高速列车气动噪声源远场噪声贡献度研究
|
摘要
建立3辆车编组高速列车气动噪声计算模型,包括1辆头车、1辆中间车、1辆尾车、6个转向架和1个受电弓,利用标准k-ε湍流模型和大涡模拟分别计算列车的外部稳态和瞬态流场,并基于瞬态流场用FWH方法计算高速列车远场气动噪声。计算单个转向架、全部6个转向架、车体头部、车体尾部、车体中间部、全部车体、受电弓、列车整体分别为噪声源时的远场辐射噪声,分析这些噪声源对远场噪声评估点的总声压级,以及不同噪声源对远场噪声的贡献,以验证局部气动噪声源对远场辐射噪声与整体噪声源之间的叠加关系。计算结果表明:车体是高速列车远场辐射噪声的主要噪声源,其次是受电弓,转向架对远场辐射噪声影响相对较小;从局部噪声源来看,车体头部、受电弓、头部第1个转向架是高速列车远场辐射噪声的主要噪声源;各局部气动噪声源远场噪声的叠加值与整体气动噪声源远场噪声一致,验证了高速列车整体噪声源与其包括的各局部噪声源符合声源叠加原理。
The computational model for the aerodynamic noise of a three-car formation high-speed train was established,including a head car,a middle car,a tail car,apantograph and 6 bogies.The external steady and transient flow fields of trains were calculated by using the standard turbulence model and large eddy simulation(LES),respectively.Based on transient flow field,the far-field aerodynamic noise of highspeed train was calculated by FW-H method.The far-field radiation noises were calculated respectively under the noise sources of a single bogie,all 6 bogies,the head of car body,the tail of car body,the middle of car body,the whole car body,pantograph and the whole train.The overall sound pressure levels of these noise sources at the far-field noise evaluation points and the contributions of different noise sources to far-field noises were analyzed so as to verify the superposition relationship between the local aerodynamic noise source,the far-field radiation noise and the overall noise source.Calculation results show that the car body is the main noise source for the far-field radiation noise of high-speed train,followed by pantograph,and the influence of bogie is relatively small.From local noise sources,the head of car body,pantograph and the first bogie at the head car are the main noise sources for the far-field radiation noise of high-speed train.The superposition of far-field noises of each local aerodynamic noise source is consistent with the farfield noises of the whole aerodynamic noise source.It is verified that the whole noise sources and all local noise sources of high-speed train conform to the superposition principle of noise source.
The computational model for the aerodynamic noise of a three-car formation high-speed train was established,including a head car,a middle car,a tail car,apantograph and 6 bogies.The external steady and transient flow fields of trains were calculated by using the standard turbulence model and large eddy simulation(LES),respectively.Based on transient flow field,the far-field aerodynamic noise of highspeed train was calculated by FW-H method.The far-field radiation noises were calculated respectively under the noise sources of a single bogie,all 6 bogies,the head of car body,the tail of car body,the middle of car body,the whole car body,pantograph and the whole train.The overall sound pressure levels of these noise sources at the far-field noise evaluation points and the contributions of different noise sources to far-field noises were analyzed so as to verify the superposition relationship between the local aerodynamic noise source,the far-field radiation noise and the overall noise source.Calculation results show that the car body is the main noise source for the far-field radiation noise of high-speed train,followed by pantograph,and the influence of bogie is relatively small.From local noise sources,the head of car body,pantograph and the first bogie at the head car are the main noise sources for the far-field radiation noise of high-speed train.The superposition of far-field noises of each local aerodynamic noise source is consistent with the farfield noises of the whole aerodynamic noise source.It is verified that the whole noise sources and all local noise sources of high-speed train conform to the superposition principle of noise source.
引文
[1]MELLETA C,LE′TOURNEAUXA F,OISSONB F,et al.High Speed Train Noise Emission:Latest Investigation of the Aerodynamic/Rolling Noise Contribution[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(3-5):535-546.
[2]NAGAKURA K.Localization of Aerodynamic Noise Sources of Shinkansen Trains[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(3-5):547-556.
