冬麦免耕覆盖栽培对土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响
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摘要
为揭示冬麦免耕覆盖栽培管理措施对土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响,以农田土壤生态系统为研究对象,利用Illumina Mi Seq平台通过高通量测序的方法,对连续免耕覆盖栽培及有机肥管理下冬麦土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落组成及其与土壤环境因子间的相互关系进行研究。结果表明,丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在97%相似度下共获得4 515个AM真菌的操作分类单元(OTUs),分属于1门3纲4目8科10属155种。不同处理中,类球囊霉属(Paraglomus),球囊霉属(Glomus)和近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus)为优势属,受农业综合管理措施中有机肥施用、免耕覆盖因子的影响,近明球囊霉、有隔球囊霉属相对丰度在不同处理间存在显著差异(P<0. 05)。与耕作、不覆盖相比,免耕、覆盖措施提高了AM真菌多样性指数,但降低了AM真菌属的丰富度;与无肥条件相比,有机肥施用提高了AM真菌丰富度指数,但降低了AM真菌多样性指数。多元分析结果表明,土壤全磷及速效磷含量是影响AM真菌群落组成中优势属丰度变化的主要因素。免耕覆盖、有机栽培改变了土壤AM真菌的多样性及丰富度,土壤中丰度较低的AM真菌菌属更容易受到有机肥施用的影响;有机肥与免耕、覆盖管理的交互作用对AM真菌近明球囊霉属相对丰度有显著影响(P<0. 05)。AM真菌群落对耕作覆盖、有机肥施用管理活动的响应受到农业综合管理活动及其相关因素交互作用的影响。本研究结果为合理农作物免耕覆盖、有机栽培管理提供了理论依据。
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability and stability of the soil ecosystem. In order to reveal the influence of no-tillage with mulching and organic fertilization on the diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal( AM) fungi after the continuous winter wheat farming for two years,the relationship between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure and soil environmental factors under the continuous no-tillage mulching and fertilization management were studied by using illumina miseq platform through high-throughput sequencing method. A total of 4 515 operational taxa( OTUs) of AM fungi were obtained under 97% similarity,belonging to 155 species,1 phylum,3 classes,4 orders,8 families,10 genera. Paraglomus,Glomus and Clarithroides were the dominant genera in all treatments. Under the influence of organic fertilizer and no-tillage mulching factors,the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus and Septoglomus were significantly difference among different treatments( P < 0. 05).Compared with tillage and non-mulching,no-tillage and mulching measures increased the diversity index of AM fungi,but the abundance of AM fungi were decreased under the condition of organic fertilizer,compared with no fertilizer condition. The application of organic fertilizer increased AM fungi richness index,but decreased AM fungi diversity index. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the contents of total phosphorus and the available phosphorus in soil were the main influence factors to the change of the dominant genera abundance of AM fungal communities. The diversity and the abundance of AM fungi were changed by no-tillage mulching and organic fertilization. AM fungi genera with lower abundance in soil,are more susceptible to the influence by organic fertilization management. The interaction of organic fertilization with no-tillage and mulching management had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus. The response of AM fungal community to tillage,mulch and the organic fertilization management measures are influenced by multiple factors of agriculture management and also influenced by complex interactions with management factors with each other. This study offers a theoretic basis for rational crop no-tillage with mulching and organic cultivation management in the mountain areas of south Ningxia.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability and stability of the soil ecosystem. In order to reveal the influence of no-tillage with mulching and organic fertilization on the diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal( AM) fungi after the continuous winter wheat farming for two years,the relationship between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure and soil environmental factors under the continuous no-tillage mulching and fertilization management were studied by using illumina miseq platform through high-throughput sequencing method. A total of 4 515 operational taxa( OTUs) of AM fungi were obtained under 97% similarity,belonging to 155 species,1 phylum,3 classes,4 orders,8 families,10 genera. Paraglomus,Glomus and Clarithroides were the dominant genera in all treatments. Under the influence of organic fertilizer and no-tillage mulching factors,the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus and Septoglomus were significantly difference among different treatments( P < 0. 05).Compared with tillage and non-mulching,no-tillage and mulching measures increased the diversity index of AM fungi,but the abundance of AM fungi were decreased under the condition of organic fertilizer,compared with no fertilizer condition. The application of organic fertilizer increased AM fungi richness index,but decreased AM fungi diversity index. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the contents of total phosphorus and the available phosphorus in soil were the main influence factors to the change of the dominant genera abundance of AM fungal communities. The diversity and the abundance of AM fungi were changed by no-tillage mulching and organic fertilization. AM fungi genera with lower abundance in soil,are more susceptible to the influence by organic fertilization management. The interaction of organic fertilization with no-tillage and mulching management had a significant effect on the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus. The response of AM fungal community to tillage,mulch and the organic fertilization management measures are influenced by multiple factors of agriculture management and also influenced by complex interactions with management factors with each other. This study offers a theoretic basis for rational crop no-tillage with mulching and organic cultivation management in the mountain areas of south Ningxia.
