社会网络强弱关系对互联网创业融资绩效影响研究
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摘要
基于社会嵌入理论,引入强关系与弱关系社会网络特性变量,揭示其对创业融资绩效的影响。借助数据挖掘技术生成1 517个创业项目信息及其创业者个人信息的截面数据库,研究发现:创业者强关系社会网络成员创业经验、教育水平,可通过影响创业者弱关系社会网络成员创业经验、教育水平,间接地影响创业者创业项目绩效水平;同时,创业者自身的创业经验、教育水平能够降低创业者对于外部社会网络关系的依赖,从而对上述创业者强、弱关系社会网络成员创业经验、教育水平产生影响,并对创业者创业项目的影响起到调节作用。
Based on the theory of social embedding, this study analyses the relationship between the strong and weak ties to explain the conflict between the reality and the theory of the social network embeddedness, and reveals its impact on entrepreneurial financing performance. Data mining technology is employed to generate a cross-section database of 1, 517 entrepreneurial projects information and personal information of entrepreneurs. This study finds out that entrepreneurial performance is indirectly influenced by entrepreneurial experience and education level of social network strong-tie members through those of social network weak-tie members. And the entrepreneurs' education level can reduce their dependence on the relationship between external social networks, so that it plays a moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and education level of social network strong-tie and weak-tie members which we have described, and then entrepreneurial performance.
Based on the theory of social embedding, this study analyses the relationship between the strong and weak ties to explain the conflict between the reality and the theory of the social network embeddedness, and reveals its impact on entrepreneurial financing performance. Data mining technology is employed to generate a cross-section database of 1, 517 entrepreneurial projects information and personal information of entrepreneurs. This study finds out that entrepreneurial performance is indirectly influenced by entrepreneurial experience and education level of social network strong-tie members through those of social network weak-tie members. And the entrepreneurs' education level can reduce their dependence on the relationship between external social networks, so that it plays a moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and education level of social network strong-tie and weak-tie members which we have described, and then entrepreneurial performance.
引文
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[18] BARON R A, ENSLEY M D. Opportunity Recognition as the Detection of Meaningful Patterns:Evidence from Comparisons of Novice and Experienced Entrepreneurs[J]. Management Science, 2006, 52(9): 1 331-1 344.
[19] STEFFENS P, TERJESEN S, DAVIDSSON P. Birds of a Feather Get Lost Together: New Venture Team Composition and Performance[J]. Small Business Economics, 2012, 39(3): 727-743.
[20] KOTHA R, GEORGE G. Friends, Family, or Fools: Entrepreneur Experience and Its Implications for Equity Distribution and Resource Mobilization[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2012, 27(5): 525-543.
[21] QUAN X. Prior Experience, Social Network, and Levels of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Management Research Review, 2012, 35(10): 945-957.
[22] ROBINSON P B, SEXTON E A. The Effect of Education and Experience on Self-Employment Success[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2006, 21(2): 141-156.
[23] WITT P. Entrepreneurs’ Networks and the Success of Start-Ups[J]. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2004, 16(5): 391-412.
[24] BAER M. The Strength-of-Weak-Ties Perspective on Creativity: A Comprehensive Examination and Extension[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010, 95(3): 592-601.
[25] BAE T J, QIAN S, MIAO C, et al. The Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Meta-Analytic Review[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2014, 38(2): 217-254.
[26] STUART R W, ABETTI P A. Impact of Entrepreneurial and Management Experience on Early Performance[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1990, 5(3): 151-162.
[27] GRANOVETTER M S. The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited[J]. Sociological Theory, 1983, 1(1): 201-233.
[28] UZZI B, GILLESPIE J. Knowledge Spillover in Corporate Financing Networks: Embeddedness, Network Transitivity and Trade Credit Performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2002, 23(7): 595-618.
[29] PALLOTTI F, LOMI A. Network Influence and Organizational Performance: The Effects of Tie Strength and Structural Equivalence[J]. European Management Journal, 2011, 29(5): 389-403.
[30] MARCH J G, SHAPIRA Z. Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking[J]. Management Science, 1987, 33(11): 1 404-1 418.
[2] 刘刚,王泽宇.创业团队文化多样性与互联网创业融资——基于产品众筹数据的实证分析[J].财贸研究,2016(6): 113-128.
