分蘖期低温胁迫下施用外源物质对寒地粳稻生长发育及产量形成的影响
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摘要
分蘖期低温胁迫导致水稻发育不良,产量下降。γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、水杨酸(SA)和脯氨酸(Pro)对逆境条件下作物生长发育具有重要调节作用。为探讨分蘖期低温胁迫下施用GABA、SA和Pro对寒地粳稻生长发育及产量形成影响,采用3个独立裂区设计,分别以GABA、SA和Pro浓度为主区,水稻品种(耐冷品种东农428和冷敏感品种松粳10)为副区。正常灌溉为对照,于分蘖期低温灌溉10 d,同时施用不同浓度3种外源物质。结果表明,与分蘖期低温胁迫相比,3种外源物质处理下寒地粳稻分蘖数、株高、叶面积指数、有效(高效)叶面积率、光合势、干物质积累及产量均有增加。外源施用2 mmol·L-1GABA、2 mmol·L-1SA和30 mmol·L-1Pro处理下东农428和松粳10增产幅度最高,为分蘖期低温胁迫下各外源物质最适浓度。
Low-temperature stress at the tillering stage resulted in delayed growth, poor development and reduced yield of the rice. γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), salicylic acid(SA) and proline(Pro) play important regulating roles in the growth and development of crops under adverse conditions.In order to investigate the effects of GABA, SA and Pro application on the growth and development and yield formation of rice in cold-region under low-temperature stress at the tillering stage, three independent split-plot tests were used in this study, with the concentrations of GABA, SA and Pro as the main plots, and the rice varieties(cold-tolerant varieties Dongnong428 and cold-sensitive varieties Songjing10 as the subzones). Normal irrigation was used as the control group and cold-water irrigation was carried out for 10 d at the tillering stage. At the same time, three exogenous substances with different concentrations were applied. The results showed that compared with the low-temperature stress at the tillering stage, three exogenous substances increased the tiller numbers, plant height, leaf area index, efficient and high efficient leaf area ratio, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation and the yield of rice in cold-region. In addition, exogenous application of 2 mmol · L-1 GABA, 2 mmol · L-1 SA and 30 mmol · L-1 Pro resulted in the highest yield increase of Dongnong428 and Songjing10, which was proved to be the optimum concentration for each exogenous substance under low-temperature stress at the tillering stage.
Low-temperature stress at the tillering stage resulted in delayed growth, poor development and reduced yield of the rice. γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), salicylic acid(SA) and proline(Pro) play important regulating roles in the growth and development of crops under adverse conditions.In order to investigate the effects of GABA, SA and Pro application on the growth and development and yield formation of rice in cold-region under low-temperature stress at the tillering stage, three independent split-plot tests were used in this study, with the concentrations of GABA, SA and Pro as the main plots, and the rice varieties(cold-tolerant varieties Dongnong428 and cold-sensitive varieties Songjing10 as the subzones). Normal irrigation was used as the control group and cold-water irrigation was carried out for 10 d at the tillering stage. At the same time, three exogenous substances with different concentrations were applied. The results showed that compared with the low-temperature stress at the tillering stage, three exogenous substances increased the tiller numbers, plant height, leaf area index, efficient and high efficient leaf area ratio, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation and the yield of rice in cold-region. In addition, exogenous application of 2 mmol · L-1 GABA, 2 mmol · L-1 SA and 30 mmol · L-1 Pro resulted in the highest yield increase of Dongnong428 and Songjing10, which was proved to be the optimum concentration for each exogenous substance under low-temperature stress at the tillering stage.
引文
[1]王立志,王春艳,李忠杰,等.黑龙江水稻冷害Ⅳ分蘖期低温对水稻分蘖的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009(4):18-20.
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[3]王艳春,王士强,赵海红.寒地水稻冷害减产原因与生理机制的研究进展[J].现代化农业,2009(9):7-8.
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[5]郑舒文,徐其隆,邹华文.γ-氨基丁酸对渍水胁迫下小麦产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(1):31-33.
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[8]夏庆平,高洪波,李敬蕊.γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):999-1006.
[9]Praviz M,Jalil K,Reza H.Effect of exogenous GAMA-aminobutyric acid on physiological tolerance of wheat seedlings exposed to chilling stress[J].Iran J Plant Physiol,2012,3(1):611-617.
[10]姜籽竹.低温胁迫下水杨酸对玉米幼苗生理生化特性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[11]徐芬芬,叶利民,付淑琴.外源水杨酸对水稻幼苗抗冷性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(1):18-20.
[12]方秀琴,全成哲,都兴林.低温下水杨酸对水稻秧苗生理生化特性的影响[J].北华大学学报:自然科学版,2009,10(5):453-456.
[13]朱虹,祖元刚,王文杰,等.逆境胁迫条件下脯氨酸对植物生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(4):86-89.
[14]肖伏娥,胡扬.外源脯氨酸与水稻幼苗的抗寒性[J].湖南农学院学报,1988,14(2):15-19.
[15]贾琰,沈阳,邹德堂,等.孕穗期冷水灌溉对寒地粳稻籽粒灌浆及其氮素积累的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(3):259-272.
[16]刘瑞华,崔贞玉,冯权,等.水稻分蘖期的温度条件与适宜栽培密度的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1993(2):40-43.
[17]朱海霞,李秀芬,王萍,等.黑龙江省水稻生长季积温计算方法[J].应用气象学报,2017,28(2):247-256.