引文
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[2]仝瑞建,杨晓红,李东彦.丛枝菌根真菌种间差异对柚苗营养生长及矿质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(7):1229-1233
[3] Jeffries P,Gianinazzi S,Perotto S,Turnau K,Barea J M L. Thecontribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainablemaintenance of plant health and soil fertility[J]. Biology&Fertilityof Soils,2003,37(1):1-16
[4]张霞,张萍萍,丁新华,储昭辉.根内根生囊霉CD-1对5种番茄的促生作用[J].核农学报,2015,29(11):2224-2230
[5] Mickan B S,Abbott L K,Stefanova K,Solaiman Z M. Interactionsbetween biochar and mycorrhizal fungi in a water-stressedagricultural soil[J]. Mycorrhiza,2016,26(6):1-10
[6] Maurer C,Rüdy M,Chervet A,Sturny W,Flisch R,Oehl F.Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crops using no-tilland conventional tillage practices[J]. Agrarforschung Schweiz,2014,5(10):398-405
[7] Mader P,Fliessbach A,Dubois D,Gunst L,Fried P,Niggli U.Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming[J]. Science,2002,296:1694-1697
[8] Verbruggen E,Rling W F,Gamper H A,Kowalchuk G A,VerhoefH A,Van der Heijden M G A. Positive effects of organic farming onbelow-ground mutualists:large-scale comparison of mycorrhizalfungal communities in agricultural soils[J]. New Phytologist,2010,186(4):968-979
[9]高萍,闫飞扬,蒙程.黄土高原不同耕作措施下AM真菌的多样性[J].草业科学,2016,33(10):1917-1923
[10] Manoharan L, Rosenstock N P, Williams A, Nicholas P R.Agricultural management practices influence AMF diversity andcommunity composition with cascading effects on plant productivity[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2017,115:53-59
[11] Kabir Z. Tillage or no-tillage:impact on mycorrhizae[J].CanadianJournal of Plant Science,2005,85(1):23-29
[12] Plaza C,García-Gil J C,Polo A. Microbial activity in pig slurry-amended soils under aerobic incubation[J]. Biodegradation,2007,18(2):159-165
[13] Kautz T,Wirth S,Ellmer F. Microbial activity in a sandy arable soilis governed by the fertilization regime[J]. European Journal of SoilBiology,2004,40(2):87-94
[14] Van der Heijden M G A,Streitwolf-Engel R,Riedl R,Siegrist S,Neudecker A,Ineichen K,Boller T,Wiemken A,Sanders I R. Themycorrhizal contribution to plant productivity,plant nutrition andsoil structure in experimental grassland[J]. New Phytologist,2010,172(4):739-752
[15] Bending G D,Turner M K,Jones J E. Interaction between cropresidue and soil organic matter quality and the functional diversity ofsoil microbial communities[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(8):1073-1082
[16] Dai J,Hu J,Lin X,Yang A,Wang R,Zhang J. Wong M.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity,external mycelium length,and glomalin-related soil protein content in response to long-termfertilizer management[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments,2013,13:1-11
[17] Khl L,Oehl F,Van M D H. Agricultural practices indirectlyinfluence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects onsoil biota[J]. Ecological Applications,2016,24(7):1842-1853
[18]朱晨.不同施肥制度对主要农作物土壤中AMF群落结构的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016
[19] Johnson N C,Pfleger F L. Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizae andCultural Stresses[M]. USA:Amer Society of Agronomy,1992:71-100
[20] Sato K,Suyama Y,Saito M,Sugawara K. A new primer fordiscrimination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with polymerase chainreaction-denature gradient gel electrophoresis[J]. GrasslandScience,2005,51(2):179-181
[21]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[22] Edgar R C. Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster thanBLAST[J]. Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460-2462
[23] Guo X,Gong J. Differential effects of abiotic factors and host planttraits on diversity and community composition of root-colonizingarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a salt-stressed ecosystem[J].Mycorrhiza,2014,24(2):79-94
[24]张贵云,张丽萍,魏明峰,刘珍,范巧兰,吕贝贝,姚众,柴跃进.长期保护性耕作对丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(7):1048-1055
[25] Verena S,Paula A,Endre L,Paul M,Alfred B,Urs Z,Marcel G A,Fritz O. Impact of conservation tillage and organic farming on thediversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,84:38-52