[3]高阳,王毅刚,王金田.声学风洞中的高速列车模型气动噪声试验研究[J].声学技术,2013,32(6):506-510.(GAO Yang,WANG Yigang,WANG Jintian.Testing Study of Aerodynamic Noise for High Speed Train Model in Aero-Acoustic Wind Tunnel[J].Technical Acoustics,2013,32(6):506-510.in Chinese)
[4]KURITA T.Development of External-Noise Reduction Technologies for Shinkansen High-Speed Trains[J].Journal of Environment and Engineering,2011,6(4):805-819.
[5]HE Bin,XIAO Xinbiao,ZHOU Qiang.Investigation Into External Noise of a High-Speed Train at Different Speeds[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Science A,2014,15(12):1019-1033.
[6]张亚东,张继业,李田.高速列车整车气动噪声声源特性分析及降噪研究[J].铁道学报,2016,38(7):40-48.(ZHANG Yadong,ZHANG Jiye,LI Tian.Research on Aerodynamic Noise Source Characterization and Noise Reduction of High-Speed Trains Vehicle[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(7):40-48.in Chinese)
[7]郑拯宇,李人宪.高速列车表面气动噪声偶极子声源分布数值分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(6):996-1002.(ZHENG Zhengyu,LI Renxian.Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Dipole Source on High-Speed Train Surface[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2011,46(6):996-1002.in Chinese)
[8]张军,孙帮成,郭涛.高速列车整车气动噪声及分布规律研究[J].铁道学报,2015,37(2):10-17.(ZHANG Jun,SUN Bangcheng,GUO Tao.Research on Aerodynamic Noise Radiated from the Whole Body Surface of High-Speed Train and Its Distribution[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2015,37(2):10-17.in Chinese)
[9]孙振旭,宋婧婧,安亦然.CRH3型高速列车气动噪声数值模拟研究[J].北京大学学报,2012,48(5):701-711.(SUN Zhenxu,SONG Jingjing,AN Yiran.Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Noise Generated by CRH3High Speed Trains[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2012,48(5):701-711.in Chinese)
[10]张亚东,张继业,李田.拖车转向架气动噪声数值研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(16):106-116.(ZHANG Yadong,ZHANG Jiye,LI Tian.Numerical Research on Aerodynamic Noise of Trailer Bogie[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(16):106-116.in Chinese)
[11]李辉,肖新标,朱旻昊.高速列车车厢连接处气动噪声特性初探[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(6):109-114.(LI Hui,XIAO Xinbiao,ZHU Minhao.Analysis on Aerodynamic Noise in Inter-Coach Space of High-Speed Train[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(6):109-114.in Chinese)
[12]王成强,邢海英,郑继峰.基于CAA的高速动车组气动噪声仿真研究[J].华东交通大学学报,2015,32(1):9-15.(WANG Chengqiang,XING Haiying,ZHENG Jifeng.Simulation Study on Aerodynamic Noise of the High Speed Trains Based on CAA[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2015,32(1):9-15.in Chinese)
[13]杜健,梁建英,田爱琴.高速列车受电弓气动噪声特性分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(5):935-941.(DU Jian,LIANG Jianying,TIAN Aiqin.Analysis of Aeroacoustics Characteristics for Pantograph of High-Speed Trains[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(5):935-941.in Chinese)
[14]董继蕾,沈火明.高速列车车顶受电弓气动噪声仿真研究[J].四川理工学院学报,2016,29(2):56-60.(DONG Jilei,SHEN Huoming.Simulation Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise for Pantograph of High-Speed Train[J].Journal of Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,2016,29(2):56-60.in Chinese)
[15]黄莎,杨明智,李志伟,等.高速列车转向架部位气动噪声数值模拟及降噪研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(12):3899-3904.(HUANG Sha,YANG Mingzhi,LI Zhiwei,et al.Aerodynamic Noise Numerical Simulation and Noise Reduction of High-Speed Train Bogie Section[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(12):3899-3904.in Chinese)
