遇水快速膨胀胶凝堵漏技术在长宁页岩气区块的应用
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摘要
长宁页岩气区块地表为喀斯特地貌,地下溶洞暗河发育,在表层钻进过程中地层出水严重且常发生失返性漏失。针对表层出水漏失难题,先后采用桥浆、高失水堵漏材料、水泥浆、智能凝胶等系列堵漏材料,但堵漏效果差且容易出现复漏。为此室内研发出一种遇水快速膨胀胶凝的堵漏材料,堵漏机理为"膨胀+交联+充填",堵漏材料遇到地层水后可以与其混合发生交联反应,同时发生膨胀反应,释放CO-_2气体促使堵漏材料快速膨胀数倍体积,形成不透水的无毒弹性胶状体;借助CO_2气体压力可将未固化的弹性胶状体进一步压入并充填漏层的孔隙,起到膨胀与弹性堵水的效果。通过配方优化形成遇水快速膨胀胶凝堵漏浆,性能评价表明,堵漏浆胶凝时间在15～70 min范围内可控,膨胀率为250%～350%,可以锁住3倍体积的蒸馏水和5倍体积水基钻井液;在CDL-Ⅱ型高温高压堵漏试验仪中对4～3 mm、5～4 mm模拟漏失通道承压分别达到3.8、1.7 MPa,复合桥浆堵漏后承压能力提高至6.25、5.2 MPa。现场应用一次性封堵出水漏层,提高承压能力5.8 MPa,解决表层出水漏失难题并保障了安全钻进。
Shale gas drilling in block Changning is conducted in an area with karst landform at the surface and underground cavern and underground rivers resulting in severe water kick and lost return during drilling in surface formations. To address these problems,bridging slurries, high filtration rate lost circulation material(LCM), cement slurries and smart gels were used to stop mud losses,however the results of applying these LCMs were not satisfactory, and the mud losses started again after a while of applying the LCMs.A gel that is able to fast swell when intact with water was developed in an effort to address the problems effectively and efficiently.The mechanisms of this gel are "swelling+crosslinking+filling"; when in contact with water, a crosslinking reaction takes place in the gel water mixture, and the mixture swells and releases CO_2 which makes the gel swell further to a volume that is several times of its original volume. The crosslinked gel finally becomes an elastic water-tight non-toxic gel. CO_2 inside the gel drives the non-crosslinked elastic gel into the formation pores in the thief zones, inhibiting water kick by swelling and elasticity. Laboratory evaluation of a fastswelling gel LCM formulated with optimized additives showed that the gelling time of the LCM is between 15 min and 70 min, it is able to expand to 250% to 350% of its original volume, and to block distilled water or water base drilling fluid that is 3 or 5 times by volume of the gel LCM, respectively. Test of the gel LCM on a model CDL-II HTHP LCM tester showed that, using 4-3 mm and 5-4 mm simulated channels for mud loss, the pressure bearing capacity of the plugged channels were 3.8 MPa and 1.7 MPa, respectively.Test of a compound LCM mixed with the gel LCM and a bridging LCM showed that the pressure bearing capacity of the plugged channels were increased to 6.25 MPa and 5.2 MPa, respectively. In a field application, a water production zone was plugged at the first try of the gel LCM, and the pressure bearing capacity of the plugged water production zone was increased to 5.8 MPa, resolving water production when drilling the top formations and ensuring safe drilling.
Shale gas drilling in block Changning is conducted in an area with karst landform at the surface and underground cavern and underground rivers resulting in severe water kick and lost return during drilling in surface formations. To address these problems,bridging slurries, high filtration rate lost circulation material(LCM), cement slurries and smart gels were used to stop mud losses,however the results of applying these LCMs were not satisfactory, and the mud losses started again after a while of applying the LCMs.A gel that is able to fast swell when intact with water was developed in an effort to address the problems effectively and efficiently.The mechanisms of this gel are "swelling+crosslinking+filling"; when in contact with water, a crosslinking reaction takes place in the gel water mixture, and the mixture swells and releases CO_2 which makes the gel swell further to a volume that is several times of its original volume. The crosslinked gel finally becomes an elastic water-tight non-toxic gel. CO_2 inside the gel drives the non-crosslinked elastic gel into the formation pores in the thief zones, inhibiting water kick by swelling and elasticity. Laboratory evaluation of a fastswelling gel LCM formulated with optimized additives showed that the gelling time of the LCM is between 15 min and 70 min, it is able to expand to 250% to 350% of its original volume, and to block distilled water or water base drilling fluid that is 3 or 5 times by volume of the gel LCM, respectively. Test of the gel LCM on a model CDL-II HTHP LCM tester showed that, using 4-3 mm and 5-4 mm simulated channels for mud loss, the pressure bearing capacity of the plugged channels were 3.8 MPa and 1.7 MPa, respectively.Test of a compound LCM mixed with the gel LCM and a bridging LCM showed that the pressure bearing capacity of the plugged channels were increased to 6.25 MPa and 5.2 MPa, respectively. In a field application, a water production zone was plugged at the first try of the gel LCM, and the pressure bearing capacity of the plugged water production zone was increased to 5.8 MPa, resolving water production when drilling the top formations and ensuring safe drilling.
