富水砂卵石地层盾构隧道微扰动施工关键技术
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摘要
基于近年来富水砂卵石地层中盾构隧道工程遇到的典型问题,对开挖面平衡与盾构掘进、管片拼装、隧道上浮与隧道轴线控制、刀具检修以及风险源加固等方面进行研究。结果表明:螺旋排土—泥膜支护理念兼具泥水盾构开挖面稳定与土压盾构排土简便的特点,可实现保压掘进和微扰动施工控制;基于盾构掘进总推力分析,明确了盾壳摩阻力的影响及减摩措施,进而改善盾构掘进姿态、减少施工扰动;给出管片接缝螺栓拧紧力矩控制值,可有效减少接缝处管片碎裂、接缝张开和渗漏风险;大比重浆液在控制盾尾后方隧道上浮和隧道纵向稳定性方面具有显著作用,可综合考虑采用大比重浆液、增加隧道纵向刚度、隔断隧道纵向水流通道、严格控制切向分力等措施,确保成型隧道轴线与质量满足设计要求;衡盾泥可在开挖面形成"泥墙",并保持一定的稳定压力以满足刀具更换需要;工艺灵活、效果可控的钢管隔离桩技术可起到保护构筑物的作用。
In recent years,many typical problems have been encountered in shield tunnel engineering in sand and gravel formation with rich water.Thus,studies are correspondingly carried out on excavation equilibrium,segment assembly,upward movement and tunnel axis control,cutter checking and replacement,risk treatment and ground reinforcement.Results show that the spiral drainage and mud support concept has both the characteristics of the stable excavation face of slurry shield and the simple earth disposal of earth pressure shield.Accordingly,pressure-retaining tunneling and micro-disturbance construction control can be realized.Based on the total thrust analysis of shield tunneling,the influence of shield frictional resistance is made clear and the resistance reduction method is put forward so as to improve the attitude of shield tunneling and reduce the disturbance of construction.The control value of tightening torque for segment joint bolt is given,which can effectively reduce the risks of segment fragmentation at joint,joint loosening and leakage.Large proportion slurry plays a significant role in controlling the upward movement at the rear of shield tail and the longitudinal stability of the tunnel.Comprehensive measures such as adopting large proportion slurry,increasing the longitudinal stiffness of tunnel,cutting off the longitudinal flow channel along the shield and strictly controlling tangential component can be adopted to ensure that the quality of the constructed tunnel meets the design requirements.Paste HDN can form"mud wall"on the excavation face and maintain a certain stable pressure to meet the requirement for cutter replacement.The technology of steel pipe isolation pile with flexible process and controllable effect can protect the structure.
In recent years,many typical problems have been encountered in shield tunnel engineering in sand and gravel formation with rich water.Thus,studies are correspondingly carried out on excavation equilibrium,segment assembly,upward movement and tunnel axis control,cutter checking and replacement,risk treatment and ground reinforcement.Results show that the spiral drainage and mud support concept has both the characteristics of the stable excavation face of slurry shield and the simple earth disposal of earth pressure shield.Accordingly,pressure-retaining tunneling and micro-disturbance construction control can be realized.Based on the total thrust analysis of shield tunneling,the influence of shield frictional resistance is made clear and the resistance reduction method is put forward so as to improve the attitude of shield tunneling and reduce the disturbance of construction.The control value of tightening torque for segment joint bolt is given,which can effectively reduce the risks of segment fragmentation at joint,joint loosening and leakage.Large proportion slurry plays a significant role in controlling the upward movement at the rear of shield tail and the longitudinal stability of the tunnel.Comprehensive measures such as adopting large proportion slurry,increasing the longitudinal stiffness of tunnel,cutting off the longitudinal flow channel along the shield and strictly controlling tangential component can be adopted to ensure that the quality of the constructed tunnel meets the design requirements.Paste HDN can form"mud wall"on the excavation face and maintain a certain stable pressure to meet the requirement for cutter replacement.The technology of steel pipe isolation pile with flexible process and controllable effect can protect the structure.