[16]Toshiki KITAGAWA.新干线车辆高速运行时滚动噪声和空气动力噪声对车辆下部总噪声的贡献[J].国外铁道车辆,2015,52(2):27-33.(Toshiki KITAGAWA.Contribution of Rolling Noise and Aerodynamic Noise to the Total Noise Generated from the Lower Part of Shinkansen Cars Running at High-Speed[J].Foreign Railway Vehicles,2015,52(2):27-33.in Chinese)
[17]袁旻忞,Anne SHEN,鲁帆.高速列车运行工况下噪声传递路径及声源贡献量分析[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(21):189-196.(YUAN Minmin,SHEN Anne,LU Fan.Operational Transfer Path Analysis and Noise Sources Contribution for China Railway High-Speed(CRH)[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(21):189-196.in Chinese)
[18]苏卫青,潘晓岩,叶平.高速铁路声屏障声学计算模式研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(1):126-130.(SU Weiqing,PAN Xiaoyan,YE Ping.The Study of Acoustic Computing Model for the Noise Barrier of High-Speed Railway[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(1):126-130.in Chinese)
[19]International Standard.Railway Applications-Acoustics Measurement of Noise Emitted by Railbound Vehicles(ISO3095:2005)[E].Switzerland:the International Organization for Standardization,2005.
[20]江文成,张怀新,孟堃宇.基于边界元理论求解水下潜艇流噪声的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(4):453-459.(JIANG Wencheng,ZHANG Huaixin,MENG Kunyu.Research on the Flow Noise of Underwater Submarine Based on Boundary Element Method[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,28(4):453-459.in Chinese)
[21]王春旭,吴崇建,陈乐佳,等.流致噪声机理及预报方法研究综述[J].中国舰船研究,2016,11(1):57-71.(WANG Chunxu,WU Chongjian,CHEN Lejia,et al.A Comprehensive Review on the Mechanism of Flow-Induced Noise and Related Prediction Methods[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2016,11(1):57-71.in Chinese)
[2]NAGAKURA K.Localization of Aerodynamic Noise Sources of Shinkansen Trains[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(3-5):547-556.
[3]高阳,王毅刚,王金田.声学风洞中的高速列车模型气动噪声试验研究[J].声学技术,2013,32(6):506-510.(GAO Yang,WANG Yigang,WANG Jintian.Testing Study of Aerodynamic Noise for High Speed Train Model in Aero-Acoustic Wind Tunnel[J].Technical Acoustics,2013,32(6):506-510.in Chinese)
[4]KURITA T.Development of External-Noise Reduction Technologies for Shinkansen High-Speed Trains[J].Journal of Environment and Engineering,2011,6(4):805-819.
[5]HE Bin,XIAO Xinbiao,ZHOU Qiang.Investigation Into External Noise of a High-Speed Train at Different Speeds[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Science A,2014,15(12):1019-1033.
[6]张亚东,张继业,李田.高速列车整车气动噪声声源特性分析及降噪研究[J].铁道学报,2016,38(7):40-48.(ZHANG Yadong,ZHANG Jiye,LI Tian.Research on Aerodynamic Noise Source Characterization and Noise Reduction of High-Speed Trains Vehicle[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(7):40-48.in Chinese)
[7]郑拯宇,李人宪.高速列车表面气动噪声偶极子声源分布数值分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(6):996-1002.(ZHENG Zhengyu,LI Renxian.Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Dipole Source on High-Speed Train Surface[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2011,46(6):996-1002.in Chinese)
[8]张军,孙帮成,郭涛.高速列车整车气动噪声及分布规律研究[J].铁道学报,2015,37(2):10-17.(ZHANG Jun,SUN Bangcheng,GUO Tao.Research on Aerodynamic Noise Radiated from the Whole Body Surface of High-Speed Train and Its Distribution[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2015,37(2):10-17.in Chinese)
[9]孙振旭,宋婧婧,安亦然.CRH3型高速列车气动噪声数值模拟研究[J].北京大学学报,2012,48(5):701-711.(SUN Zhenxu,SONG Jingjing,AN Yiran.Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Noise Generated by CRH3High Speed Trains[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2012,48(5):701-711.in Chinese)