[26] Irene G,Miguel Q,JoséLuis G,ChiquinquiráH. Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungal activity responses to winter cover crops in asunflower and maize cropping system[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2016,102:10-18
[27]张美庆,王幼珊,邢礼军.我国东南沿海地区AM真菌群落生态分布研究[J].菌物系统,1998(3):274-277
[28] Wetzel K,Silva G,Matczinski U,Oehl F,Fester T. Superiordifferentiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities from tilland no-till plots by morphological spore identification whencompared to T-RFLP[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,72:88-96
[29] Alguacil M M,Lumini E,Roldan A,Salinas-Garcia J R,BonfanteP, BianciottoⅤ. The impact of tillage practices on arbuscularmycorrhizal fungal diversity in subtropical crops[J]. EcologicalApplications,2008,18:527-536
[30] Liu Y,Johnson N C,Lin M,Shi G X,Jiang S J,Ma X J,Du G Z,An L Z,Feng H Y. Phylogenetic structure of arbuscular mycorrhizalcommunity shifts in response to increasing soil fertility[J]. SoilBiology&Biochemistry,2015,89:196-205
[31]刘佳.长期施肥对农田土壤丛枝菌根真菌生物多样性及群落结构的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009
[32] Vaidya G S,Shrestha K,Khadge B R,Johnson N C,Wallander H.Organic matter stimulates bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiin bauhinia purpurea and leucaena diversifolia plantations on erodedslopes in nepal[J].Restoration Ecology,2010,16(1):79-87
[33]李雪静,徐天乐,陈保冬,徐丽娇,赵爱花.荒漠和草原生态系统丛枝菌根真菌多样性和群落结构[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2734-2743
[34] Husband R,Herre E A,Turner S L,Gallery R,Young J P.Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and patterns ofhost association over time and space in a tropical forest[J].Molecular Ecology,2010,11(12):2669-2678
[35] Scheublin T R,Ridgway K P,Young J P W,Van der Heijden M GA. Nonlegumes, legumes, and root nodules harbor differentarbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(10):6240
[36] Wirsel S G R. Homogenous stands of a wetland grass harbour diverseconsortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. FEMS MicrobiologyEcology,2004,48:129-138
[37] Hijri I,Sykorova Z,Oehl F,Ineichen K,Mder P,Wiemken A,Redecker D. Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arablesoils are not necessarily low in diversity[J]. Molecular Ecology,2010,15(8):2277-2289
[38] BritoⅠ,Goss M J,Carvalho M D,Chatagnier O,van Tuinen D.Impact of tillage system on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal communitiesin the soil under Mediterranean conditions[J]. Soil and TillageResearch,2012,121:63-67
[39] Hazard C,Gosling P,van der Gast C J,Mitchell D T,Doohan FM,Bending G D. The role of local environment and geographicaldistance in determining community composition of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi at the landscape scale[J]. Isme Journal,2013,7(3):498-508
[40] Xiang D,Veresoglou S D,Rillig M C,Xu T L,Li H,Hao Z P,Chen B D. Relative importance of individual climatic drivers shapingarbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities[J]. Microbial Ecology,2016,72(2):418-427
[41] Smilauer P. Communities of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ingrassland:seasonal variability and effects of environment and hostplants[J].Folia Geobotanica,2001,36(3):243-263
[42] Mathimaran N,Ruh R,Jama B,Verchot L,Frossard E,Jansa J.Impact of agricultural management on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungalcommunities in Kenyan ferralsol[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,119:22-32
[43] Jansa J,Oberholzer H R,Egli S. Environmental determinants of thearbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infectivity of Swiss agricultural soils[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2009,45(4):400-408
[44] Alguacil M M,Torrecillas E,Lozano Z,Roldán A. Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi communities in a coral cay system(Morrocoy,Venezuela)and their relationships with environmental variables[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,505:805-813
