巷道围岩失稳监测技术及应用
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摘要
巷道围岩稳定性监测可及时对巷道变形与失稳做出预警,是保障煤矿安全的重要手段。针对巷道变形失稳监测的实际,构建45°倾角层状巷道相似模型,设计了可进行巷道围岩力学信息实时探测的小型普通与恒阻监测锚杆,进行基于恒阻大变形锚杆受力的巷道变形与失稳监测模型实验,同时进行多种倾角岩层巷道变形与失稳监测的离散元数值模拟,实验得到巷道变形破坏全过程的位移场精确量测信息与锚杆力学监测信息,分析巷道变形破坏机理,根据巷道变形与锚杆受力变化的时序特征,研究围岩失稳判别条件。结果表明:恒阻锚杆可实现巷道变形与失稳全过程监测,巷道围岩失稳的锚杆受力监测前兆信息为监测曲线短时间内显著持续上升,锚杆受力监测效果优于位移监测。研发恒阻锚杆受力巷道稳定性监测系统并在深部层状岩巷矿井进行工程应用,效果良好。
The stability monitoring of roadway surrounding rock can timely predict the deformation and instability of roadway, and it is an important means to ensure the safety of coal mine. In view of the fact that the monitoring of roadway deformation instability, a similar model of 45 degree dip roadway is constructed, the monitoring device of axial force in small bolt(SB) and small constant resistance bolt(SCRB) is designed to the real-time detection of roadway mechanics data, the model experiment of roadway deformation and instability monitoring based on SCRB is carried out, discrete element method is used to simulate the deformation and instability monitoring of various inclined strata roadways, the accurate measurement information of the displacement field and the mechanical monitoring information of the bolt are obtained, the deformation and failure mechanism of the roadway are analyzed. According to the time series characteristics of the deformation of the roadway and the force change of the anchor bolt, the criterion of instability of surrounding rock is studied. The SCRB can realize the whole process of roadway deformation and instability, the stress monitoring curve of the anchor rod obviously rises continuously in a short time, which is the precursor information of the instability of the surrounding roadway rock, the effect of mechanical monitoring of bolt is better than displacement monitoring, roadway stability monitoring system is developed and applied to the deep bedded rock roadway and excellent results have been achieved in its practical application.
The stability monitoring of roadway surrounding rock can timely predict the deformation and instability of roadway, and it is an important means to ensure the safety of coal mine. In view of the fact that the monitoring of roadway deformation instability, a similar model of 45 degree dip roadway is constructed, the monitoring device of axial force in small bolt(SB) and small constant resistance bolt(SCRB) is designed to the real-time detection of roadway mechanics data, the model experiment of roadway deformation and instability monitoring based on SCRB is carried out, discrete element method is used to simulate the deformation and instability monitoring of various inclined strata roadways, the accurate measurement information of the displacement field and the mechanical monitoring information of the bolt are obtained, the deformation and failure mechanism of the roadway are analyzed. According to the time series characteristics of the deformation of the roadway and the force change of the anchor bolt, the criterion of instability of surrounding rock is studied. The SCRB can realize the whole process of roadway deformation and instability, the stress monitoring curve of the anchor rod obviously rises continuously in a short time, which is the precursor information of the instability of the surrounding roadway rock, the effect of mechanical monitoring of bolt is better than displacement monitoring, roadway stability monitoring system is developed and applied to the deep bedded rock roadway and excellent results have been achieved in its practical application.
引文
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[15]杨宝全,张林,陈建叶,等.小湾高拱坝整体稳定三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2087-2093.YANG Baoquan,ZHANG Lin,CHEN Jianye,et al.Experimental study of 3D geomechanical model for global stability of Xiaowan high arch dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2087-2093.
[16]李术才,王德超,王琦,等.深部厚顶煤巷道大型地质力学模型试验系统研制与应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1522-1530.LI Shucai,WANG Dechao,WANG Qi,et al.Development and application of large-scale geomechanical model test system for deep thick top coal roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1522-1530.
