis of very large approximated parabol-ic multibeam reflector[C]//4th International Confer-ence on Microwave and Millimeter Wave TechnologyProceedings,August 18-21,2004:211-214.
[8]吕善伟,吴东梅,王伟,等.射电天文望远镜的焦面阵设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(3):341-344.LShanwei,WU Dongmei,WANG Wei,et al.Designof focal plane array of radio telescope[J].Journal ofBeijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007,33(3):341-344.(in Chinese)
[9]张浩斌,马凯学,郭陈江,等.任意多边形导体板的高频散射分析[J].电波科学学报,2003,18(1):53-56.ZHANG Haobin,MA Kaixue,GUO Chenjiang,et al.High-frequency scattering analysis of arbitrary shapeconductor plate[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2003,18(1):53-56.(in Chinese)
[10]伍洋,杨可忠.偏轴卡塞格伦天线的二次赋形[J].电波科学学报,2010,25(5):899-904.WU Yang,YANG Kezhong.Design for re-shapedCassegrain antenna with offset feeds[J].ChineseJournal of Radio Science,2010,25(5):899-904.(inChinese)
[11]NAN R D,LI D,JIN C J,et al.The five-hundred-me-ter aperture spherical radio telescope(FAST)project[J].International Journal of Modern Physics D,2011,20:989-1024.
[12]KILDAL P S,JOHANSSON M,HAGFORS T,et al.Analysis of a cluster feed for the Arecibo trireflectorsystem using forward ray tracing and aperture inte-gration[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation,1993,41(8):1019-1025.
[13]克里斯琴森.射电望远镜[M].陈建生,译.北京:科学出版社,1977:187-194.
[14]李建斌,彭勃,孙建民,等.射电天文站电磁环境测量方法及分析[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(3):523-528.LI Jianbin,PENG Bo,SUN Jianmin,et al.Measure-ment method and analysis of electromagnetic environ-ment in radio astronomic observatories[J].ChineseJournal of Radio Science,2009,24(3):523-528.(inChinese)
[15]JEFFS B D,WARNICK K F,LANDON J,et al.Sig-nal processing for phased array feed in radio anstron-my[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Pro-cessing,2008,2(5):635-646.