[2]仝瑞建,杨晓红,李东彦.丛枝菌根真菌种间差异对柚苗营养生长及矿质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(7):1229-1233
[3] Jeffries P,Gianinazzi S,Perotto S,Turnau K,Barea J M L. Thecontribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainablemaintenance of plant health and soil fertility[J]. Biology&Fertilityof Soils,2003,37(1):1-16
[4]张霞,张萍萍,丁新华,储昭辉.根内根生囊霉CD-1对5种番茄的促生作用[J].核农学报,2015,29(11):2224-2230
[5] Mickan B S,Abbott L K,Stefanova K,Solaiman Z M. Interactionsbetween biochar and mycorrhizal fungi in a water-stressedagricultural soil[J]. Mycorrhiza,2016,26(6):1-10
[6] Maurer C,Rüdy M,Chervet A,Sturny W,Flisch R,Oehl F.Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crops using no-tilland conventional tillage practices[J]. Agrarforschung Schweiz,2014,5(10):398-405
[7] Mader P,Fliessbach A,Dubois D,Gunst L,Fried P,Niggli U.Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming[J]. Science,2002,296:1694-1697
[8] Verbruggen E,Rling W F,Gamper H A,Kowalchuk G A,VerhoefH A,Van der Heijden M G A. Positive effects of organic farming onbelow-ground mutualists:large-scale comparison of mycorrhizalfungal communities in agricultural soils[J]. New Phytologist,2010,186(4):968-979
[9]高萍,闫飞扬,蒙程.黄土高原不同耕作措施下AM真菌的多样性[J].草业科学,2016,33(10):1917-1923
[10] Manoharan L, Rosenstock N P, Williams A, Nicholas P R.Agricultural management practices influence AMF diversity andcommunity composition with cascading effects on plant productivity[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2017,115:53-59
[11] Kabir Z. Tillage or no-tillage:impact on mycorrhizae[J].CanadianJournal of Plant Science,2005,85(1):23-29
[12] Plaza C,García-Gil J C,Polo A. Microbial activity in pig slurry-amended soils under aerobic incubation[J]. Biodegradation,2007,18(2):159-165
[13] Kautz T,Wirth S,Ellmer F. Microbial activity in a sandy arable soilis governed by the fertilization regime[J]. European Journal of SoilBiology,2004,40(2):87-94
[14] Van der Heijden M G A,Streitwolf-Engel R,Riedl R,Siegrist S,Neudecker A,Ineichen K,Boller T,Wiemken A,Sanders I R. Themycorrhizal contribution to plant productivity,plant nutrition andsoil structure in experimental grassland[J]. New Phytologist,2010,172(4):739-752
[15] Bending G D,Turner M K,Jones J E. Interaction between cropresidue and soil organic matter quality and the functional diversity ofsoil microbial communities[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(8):1073-1082
[16] Dai J,Hu J,Lin X,Yang A,Wang R,Zhang J. Wong M.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity,external mycelium length,and glomalin-related soil protein content in response to long-termfertilizer management[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments,2013,13:1-11
[17] Khl L,Oehl F,Van M D H. Agricultural practices indirectlyinfluence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects onsoil biota[J]. Ecological Applications,2016,24(7):1842-1853
[18]朱晨.不同施肥制度对主要农作物土壤中AMF群落结构的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016
[19] Johnson N C,Pfleger F L. Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizae andCultural Stresses[M]. USA:Amer Society of Agronomy,1992:71-100
[20] Sato K,Suyama Y,Saito M,Sugawara K. A new primer fordiscrimination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with polymerase chainreaction-denature gradient gel electrophoresis[J]. GrasslandScience,2005,51(2):179-181
[21]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[22] Edgar R C. Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster thanBLAST[J]. Bioinformatics,2010,26(19):2460-2462
[23] Guo X,Gong J. Differential effects of abiotic factors and host planttraits on diversity and community composition of root-colonizingarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a salt-stressed ecosystem[J].Mycorrhiza,2014,24(2):79-94
[24]张贵云,张丽萍,魏明峰,刘珍,范巧兰,吕贝贝,姚众,柴跃进.长期保护性耕作对丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(7):1048-1055
[25] Verena S,Paula A,Endre L,Paul M,Alfred B,Urs Z,Marcel G A,Fritz O. Impact of conservation tillage and organic farming on thediversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,84:38-52