引文
[1]戴志仁.盾构隧道管片设计若干问题研究与探讨[J].铁道工程学报,2012(6):65-70.(DAI Zhiren.Study and Discussion on the Issues about Segment Design of Shield Tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012(6):65-70.in Chinese)
[2]戴志仁.盾构隧道衬砌结构计算模型探讨[J].铁道工程学报,2013(6):52-58.(DAI Zhiren.Discussion on Calculation Model for Lining Structure of Shield Tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2013(6):52-58.in Chinese)
[3]戴志仁,王天明.盾构隧道衬砌结构计算若干问题研究与探讨[J].铁道工程学报,2015(6):45-50.(DAI Zhiren,WANG Tianming.Research and Discussion of Several Issues on Structural Calculation for Shield Tunnel Lining[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2015(6):45-50.in Chinese)
[4]戴志仁.兰州地铁1号线下穿黄河段盾构管片选型研究[J].铁路创新技术,2011(5):53-57.(DAI Zhiren,Study of Shield Segment Lining for Lanzhou Metro Line One Tunneling through the Yellow River[J].Railway Revolution Technology,2011(5):53-55.in Chinese)
[5]杨志团.高压富水砂卵石地层盾构隧道管片选型与应用[J].都市快轨交通,2014,27(4):79-84.(YANG Zhituan,Segment Selection and Its Application in High-Pressure Water-Rich and Sand Pebble Formation Shield Tunnel[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2014,27(4):79-84.in Chinese)
[6]张莎莎,戴志仁.兰州地铁穿黄段盾构隧道关键技术研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(6):20-27.(ZHANG Shasha,DAI Zhiren.Study on Key Techniques Used for the Shield Tunnel of the Lanzhou Metro Crossing below the Yellow River[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2015,52(6):20-27.in Chinese)
[7]王树华.适合成都砂卵石地层的土压平衡盾构机探索[J].现代隧道技术,2009,46(1):73-77.(WANG Shuhua.EPB TBM Adaptable for Sand and Cobble Stratum in Chengdu City[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2009,46(1):73-77.in Chinese)
[8]胡欣雨,张子新.砂卵石地层土压盾构开挖面动态平衡机理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(6):1115-1121.(HU Xinyu,ZHANG Zixin.Research on Dynamic Balance Mechanism of the Excavation Face with Earth Pressure Shield in Sandy Cobble Ground[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(6):1115-1121.in Chinese)
[9]罗松,张浩然.成都富水砂卵石地层盾构施工滞后沉降防控措施探讨[J].隧道建设,2010,30(3):317-320.(LUO Song,ZHANG Haorang.Discussion on Prevention and Control of Delayed Settlement Induced by Shield Tunneling in Water-Rich Sandy Cobble Stratum in Chengdu[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(3):317-320.in Chinese)
[10]马云新.克泥效抑制沉降工法在盾构近距离下穿地铁既有线工程中的应用[J].施工技术,2015,44(1):94-98.(MA Yunxin.Application of Clay Shock Method for Settlement Control in Shields Crossing the Existing Subway in Short Distance[J].Construction Technology,2015,44(1):94-98.in Chinese)
[11]杜国涛,程勇峰.克泥效同步注入技术在盾构穿越重大风险源中的应用[J].公路交通科技,2017,3(147):190-192.(DU Guotao,CHEN Yongfeng.Application of Kenixiao in Simultaneous Backfilling Grouting in Shield Tunnel for Significant Risks[J].Highway Traffic Technology,2017,3(147):190-192.in Chinese)
[12]戴志仁.盾构隧道盾尾隧道上浮机理与控制[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(1):59-66.(DAI Zhiren.The Mechanism and Control Principle of Upward Movements of Segments at the Rear of Shield Tail[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(1):59-66.in Chinese)
[13]张凤祥,朱合华,傅德明.盾构隧道[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[14]成都地铁建设分公司.成地铁建[2016]23号成都地铁建设工程市政管线保护实施细则(修订)[S].成都:成都地铁有限责任公式建设分公司,2016.