[10]张亚东,张继业,李田.拖车转向架气动噪声数值研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(16):106-116.(ZHANG Yadong,ZHANG Jiye,LI Tian.Numerical Research on Aerodynamic Noise of Trailer Bogie[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(16):106-116.in Chinese)
[11]李辉,肖新标,朱旻昊.高速列车车厢连接处气动噪声特性初探[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(6):109-114.(LI Hui,XIAO Xinbiao,ZHU Minhao.Analysis on Aerodynamic Noise in Inter-Coach Space of High-Speed Train[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(6):109-114.in Chinese)
[12]王成强,邢海英,郑继峰.基于CAA的高速动车组气动噪声仿真研究[J].华东交通大学学报,2015,32(1):9-15.(WANG Chengqiang,XING Haiying,ZHENG Jifeng.Simulation Study on Aerodynamic Noise of the High Speed Trains Based on CAA[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2015,32(1):9-15.in Chinese)
[13]杜健,梁建英,田爱琴.高速列车受电弓气动噪声特性分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2015,50(5):935-941.(DU Jian,LIANG Jianying,TIAN Aiqin.Analysis of Aeroacoustics Characteristics for Pantograph of High-Speed Trains[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2015,50(5):935-941.in Chinese)
[14]董继蕾,沈火明.高速列车车顶受电弓气动噪声仿真研究[J].四川理工学院学报,2016,29(2):56-60.(DONG Jilei,SHEN Huoming.Simulation Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise for Pantograph of High-Speed Train[J].Journal of Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,2016,29(2):56-60.in Chinese)
[15]黄莎,杨明智,李志伟,等.高速列车转向架部位气动噪声数值模拟及降噪研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(12):3899-3904.(HUANG Sha,YANG Mingzhi,LI Zhiwei,et al.Aerodynamic Noise Numerical Simulation and Noise Reduction of High-Speed Train Bogie Section[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(12):3899-3904.in Chinese)
[16]Toshiki KITAGAWA.新干线车辆高速运行时滚动噪声和空气动力噪声对车辆下部总噪声的贡献[J].国外铁道车辆,2015,52(2):27-33.(Toshiki KITAGAWA.Contribution of Rolling Noise and Aerodynamic Noise to the Total Noise Generated from the Lower Part of Shinkansen Cars Running at High-Speed[J].Foreign Railway Vehicles,2015,52(2):27-33.in Chinese)
[17]袁旻忞,Anne SHEN,鲁帆.高速列车运行工况下噪声传递路径及声源贡献量分析[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(21):189-196.(YUAN Minmin,SHEN Anne,LU Fan.Operational Transfer Path Analysis and Noise Sources Contribution for China Railway High-Speed(CRH)[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(21):189-196.in Chinese)
[18]苏卫青,潘晓岩,叶平.高速铁路声屏障声学计算模式研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(1):126-130.(SU Weiqing,PAN Xiaoyan,YE Ping.The Study of Acoustic Computing Model for the Noise Barrier of High-Speed Railway[J].China Railway Science,2013,34(1):126-130.in Chinese)
[19]International Standard.Railway Applications-Acoustics Measurement of Noise Emitted by Railbound Vehicles(ISO3095:2005)[E].Switzerland:the International Organization for Standardization,2005.
[20]江文成,张怀新,孟堃宇.基于边界元理论求解水下潜艇流噪声的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2013,28(4):453-459.(JIANG Wencheng,ZHANG Huaixin,MENG Kunyu.Research on the Flow Noise of Underwater Submarine Based on Boundary Element Method[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2013,28(4):453-459.in Chinese)
[21]王春旭,吴崇建,陈乐佳,等.流致噪声机理及预报方法研究综述[J].中国舰船研究,2016,11(1):57-71.(WANG Chunxu,WU Chongjian,CHEN Lejia,et al.A Comprehensive Review on the Mechanism of Flow-Induced Noise and Related Prediction Methods[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2016,11(1):57-71.in Chinese)