生物炭添加对马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性和产量的影响
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摘要
以马铃薯品种克新1号为试材,在土壤中分别添加10、20、40 t·hm~(-2)玉米秸秆生物炭,利用ITS高通量测序技术,研究不同生物炭添加量对马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性和产量的影响。结果表明:各生物炭处理均降低了土壤真菌丰度,其中以T3处理(添加生物炭20 t·hm~(-2))丰度最低。马铃薯根际土壤真菌主要包括5个门、25个纲、62个目、120个科、201个属和345个种,在门分类水平上优势真菌群落为子囊菌门,相对丰度为86.86%～95.86%。添加生物炭处理有利于提高子囊菌门的丰度,降低担子菌门和接合菌门的丰度;在科分类水平上,添加生物炭处理提高了粪壳菌目Incertae sedis 23、小子囊菌科、毛壳菌科、丛赤壳科的丰度,降低了子囊菌科、粪壳菌科、粪壳菌目Incertae sedis的丰度。添加生物炭处理提高了马铃薯单株产量、单株结薯数和商品薯率,其中T3处理效果最显著。综合产量指标和真菌多样性分析,T3处理最有利于马铃薯产量提高和土壤改良。
Taking‘Kexin No.1'as experimental material,this paper studyied the effects of adding different biochar quantities(10,20,40 t·hm~(-2))on diversity of potato root rhizosphere soil and yield of potato by ITS high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that all biochar treatments reduced the soil fungal diversity,and the fungal abundance of T3 treatment(20 t·hm~(-2)) was the lowest.The potato rhizosphere soil fungi mainly included 5 phyla,25 classes,62 orders,120 families,201 genera and 345 species.The dominant fungi community at the phylum classification level was Ascomycota.Its relative abundance was 86.86%-95.86%. Adding biochar treatment could increase the abundance of Ascomycota and reduce abundance of Basidiomycete and Zygomycota.At the level of family taxonomy,adding biochar treatments could increase the abundance of Sordariaceae Incertae sedis 23,Microascaceae,Chaetomiaceae,Nectriaceae and reduce the abundance of Ascomycota,Sordariomycetes,Sordariales Incertae sedis.The potato yield,tuber number per plant and commercial potato rate were significantly increased by adding biochar treatments.Among them T3 had significant effect.By comprehensive analysis on yield index and fungi diversity,T3 treatment was most conducive to increase potato yield and improve soil fertility.
Taking‘Kexin No.1'as experimental material,this paper studyied the effects of adding different biochar quantities(10,20,40 t·hm~(-2))on diversity of potato root rhizosphere soil and yield of potato by ITS high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that all biochar treatments reduced the soil fungal diversity,and the fungal abundance of T3 treatment(20 t·hm~(-2)) was the lowest.The potato rhizosphere soil fungi mainly included 5 phyla,25 classes,62 orders,120 families,201 genera and 345 species.The dominant fungi community at the phylum classification level was Ascomycota.Its relative abundance was 86.86%-95.86%. Adding biochar treatment could increase the abundance of Ascomycota and reduce abundance of Basidiomycete and Zygomycota.At the level of family taxonomy,adding biochar treatments could increase the abundance of Sordariaceae Incertae sedis 23,Microascaceae,Chaetomiaceae,Nectriaceae and reduce the abundance of Ascomycota,Sordariomycetes,Sordariales Incertae sedis.The potato yield,tuber number per plant and commercial potato rate were significantly increased by adding biochar treatments.Among them T3 had significant effect.By comprehensive analysis on yield index and fungi diversity,T3 treatment was most conducive to increase potato yield and improve soil fertility.
引文
丁建莉,姜昕,马鸣超,关大伟,赵百锁,魏丹,曹凤明,李力,李俊.2017.长期有机无机肥配施对东北黑土真菌群落结构的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,23(4):914-923.
焦瑞枣,任少勇,王姣,魏翠果,蒙美莲.2015.炭基肥对马铃薯田土壤容重、孔隙度和养分的影响.华北农学报,30(4):231-238.
李发虎,李明,刘金泉,胡云,张清梅,赵恒栋.2017.生物炭对温室黄瓜根际土壤真菌丰度和根系生长的影响.农业机械学报,48(4):265-270.
李明,胡云,黄修梅,张清梅,尹春.2016.生物炭对设施黄瓜根际土壤养分和菌群的影响.农业机械学报,47(11):172-178.
李迅,胡沂淮,裴建军,邵蔚蓝.2003.分子生物学技术在担子菌中的研究进展.中国食用菌,22(4):6-8.
刘星,张文明,张春红,邱慧珍,李瑞琴,王蒂,沈其荣.2016.土壤灭菌-生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯及土壤真菌群落结构的影响.生态学报,36(20):6365-6378.
盛玉钰,丛静,卢慧,杨开华,杨林森,王敏,张于光.2018.神农架国家公园林线过渡带土壤真菌多样性.生态学报,38(15):5322-5330.