[17]林志斌,李元海,高文艺,等.非构造应力下圆形巷道的内部变形破裂规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):491-497.LIN Zhibin,LI Yuanhai,GAO Wenyi,et al.Research on the law of internal deformation and cracking of circular tunnels under non-tectonic stress[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):491-497.
[18]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[2]TRIFU C,URBANCIC T,YOUNG R P.Source parameters of mining-induced seismic events:an evaluation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous faulting models for assessing damage potential[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1995,145(1):3-27.
[3]BRADY B,LEIGHTON F.Seismicity anomaly prior to a moderate rock burst:a case study[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1977,14(3):127-132.
[4]KENT F L,COGGAN J S,ALTOUNYAN P F R.Investigation into factors affecting roadway deformation in the Selby coalfield[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1999,16:273-289.
[5]PHILLIPS W S,RUTLEDGE J T,HOUSE L S,et al.Induce micro-earthquake patterns in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs:six case studies[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159(13):345-369.
[6]何烨,彭飞,胡学军,等.济二矿首例孤岛综放面冲击矿压监测治理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):569-572.HE Ye,PENG Fei,HU Xuejun,et al.Monitoring and control of rock burst in island coving coal face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(5):569-572.
[7]谭云亮,何孔翔,马植胜,等.坚硬顶板冒落的离层遥测预报系统研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1705-1709.TAN Yunliang,HE Kongxiang,MA Zhisheng,et al.Researches on remote monitoring and forecasting system for hard roof fall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1705-1709.
[8]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818-824.YANG Chengxiang,LUO Zhouquan,TANG Lizhong.Study on rule of geostatic activity based on microseismic monitoring technique in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):818-824.
[9]SHEN B,KING A,GUO H.Displacement,stress and seismicity in roadway roofs during mining-induced failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2008,45:672-688.
[10]连清望,宋选民,顾铁凤.矿井顶板失稳及来压预警的数学模型及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):517-523.LIAN Qingwang,SONG Xuanmin,GU Tiefeng.The mathematic model of roof unstability and weighting pre-warning in mine and its application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):517-523.
[11]张强勇,陈旭光,林波,等.深部巷道围岩分区破裂三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1757-1766.ZHANG Qiangyong,CHEN Xuguang,LIN Bo,et al.Study of 3D geomechanical model test of zonal disintegration of surrounding rock of deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(9):1757-1766.
[12]勾攀峰,张振普,韦四江.不同水平应力作用下巷道围岩破坏特征的物理模拟试验[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(10):1328-1332.GOU Panfeng,ZHANG Zhenpu,WEI Sijiang.Physical simulation test of damage character of surrounding rock under different levels of the horizontal stress[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(10):1328-1332.
[13]FEKETE S,DIEDERICHS M,LATO M.Geotechnical and operational applications for 3-dimensional laser scanning in drill and blast tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25:614-628.
[14]刘志新,刘树才,刘仰光.矿井富水体的瞬变电磁场物理模型实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):259-266.LIU Zhixin,LIU Shucai,LIU Yangguang.Research on transient electromagnetic field of mine water-bearing structure by physical model experiment[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):259-266.
[15]杨宝全,张林,陈建叶,等.小湾高拱坝整体稳定三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2087-2093.YANG Baoquan,ZHANG Lin,CHEN Jianye,et al.Experimental study of 3D geomechanical model for global stability of Xiaowan high arch dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2087-2093.
[16]李术才,王德超,王琦,等.深部厚顶煤巷道大型地质力学模型试验系统研制与应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1522-1530.LI Shucai,WANG Dechao,WANG Qi,et al.Development and application of large-scale geomechanical model test system for deep thick top coal roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1522-1530.
[17]林志斌,李元海,高文艺,等.非构造应力下圆形巷道的内部变形破裂规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):491-497.LIN Zhibin,LI Yuanhai,GAO Wenyi,et al.Research on the law of internal deformation and cracking of circular tunnels under non-tectonic stress[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):491-497.
[18]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.