五百米口径球面射电望远镜的相控阵馈源设计
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摘要
相控阵天线作为射电望远镜的馈源时可以扩大射电望远镜的视场,提高天空扫描速度和系统灵敏度.分析了相控阵馈源的阵列排布形式、阵列规模、阵元间距等参数对灵敏度的影响,并给出了设计一般相控阵馈源的基本方法.针对五百米口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope,FAST)的系统要求设计了一种工作在L波段的宽带双极化微带偶极子相控阵馈源.相控阵系统采用制冷放大器时所设计的馈源满足FAST系统性能指标.加工并测试了单个阵元的结果,与采用HFSS软件仿真的结果相当吻合,验证了所设计馈源的可行性.
Using phased array as the feed of a radio telescope can effectively expand the field of view of radio telescope,and improve the scanning speed and system sensitivity.After analyzing the impact of the parameters of phased array feed including array configuration,array size,element spacing and other factors on the radio telescope of sensitivity,we gave a basic method to design general phased array feed.We designed a microstrip dipole phased array feed(PAF)based on the system requirements of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(FAST).The PAF with broadband and dual polarized microstrip dipole operates in the L band and is implemented using cryo low noise amplifier(LNA)matches to fit the FAST system.The tested results of a single machined element show good correlation with the HFSS model simulation results,which verifies the feasibility of the designed PAF.
Using phased array as the feed of a radio telescope can effectively expand the field of view of radio telescope,and improve the scanning speed and system sensitivity.After analyzing the impact of the parameters of phased array feed including array configuration,array size,element spacing and other factors on the radio telescope of sensitivity,we gave a basic method to design general phased array feed.We designed a microstrip dipole phased array feed(PAF)based on the system requirements of Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(FAST).The PAF with broadband and dual polarized microstrip dipole operates in the L band and is implemented using cryo low noise amplifier(LNA)matches to fit the FAST system.The tested results of a single machined element show good correlation with the HFSS model simulation results,which verifies the feasibility of the designed PAF.
引文
[1]WARNICK K F,JEFFS B D,DIAO J,et al.Experimental tests and signal processing for a cryogenic lband phased array feed on the green bank telescope[C]//2014International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications(ICEAA).Palm Beach,2014:339-340.
[2]FISHER J R,BRADLEY R F.Full sampling focal plane arrays[J].Imaging at radio through submillimeter wavelenths ASP conference proceedings,2000,217:11-18.
[3]NAGEL J R,WARNICK K F,JEFFS B D,et al.Experimental verification of RFI mitigation with a focal plane array feed[J].Radio science,2007,42(6):1-8.
[4]WARNICK K F,JEFFS B D,FISHER J R,et al.Beamforming and imaging with the BYU/-NRAO Lband 19-element phased array feed[C]//13th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and the Canadian Radio Science Meeting.Banff,Feburary 15-18,2009:1-4.
[5]ROSHI D A,WARNICK K F,BRANDT J,et al.Towards the development of high-sensitivity cryogenic phased array feed[C]//2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium.Beijing,August16-23,2014:1-4.
[6]VEIDT B,BURGESS T,MESSING R,et al.The DRAO phased array feed demonstrator:recent results[C]//13th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and the Canadian Radio Sciences Meeting,2009,1-4.
[7]CAPPELLEN W A,VAATE J G.Status update on APERTIF,phased array feeds for the Westerbork Radio Telescope[C]//2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium.Beijing,2014:16-23.
[8]BROWN A J,HAMPSON G A,ROBERTS P,et al.Design and implementation of the 2nd generation ASKAP digital receiver system[C]//2014International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications(ICEAA).Palm Beach,2014:268-271.
[9]NAN R D.Project FAST—Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope[J].AAPPS bulletin,2009,19(2):33-35.
[10]高健健,曹洋,甘恒谦,等.FAST 30m模型L-波段馈源的设计、制作和性能测试[J].天文研究与技术,2007,4(1):48-52.GAO J J,CAO Y,GAN H Q,et al.FAST 30m model L-band feed design,manufacture and performance testing[J].Astronomical research&technology,2007,4(1):48-52.(in Chinese)
[11]叶文娟.宽频带双极化多波束大型射电望远镜天线的研究与设计[D].南京:南京理工大学,2014.YE W J.Research and design for wideband dual polarized multibeam large radio telescope antenna[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Technology and Engineering,2014.(in Chinese)
[12]WU Y,WARNICK K F,JIN C J.Design Study of an L-band phased array feed for wide-field surveys and vibration compensation on FAST[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,2013,61(6):3026-3033.
[13]YOUNG A,WARNICK K F,DAVIDSON D B.Evaluation of an electronic sky derotation scheme for a phased array feed reflector antenna[C]//The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation(EuCAP 2014).Hague,2014:2409-2413.
[14]WARNICK K F,JEFFS B D.Efficiencies and system temperature for a beamforming array[J].IEEE antennas and wireless progagation letters,2008,7:565-568.
[15]伍洋,杜彪,金乘进,等.射电望远镜相控阵馈源技术[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(2):348-353.WU Y,DU B,JIN C J,et al.Phased array feeds technology in radio telescope[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2013,28(2):348-353.(in Chinese)
[16]PETERSEN D P,MIDDLETON D.Sampling and reconst-ruction of wave number limited functions in n dimensional Euclidean Spaces[J].Information and control,1962,5(4):279-323.