引文
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[13]王青川,张雪芹,于波涛,等.可膨胀管堵水工艺技术研究与应用[J].油气井测试,2006,15(6):66-68.WANG Qingchuan,ZHANG Xueqin,YU Botao,et al.The research and application of water shutoff technology with solid expandable tube[J].Well Testing,2006,15(6):66-68.
[14]郑健敏,雷霖,杨红都.聚氨酯遇水膨胀弹性体防水性能研究[J].中国建筑防水,2013(2):1-4.ZHENG Jianmin,LEI Lin,YANG Hongdu.Study on waterproofing performance of water swellable polyurethane elastomer[J].China Building Waterproofing,2013(2):1-4.
[2]明显森,袁志平,宾承刚.长宁页岩气井钻井复杂情况及钻井液工艺技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2017,34(5):44-49.MING Xiansen,YUAN Zhiping,BIN Chenggang.Drilling challenges and drilling fluid technologies for shale gas drilling in Changning area[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2017,34(5):44-49.
[3]聂靖霜,王华平,王富渝.长宁威远地区页岩气大斜度水平井钻井技术研究[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(3):118-120.NIE Jinshuang,WANG Huaping,WANG Fuyu.Research on Changning-Weiyuan shale gas block highly deviated directional well drilling technology[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(3):118-120.
[4]杨力.彭水区块页岩气水平井防漏堵漏技术探讨[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(5):16-20.YANG Li.Leak prevention and plugging techniques for shale gas horizontal wells in Pengshui block[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(5):16-20.
[5]艾道安.防漏堵漏低密度水泥浆室内研究与应用[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2015,12(2):23-26.AI Daoan.Laboratory study and field application of leakproof and plugging low density cement slurry[J].Journal of Yangtze university(Natural science Edition),2015,12(2):23-26.
[6]温峥,杨双春,潘一,等.堵漏技术的研究进展[J].油田化学,2016,33(1):186-190.WEN Zheng,YANG Shuangchun,PAN Yi,et al.Research progress of plugging technology[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(1):186-190.
[7]周晨表.浅层井段堵漏治水工艺技术初探[J].钻采工艺,1992,15(1):30-32.ZHOU Chenbiao.Research on surface interval sealing water technology[J].Drilling&Production technology,1992,15(1):30-32.
[8]唐孝芬,刘玉章,刘戈辉.配套暂堵实现强凝胶堵剂的选择性堵水实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):23-26.TANG Xiaofen,LIU Yuzhang,LIU Gehui.A study on selective water shut-off with tempo-rary blocking agent and strong gel in laboratory[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):23-26.
[9]王勇,蒋官澄,杜庆福,等.超分子化学堵漏技术研究与应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(3):48-53.WANG Yong,JIANG Guancheng,DU Qingfu,et al.Study and application of supramolecule chemical LCMtechnology[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(3):48-53.
[10]胡祖彪,李德波,陈秉炜,等.智能凝胶GD-1在陕北黄土层防漏堵漏中的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2010,27(1):85-86.HU Zubiao,LI Debo,CHEN Bingwei,et al.The application of an intelligent gel GD-1 in lost circulation control in the yellow claystone formations in Shanbei[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2010,27(1):85-86.
[11]李洪顺,严立宽,文涛,等.膨胀水泥堵水工艺在英台采油厂的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1996,18(3):104-105.LI Hongshun,YAN Likuan,WEN Tao,et al.Applicaiton of swelling cementing on waterproof technology at Yintai oil extraction plant[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1996,18(3):104-105.
[12]张建国,张依华,党娟华,等.油田堵水调剖用吸水膨胀聚合物的研究[J].化学与生物工程,2004(2):41-43.ZHANG Jianguo,ZHANG Yihua,DANG Juanhua,et al.The development of plugging and profile controlling polymer in oilfield[J].Chemistry&Bioengineering,2004,21(2):41-43.
[13]王青川,张雪芹,于波涛,等.可膨胀管堵水工艺技术研究与应用[J].油气井测试,2006,15(6):66-68.WANG Qingchuan,ZHANG Xueqin,YU Botao,et al.The research and application of water shutoff technology with solid expandable tube[J].Well Testing,2006,15(6):66-68.
[14]郑健敏,雷霖,杨红都.聚氨酯遇水膨胀弹性体防水性能研究[J].中国建筑防水,2013(2):1-4.ZHENG Jianmin,LEI Lin,YANG Hongdu.Study on waterproofing performance of water swellable polyurethane elastomer[J].China Building Waterproofing,2013(2):1-4.