时空参考框架普适化表达
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摘要
随着GIS研究领域拓展,空间信息系统面临着全尺度、全类型、全动态表达等挑战,而"全空间信息系统"则成为应对上述挑战的有效途径。时空参考框架是人类时空观的量化表达,面对不同尺度、不同范畴的研究对象,全空间信息系统时空参考框架面临着表达尺度、基准变换以及时空一体化等方面的问题,亟需探索普适化、归一化的时空参考框架表达与转换方法。本文通过对已有一维、二维、三维以及时空参考框架的定义、表达方式的分析与比较,尝试提出时空参考框架普适化表达方法,该表达不仅适用于数学定量表达,也适用于语义模糊表达,为在更广泛的意义上实现时空表达提供了借鉴;同时,基于现实世界的分维、分形特征,利用上述普适化表达方法,通过对时空参考框架时间维、空间维的变换方法研究,探索了以递归计算的方式实现时空参考框架的归一化表达,实现了全空间时空参考框架的全尺度、全维度变换。
Along with the increasing expansion of GIS in diverse application fields, spatial information systems face a variety of challenges, such as full-scale, full-category and full dynamics. Pan-spatial information system is an effective way to deal with the challenges mentioned above, in which spatial-temporal reference framework(STRF) is the core for the quantitative representation for humans view of time and space. When handling objects of study with different scales and in different domains, the STRF in pan-spatial information system has various difficulties including descriptive scale, datum transformation, as well as integration of space and time. Thus, there is a huge demand for the development of a generic and unitary approach for the description and transformation of STRF. Through comparison and analysis on current STRFs in 1-, 2-, 3-or even higher dimensions, a new ubiquitous STRF is put forward in this study. In fact, the proposed ubiquitous representation of STRS in pan-space is applicable to the corresponding mathematical quantitative description and the related representa-tion of semantic vagueness. Thus, it provides reference for spatial-temporal representation in a broad sense. Meanwhile,based on fractal dimension characteristics extensively available in the real world and the proposed ubiquitous representation method, a unitary representation of STRF is investigated by making use of recursive computation. A full-scale and full-dimensional transformation of STRF is then realized in the pan-space.
Along with the increasing expansion of GIS in diverse application fields, spatial information systems face a variety of challenges, such as full-scale, full-category and full dynamics. Pan-spatial information system is an effective way to deal with the challenges mentioned above, in which spatial-temporal reference framework(STRF) is the core for the quantitative representation for humans view of time and space. When handling objects of study with different scales and in different domains, the STRF in pan-spatial information system has various difficulties including descriptive scale, datum transformation, as well as integration of space and time. Thus, there is a huge demand for the development of a generic and unitary approach for the description and transformation of STRF. Through comparison and analysis on current STRFs in 1-, 2-, 3-or even higher dimensions, a new ubiquitous STRF is put forward in this study. In fact, the proposed ubiquitous representation of STRS in pan-space is applicable to the corresponding mathematical quantitative description and the related representa-tion of semantic vagueness. Thus, it provides reference for spatial-temporal representation in a broad sense. Meanwhile,based on fractal dimension characteristics extensively available in the real world and the proposed ubiquitous representation method, a unitary representation of STRF is investigated by making use of recursive computation. A full-scale and full-dimensional transformation of STRF is then realized in the pan-space.
引文
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[17]王家耀,魏海平,成毅,等.时空GIS的研究与进展.海洋测绘,2004,24(5):1-4.[Wang J Y,Wei H P,Cheng Y,et.al.The research and progress of spatio-temporal GIS[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2004,24(5):1-4.]
[2]肖乐斌,钟耳顺,刘纪远,等.三维GIS的基本问题探讨[J].中国图象图形学报,2001,6(9):30-36.[Xiao L B,Zhong E S,Liu J Y,et al.A discussion on basic problems of 3DGIS[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2001,6(9):30-36.]
[3]陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.[Chen S P,Lu X J,Zhou C H.Introduction to geographic information systems[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.]
[4]华一新.全空间信息系统的核心问题与关键技术[J].测绘科学技术学报,2016,33(4):331-335.[Hua Y X.The core problems and key technologies of pan-spatial information system[J].Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology2016,33(4):331-335.]
[5]周成虎.全空间信息系统展望[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(2):129-131.[Zhou C H.Prospects on pan-spatial information system[J].Progress in Geography,2015,34(2):129-131.]
[6]牛顿著.王克迪译.自然哲学之数学原理[M].北京:北京大学出版,2006.[Isaac Newton.translated by Wang Kedi Mathematical principles,of natural philosophy[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2006.]
[7]徐志红,边馥苓,陈江平.基于事件语义的时态GIS模型[J]武汉大学学报?信息科学版,2002,27(3):311-315[Xu Z H,Bian F L,Chen J P.Spatiotemporal GIS mode based on event semantic[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2002,27(3):311-315.]
[8]殷业.牛顿绝对时空观和爱因斯坦相对时空观的统一[J]吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011(1):56-61[Yin Y.Unification of Newtons absolute space-time viewpoint and Einsteins Relative Space-time Viewpoint[J].Jilin Normal University Journal(Natural Science Edition)2011,1:56-61.]
[9]孔祥元,郭际明,刘宗泉,等.大地测量学基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2010.[Kong X Y,Guo J M,Liu Z Q,e al.Foundation of Geodesy[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2010.]
[10]Goodchild M F.Geographic Information Systems and Science:Today and Tomorrow[J].Annals of GIS,2009,15(1):3-9.
[11]郑祖芳.分布式并行时空索引技术研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2014.[Zheng Z F.Research on distributed parallel time and space index technology[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2014.]
[12]陈彦光,陈文惠.GIS与地理现象的分形研究[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),1998(2):96-101.[Chen Y G,Chen W H.Fractal study of GIS and geographical phenomena[J].Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Sceience),1998,2:96-101.]
[13]肯尼思.法尔科内.分形几何-数学基础及其应用[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2013.[Kenneth Falco.Fractal geometry-mathematical foundations and applications[M].Shenyang:Northeastern University Press,2013.]
[14]陈维恒.微分几何初步[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1990.[Chen W H.Preliminary differential geometry[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,1990.]
[15]张汉义,邱奎宁.IFC技术标准系列文章之二:IFC标准形状表达及空间结构实例介绍[J].土木建筑工程信息技术,2010,2(2):83-86.[Zhang H Y,Qiu K N.An introduction to shape representation and spatial structure of IFCby Instances[J].Journal of Information Technology in Civil Engineering and Architecture,2010,2(2):83-86.]
[16]Thomas H.Cormen等著,潘金贵等译.算法导论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.[Thomas H,Cormen,et al,translated by Pan J G.Introduction to algorithms[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2006.]
[17]王家耀,魏海平,成毅,等.时空GIS的研究与进展.海洋测绘,2004,24(5):1-4.[Wang J Y,Wei H P,Cheng Y,et.al.The research and progress of spatio-temporal GIS[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2004,24(5):1-4.]