[15]中华人民共和国国家知识产权局.一种隧道穿越构筑物钢管隔离桩加固体系:中国,CN.201621327472.9[P].2017-07-04.
[2]戴志仁.盾构隧道衬砌结构计算模型探讨[J].铁道工程学报,2013(6):52-58.(DAI Zhiren.Discussion on Calculation Model for Lining Structure of Shield Tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2013(6):52-58.in Chinese)
[3]戴志仁,王天明.盾构隧道衬砌结构计算若干问题研究与探讨[J].铁道工程学报,2015(6):45-50.(DAI Zhiren,WANG Tianming.Research and Discussion of Several Issues on Structural Calculation for Shield Tunnel Lining[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2015(6):45-50.in Chinese)
[4]戴志仁.兰州地铁1号线下穿黄河段盾构管片选型研究[J].铁路创新技术,2011(5):53-57.(DAI Zhiren,Study of Shield Segment Lining for Lanzhou Metro Line One Tunneling through the Yellow River[J].Railway Revolution Technology,2011(5):53-55.in Chinese)
[5]杨志团.高压富水砂卵石地层盾构隧道管片选型与应用[J].都市快轨交通,2014,27(4):79-84.(YANG Zhituan,Segment Selection and Its Application in High-Pressure Water-Rich and Sand Pebble Formation Shield Tunnel[J].Urban Rapid Rail Transit,2014,27(4):79-84.in Chinese)
[6]张莎莎,戴志仁.兰州地铁穿黄段盾构隧道关键技术研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(6):20-27.(ZHANG Shasha,DAI Zhiren.Study on Key Techniques Used for the Shield Tunnel of the Lanzhou Metro Crossing below the Yellow River[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2015,52(6):20-27.in Chinese)
[7]王树华.适合成都砂卵石地层的土压平衡盾构机探索[J].现代隧道技术,2009,46(1):73-77.(WANG Shuhua.EPB TBM Adaptable for Sand and Cobble Stratum in Chengdu City[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2009,46(1):73-77.in Chinese)
[8]胡欣雨,张子新.砂卵石地层土压盾构开挖面动态平衡机理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(6):1115-1121.(HU Xinyu,ZHANG Zixin.Research on Dynamic Balance Mechanism of the Excavation Face with Earth Pressure Shield in Sandy Cobble Ground[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(6):1115-1121.in Chinese)
[9]罗松,张浩然.成都富水砂卵石地层盾构施工滞后沉降防控措施探讨[J].隧道建设,2010,30(3):317-320.(LUO Song,ZHANG Haorang.Discussion on Prevention and Control of Delayed Settlement Induced by Shield Tunneling in Water-Rich Sandy Cobble Stratum in Chengdu[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(3):317-320.in Chinese)
[10]马云新.克泥效抑制沉降工法在盾构近距离下穿地铁既有线工程中的应用[J].施工技术,2015,44(1):94-98.(MA Yunxin.Application of Clay Shock Method for Settlement Control in Shields Crossing the Existing Subway in Short Distance[J].Construction Technology,2015,44(1):94-98.in Chinese)
[11]杜国涛,程勇峰.克泥效同步注入技术在盾构穿越重大风险源中的应用[J].公路交通科技,2017,3(147):190-192.(DU Guotao,CHEN Yongfeng.Application of Kenixiao in Simultaneous Backfilling Grouting in Shield Tunnel for Significant Risks[J].Highway Traffic Technology,2017,3(147):190-192.in Chinese)
[12]戴志仁.盾构隧道盾尾隧道上浮机理与控制[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(1):59-66.(DAI Zhiren.The Mechanism and Control Principle of Upward Movements of Segments at the Rear of Shield Tail[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(1):59-66.in Chinese)
[13]张凤祥,朱合华,傅德明.盾构隧道[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[14]成都地铁建设分公司.成地铁建[2016]23号成都地铁建设工程市政管线保护实施细则(修订)[S].成都:成都地铁有限责任公式建设分公司,2016.
[15]中华人民共和国国家知识产权局.一种隧道穿越构筑物钢管隔离桩加固体系:中国,CN.201621327472.9[P].2017-07-04.