[18]赵振东,赵宏伟,邹德堂,等.分蘖期冷水胁迫对水稻生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(11):30-34.
[19]王晓冬,解备涛,谭伟明,等.γ-氨基丁酸对冬小麦籽粒灌浆期耐热性及产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(4):623-626.
[20]Sanaa A M Z,Mostafa M A,Shehata S A M.Physiological studies on the effect of kinetin and salicylic acid on growth and yield of wheat plant[J].Annals of Agricultural Science,2006,51(1):41-55.
[21]Ashraf M,Foolad M R.Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,59(2):206-216.
[22]黄娟.外源GABA对温度胁迫下黄瓜生长的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[23]代其林.水杨酸对低温下水稻幼苗生理生化特性的影响[D].成都:四川大学,2004.
[24]Posmyk M M,Janas K M.Effects of seed hydropriming in presence of exogenous proline on chilling injury limitation in Vigna radiata L.seedlings[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2007,29(6):509-517.
[25]Jia Y,Zou D,Wang J,et al.Effects ofγ-Aminobutyric Acid,glutamic acid,and calcium chloride on rice(Oryza sativa L.)under cold stress during the early vegetative stage[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2017,36(1):240-253.
[26]Chen T,Zhao X,Zhang C,et al.Application of salicylic acid improves filling of inferior grains of rice during late maturity under mild cold stress[J].Crop Science,2017,57(4):240-253.
[27]颜志明.外源脯氨酸提高甜瓜幼苗耐盐性的生理调节功能[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[28]沙汉景,胡文成,贾琰,等.外源水杨酸、脯氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(11):1680-1691.
[2]赵振东.分蘖期不同天数冷水胁迫下寒地粳稻产量形成机理的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[3]王艳春,王士强,赵海红.寒地水稻冷害减产原因与生理机制的研究进展[J].现代化农业,2009(9):7-8.
[4]耿立清,张凤鸣,许显滨,等.低温冷害对黑龙江水稻生产的影响及防御对策[J].中国稻米,2004,10(5):33-34.
[5]郑舒文,徐其隆,邹华文.γ-氨基丁酸对渍水胁迫下小麦产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(1):31-33.
[6]Janda T,Szalai G,Tari I,et al.Hydroponic treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effects of chilling injury in maize(Zea mays L.)plants[J].Planta,1999,208(2):175-180.
[7]宋敏,徐文竞,彭向永,等.外源脯氨酸对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):129-134.
[8]夏庆平,高洪波,李敬蕊.γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):999-1006.
[9]Praviz M,Jalil K,Reza H.Effect of exogenous GAMA-aminobutyric acid on physiological tolerance of wheat seedlings exposed to chilling stress[J].Iran J Plant Physiol,2012,3(1):611-617.
[10]姜籽竹.低温胁迫下水杨酸对玉米幼苗生理生化特性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[11]徐芬芬,叶利民,付淑琴.外源水杨酸对水稻幼苗抗冷性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(1):18-20.
[12]方秀琴,全成哲,都兴林.低温下水杨酸对水稻秧苗生理生化特性的影响[J].北华大学学报:自然科学版,2009,10(5):453-456.
[13]朱虹,祖元刚,王文杰,等.逆境胁迫条件下脯氨酸对植物生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(4):86-89.
[14]肖伏娥,胡扬.外源脯氨酸与水稻幼苗的抗寒性[J].湖南农学院学报,1988,14(2):15-19.
[15]贾琰,沈阳,邹德堂,等.孕穗期冷水灌溉对寒地粳稻籽粒灌浆及其氮素积累的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(3):259-272.
[16]刘瑞华,崔贞玉,冯权,等.水稻分蘖期的温度条件与适宜栽培密度的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1993(2):40-43.
[17]朱海霞,李秀芬,王萍,等.黑龙江省水稻生长季积温计算方法[J].应用气象学报,2017,28(2):247-256.
[18]赵振东,赵宏伟,邹德堂,等.分蘖期冷水胁迫对水稻生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(11):30-34.
[19]王晓冬,解备涛,谭伟明,等.γ-氨基丁酸对冬小麦籽粒灌浆期耐热性及产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2009,29(4):623-626.
[20]Sanaa A M Z,Mostafa M A,Shehata S A M.Physiological studies on the effect of kinetin and salicylic acid on growth and yield of wheat plant[J].Annals of Agricultural Science,2006,51(1):41-55.
[21]Ashraf M,Foolad M R.Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2007,59(2):206-216.
[22]黄娟.外源GABA对温度胁迫下黄瓜生长的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[23]代其林.水杨酸对低温下水稻幼苗生理生化特性的影响[D].成都:四川大学,2004.
[24]Posmyk M M,Janas K M.Effects of seed hydropriming in presence of exogenous proline on chilling injury limitation in Vigna radiata L.seedlings[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2007,29(6):509-517.
[25]Jia Y,Zou D,Wang J,et al.Effects ofγ-Aminobutyric Acid,glutamic acid,and calcium chloride on rice(Oryza sativa L.)under cold stress during the early vegetative stage[J].Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2017,36(1):240-253.
[26]Chen T,Zhao X,Zhang C,et al.Application of salicylic acid improves filling of inferior grains of rice during late maturity under mild cold stress[J].Crop Science,2017,57(4):240-253.
[27]颜志明.外源脯氨酸提高甜瓜幼苗耐盐性的生理调节功能[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[28]沙汉景,胡文成,贾琰,等.外源水杨酸、脯氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(11):1680-1691.