[17]伍洋,杜彪,刘肖萌,等.焦面场分析与相控阵馈源设计[J].电子与信息学报,2013,35(5):1236-1240.WU Y,DU B,LIU X M,et al.The focal field analysis and phased array feed technology[J].Journal of electronics&information technology,2013,35(5):1236-1240.(in Chinese)
[18]孙兵,江国泰,陆晓峰,等.一种宽带高增益的微波热疗辐射器的设计[J].电波科学学报,2010,25(1):151-155.SUN B,JIANG G T,LU X F,et al.A design of wideband and high gain microwave hyperthermia radiator[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2010,25(1):151-155.(in Chinese)
[19]HE Q Q,WANG B Z,HE J.Wideband and dualband design of a printed dipole antenna[J].IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters,2008,7:1-4.
[20]张新刚,吴刚,钟鹰.极小极大值在赋形反射面天线设计中应用研究[J].电波科学学报,2011,26(2):280-285.ZHANG X G,WU G,ZHONG Y.Applied research of Minimax value in shaped reflector antenna design[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2011,26(2):280-285.(in Chinese)
[2]FISHER J R,BRADLEY R F.Full sampling focal plane arrays[J].Imaging at radio through submillimeter wavelenths ASP conference proceedings,2000,217:11-18.
[3]NAGEL J R,WARNICK K F,JEFFS B D,et al.Experimental verification of RFI mitigation with a focal plane array feed[J].Radio science,2007,42(6):1-8.
[4]WARNICK K F,JEFFS B D,FISHER J R,et al.Beamforming and imaging with the BYU/-NRAO Lband 19-element phased array feed[C]//13th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and the Canadian Radio Science Meeting.Banff,Feburary 15-18,2009:1-4.
[5]ROSHI D A,WARNICK K F,BRANDT J,et al.Towards the development of high-sensitivity cryogenic phased array feed[C]//2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium.Beijing,August16-23,2014:1-4.
[6]VEIDT B,BURGESS T,MESSING R,et al.The DRAO phased array feed demonstrator:recent results[C]//13th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics and the Canadian Radio Sciences Meeting,2009,1-4.
[7]CAPPELLEN W A,VAATE J G.Status update on APERTIF,phased array feeds for the Westerbork Radio Telescope[C]//2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium.Beijing,2014:16-23.
[8]BROWN A J,HAMPSON G A,ROBERTS P,et al.Design and implementation of the 2nd generation ASKAP digital receiver system[C]//2014International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications(ICEAA).Palm Beach,2014:268-271.
[9]NAN R D.Project FAST—Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope[J].AAPPS bulletin,2009,19(2):33-35.
[10]高健健,曹洋,甘恒谦,等.FAST 30m模型L-波段馈源的设计、制作和性能测试[J].天文研究与技术,2007,4(1):48-52.GAO J J,CAO Y,GAN H Q,et al.FAST 30m model L-band feed design,manufacture and performance testing[J].Astronomical research&technology,2007,4(1):48-52.(in Chinese)
[11]叶文娟.宽频带双极化多波束大型射电望远镜天线的研究与设计[D].南京:南京理工大学,2014.YE W J.Research and design for wideband dual polarized multibeam large radio telescope antenna[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Technology and Engineering,2014.(in Chinese)
[12]WU Y,WARNICK K F,JIN C J.Design Study of an L-band phased array feed for wide-field surveys and vibration compensation on FAST[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,2013,61(6):3026-3033.
[13]YOUNG A,WARNICK K F,DAVIDSON D B.Evaluation of an electronic sky derotation scheme for a phased array feed reflector antenna[C]//The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation(EuCAP 2014).Hague,2014:2409-2413.
[14]WARNICK K F,JEFFS B D.Efficiencies and system temperature for a beamforming array[J].IEEE antennas and wireless progagation letters,2008,7:565-568.
[15]伍洋,杜彪,金乘进,等.射电望远镜相控阵馈源技术[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(2):348-353.WU Y,DU B,JIN C J,et al.Phased array feeds technology in radio telescope[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2013,28(2):348-353.(in Chinese)
[16]PETERSEN D P,MIDDLETON D.Sampling and reconst-ruction of wave number limited functions in n dimensional Euclidean Spaces[J].Information and control,1962,5(4):279-323.
[17]伍洋,杜彪,刘肖萌,等.焦面场分析与相控阵馈源设计[J].电子与信息学报,2013,35(5):1236-1240.WU Y,DU B,LIU X M,et al.The focal field analysis and phased array feed technology[J].Journal of electronics&information technology,2013,35(5):1236-1240.(in Chinese)
[18]孙兵,江国泰,陆晓峰,等.一种宽带高增益的微波热疗辐射器的设计[J].电波科学学报,2010,25(1):151-155.SUN B,JIANG G T,LU X F,et al.A design of wideband and high gain microwave hyperthermia radiator[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2010,25(1):151-155.(in Chinese)
[19]HE Q Q,WANG B Z,HE J.Wideband and dualband design of a printed dipole antenna[J].IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters,2008,7:1-4.
[20]张新刚,吴刚,钟鹰.极小极大值在赋形反射面天线设计中应用研究[J].电波科学学报,2011,26(2):280-285.ZHANG X G,WU G,ZHONG Y.Applied research of Minimax value in shaped reflector antenna design[J].Chinese journal of radio science,2011,26(2):280-285.(in Chinese)