[26] Irene G,Miguel Q,JoséLuis G,ChiquinquiráH. Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungal activity responses to winter cover crops in asunflower and maize cropping system[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2016,102:10-18
[27]张美庆,王幼珊,邢礼军.我国东南沿海地区AM真菌群落生态分布研究[J].菌物系统,1998(3):274-277
[28] Wetzel K,Silva G,Matczinski U,Oehl F,Fester T. Superiordifferentiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities from tilland no-till plots by morphological spore identification whencompared to T-RFLP[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,72:88-96
[29] Alguacil M M,Lumini E,Roldan A,Salinas-Garcia J R,BonfanteP, BianciottoⅤ. The impact of tillage practices on arbuscularmycorrhizal fungal diversity in subtropical crops[J]. EcologicalApplications,2008,18:527-536
[30] Liu Y,Johnson N C,Lin M,Shi G X,Jiang S J,Ma X J,Du G Z,An L Z,Feng H Y. Phylogenetic structure of arbuscular mycorrhizalcommunity shifts in response to increasing soil fertility[J]. SoilBiology&Biochemistry,2015,89:196-205
[31]刘佳.长期施肥对农田土壤丛枝菌根真菌生物多样性及群落结构的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2009
[32] Vaidya G S,Shrestha K,Khadge B R,Johnson N C,Wallander H.Organic matter stimulates bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiin bauhinia purpurea and leucaena diversifolia plantations on erodedslopes in nepal[J].Restoration Ecology,2010,16(1):79-87
[33]李雪静,徐天乐,陈保冬,徐丽娇,赵爱花.荒漠和草原生态系统丛枝菌根真菌多样性和群落结构[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2734-2743
[34] Husband R,Herre E A,Turner S L,Gallery R,Young J P.Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and patterns ofhost association over time and space in a tropical forest[J].Molecular Ecology,2010,11(12):2669-2678
[35] Scheublin T R,Ridgway K P,Young J P W,Van der Heijden M GA. Nonlegumes, legumes, and root nodules harbor differentarbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities[J]. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(10):6240
[36] Wirsel S G R. Homogenous stands of a wetland grass harbour diverseconsortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. FEMS MicrobiologyEcology,2004,48:129-138
[37] Hijri I,Sykorova Z,Oehl F,Ineichen K,Mder P,Wiemken A,Redecker D. Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arablesoils are not necessarily low in diversity[J]. Molecular Ecology,2010,15(8):2277-2289
[38] BritoⅠ,Goss M J,Carvalho M D,Chatagnier O,van Tuinen D.Impact of tillage system on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal communitiesin the soil under Mediterranean conditions[J]. Soil and TillageResearch,2012,121:63-67
[39] Hazard C,Gosling P,van der Gast C J,Mitchell D T,Doohan FM,Bending G D. The role of local environment and geographicaldistance in determining community composition of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi at the landscape scale[J]. Isme Journal,2013,7(3):498-508
[40] Xiang D,Veresoglou S D,Rillig M C,Xu T L,Li H,Hao Z P,Chen B D. Relative importance of individual climatic drivers shapingarbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities[J]. Microbial Ecology,2016,72(2):418-427
[41] Smilauer P. Communities of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ingrassland:seasonal variability and effects of environment and hostplants[J].Folia Geobotanica,2001,36(3):243-263
[42] Mathimaran N,Ruh R,Jama B,Verchot L,Frossard E,Jansa J.Impact of agricultural management on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungalcommunities in Kenyan ferralsol[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2007,119:22-32
[43] Jansa J,Oberholzer H R,Egli S. Environmental determinants of thearbuscular mycorrhizal fungal infectivity of Swiss agricultural soils[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2009,45(4):400-408
[44] Alguacil M M,Torrecillas E,Lozano Z,Roldán A. Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi communities in a coral cay system(Morrocoy,Venezuela)and their relationships with environmental variables[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,505:805-813