[3] 刘刚,王泽宇,程熙鎔.“朋友圈”优势、内群体条件与互联网创业——基于整合社会认同与嵌入理论的新视角[J].中国工业经济,2016,25(8):110-126.
[4] 严子淳,刘刚,梁晗.风险投资人社会网络中心性对新三板企业创新绩效的影响研究[J].管理学报, 2018, 15(4):523-539.
[5] 朱晓红,陈寒松,张玉利.异质性资源、创业机会与创业绩效关系研究[J].管理学报,2014,11(9):1 358-1 365.
[6] HITE J M, HESTERLY W S. The Evolution of Firm Networks: From Emergence to Early Growth of the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2001, 22(3):275-286.
[7] 朱秀梅,李明芳.创业网络特征对资源获取的动态影响——基于中国转型经济的证据[J].管理世界,2011(6):105-115,188.
[8] GRANOVETTER M. The Strength of Weak Ties[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1973, 78(6): 1 360-1 380.
[9] POLAYNI K. The Great Transformation:The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time[M]. Boston: Beacon Press, 1994.
[10] 杨震宁,李东红,范黎波.身陷“盘丝洞”:社会网络关系嵌入过度影响了创业过程吗?[J].管理世界,2013(12):101-116.
[11] RUEF M. Strong Ties, Weak Ties and Islands:Structural and Cultural Predictors of Organizational Innovation[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2002, 11(3): 427-449.
[12] KANG K H, KANG J. How Do Firms Source External Knowledge for Innovation?Analysing Effects of Different Knowledge Sourcing Methods[J]. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2009, 13(1): 1-17.
[13] 王玲玲,赵文红,魏泽龙.创业制度环境、网络关系强度对新企业组织合法性的影响研究[J].管理学报,2017,14(9):1 324-1 331.
[14] ZHAO L M, ARAM J D. Networking and Growth of Young Technology-Intensive Ventures in China[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1995, 10(5): 349-370.
[15] COHEN W M, LEVINTHAL D A. Absorptive Capacity:A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990, 35(1): 128-152.
[16] HAMBRICK D C, MASON P A. The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1984, 9(2): 193-206.
[17] GULATI R. Network Location and Learning:The Influence of Network Resources and Firm Capabilities on Alliance Formation[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1999, 20(4): 397-420.
[18] BARON R A, ENSLEY M D. Opportunity Recognition as the Detection of Meaningful Patterns:Evidence from Comparisons of Novice and Experienced Entrepreneurs[J]. Management Science, 2006, 52(9): 1 331-1 344.
[19] STEFFENS P, TERJESEN S, DAVIDSSON P. Birds of a Feather Get Lost Together: New Venture Team Composition and Performance[J]. Small Business Economics, 2012, 39(3): 727-743.
[20] KOTHA R, GEORGE G. Friends, Family, or Fools: Entrepreneur Experience and Its Implications for Equity Distribution and Resource Mobilization[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2012, 27(5): 525-543.
[21] QUAN X. Prior Experience, Social Network, and Levels of Entrepreneurial Intentions[J]. Management Research Review, 2012, 35(10): 945-957.
[22] ROBINSON P B, SEXTON E A. The Effect of Education and Experience on Self-Employment Success[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2006, 21(2): 141-156.
[23] WITT P. Entrepreneurs’ Networks and the Success of Start-Ups[J]. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2004, 16(5): 391-412.
[24] BAER M. The Strength-of-Weak-Ties Perspective on Creativity: A Comprehensive Examination and Extension[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010, 95(3): 592-601.
[25] BAE T J, QIAN S, MIAO C, et al. The Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Meta-Analytic Review[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2014, 38(2): 217-254.
[26] STUART R W, ABETTI P A. Impact of Entrepreneurial and Management Experience on Early Performance[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 1990, 5(3): 151-162.
[27] GRANOVETTER M S. The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited[J]. Sociological Theory, 1983, 1(1): 201-233.
[28] UZZI B, GILLESPIE J. Knowledge Spillover in Corporate Financing Networks: Embeddedness, Network Transitivity and Trade Credit Performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2002, 23(7): 595-618.
[29] PALLOTTI F, LOMI A. Network Influence and Organizational Performance: The Effects of Tie Strength and Structural Equivalence[J]. European Management Journal, 2011, 29(5): 389-403.
[30] MARCH J G, SHAPIRA Z. Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking[J]. Management Science, 1987, 33(11): 1 404-1 418.