孙权,陈茹,宋乃平,王青凤,王锐.2010.宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯连作土壤养分、酶活性和微生物区系的演变.水土保持学报,24(6):208-212.
王欣,尹带霞,张凤,谭长银,彭渤.2015.生物炭对土壤肥力与环境质量的影响机制与风险解析.农业工程学报,31(4):248-257.
吴凤芝,王学征.2007.设施黄瓜连作和轮作中土壤微生物群落多样性的变化及其与产量品质的关系.中国农业科学,40(10):2274-2280.
夏亚真,田利英,李胜利,毕明明.2018.生物炭对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响.中国蔬菜,(5):32-35.
谢奎忠,陆立银,罗爱花.2013.不同栽培措施对连作马铃薯土壤真菌、真菌性病害和产量的影响.中国蔬菜,(2):70-75.
邢来君,李明春.2001.普通真菌学.北京:高等教育出版社.
庄文颖.2010.我国丛赤壳类真菌分类研究.生命科学,22(11):1083-1085.
Jin H.2010.Characterization of microbial life colonizing biochar and biochar-amended soils.New York:Cornell University.
Khodadad C L M,Zimmerman A R,Green S J,Uthandi S,Foster J S.2011.Taxaspecific changes in soil microbial community composition induced by pyrogenic carbon mendments.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,43:385-392.
Major J,Rondon M,Molina D,Riha S J,Lehmann J.2010.Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol.Plant Soil,333:117-128.
Noguera D,Rondon M,Laossi K R,Hoyos V,Lavelle P.2010.Contrasted effect of biochar and earthworms on rice growth and resource allocation in different soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42(7):1017-1027.
van Zwieten L,Kimber S,Morris S,Chan K Y,Downie A,Rust J,Joseph S,Cowie A.2010.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysisof papermill wasteon agronomic performance and soil fertility.PlantSoil,327:235-246.
焦瑞枣,任少勇,王姣,魏翠果,蒙美莲.2015.炭基肥对马铃薯田土壤容重、孔隙度和养分的影响.华北农学报,30(4):231-238.
李发虎,李明,刘金泉,胡云,张清梅,赵恒栋.2017.生物炭对温室黄瓜根际土壤真菌丰度和根系生长的影响.农业机械学报,48(4):265-270.
李明,胡云,黄修梅,张清梅,尹春.2016.生物炭对设施黄瓜根际土壤养分和菌群的影响.农业机械学报,47(11):172-178.
李迅,胡沂淮,裴建军,邵蔚蓝.2003.分子生物学技术在担子菌中的研究进展.中国食用菌,22(4):6-8.
刘星,张文明,张春红,邱慧珍,李瑞琴,王蒂,沈其荣.2016.土壤灭菌-生物有机肥联用对连作马铃薯及土壤真菌群落结构的影响.生态学报,36(20):6365-6378.
盛玉钰,丛静,卢慧,杨开华,杨林森,王敏,张于光.2018.神农架国家公园林线过渡带土壤真菌多样性.生态学报,38(15):5322-5330.
孙权,陈茹,宋乃平,王青凤,王锐.2010.宁南黄土丘陵区马铃薯连作土壤养分、酶活性和微生物区系的演变.水土保持学报,24(6):208-212.
王欣,尹带霞,张凤,谭长银,彭渤.2015.生物炭对土壤肥力与环境质量的影响机制与风险解析.农业工程学报,31(4):248-257.
吴凤芝,王学征.2007.设施黄瓜连作和轮作中土壤微生物群落多样性的变化及其与产量品质的关系.中国农业科学,40(10):2274-2280.
夏亚真,田利英,李胜利,毕明明.2018.生物炭对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响.中国蔬菜,(5):32-35.
谢奎忠,陆立银,罗爱花.2013.不同栽培措施对连作马铃薯土壤真菌、真菌性病害和产量的影响.中国蔬菜,(2):70-75.
邢来君,李明春.2001.普通真菌学.北京:高等教育出版社.
庄文颖.2010.我国丛赤壳类真菌分类研究.生命科学,22(11):1083-1085.
Jin H.2010.Characterization of microbial life colonizing biochar and biochar-amended soils.New York:Cornell University.
Khodadad C L M,Zimmerman A R,Green S J,Uthandi S,Foster J S.2011.Taxaspecific changes in soil microbial community composition induced by pyrogenic carbon mendments.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,43:385-392.
Major J,Rondon M,Molina D,Riha S J,Lehmann J.2010.Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol.Plant Soil,333:117-128.
Noguera D,Rondon M,Laossi K R,Hoyos V,Lavelle P.2010.Contrasted effect of biochar and earthworms on rice growth and resource allocation in different soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42(7):1017-1027.
van Zwieten L,Kimber S,Morris S,Chan K Y,Downie A,Rust J,Joseph S,Cowie A.2010.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysisof papermill wasteon agronomic performance and soil fertility.PlantSoil,327:235-246.