积雪与地表联合覆盖条件下冻融土壤水盐运移规律
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摘要
为探索石河子灌区冻融季节积雪与地表联合覆盖条件下土壤水盐运移的变化规律,2015—2016年通过田间小区试验,进行了秸秆、地膜、活性炭3种地表覆盖和裸地对照在整个季节性冻融期土壤水盐时空动态变化规律研究。结果表明;地表覆盖比裸地具有更好的保墒、降盐效果。冻结土壤完全融通后,秸秆、活性炭覆盖出现含水量增幅的最大土层范围分别是0—30,0—40cm,反映出这2种覆盖经历冻融过程后更有利于土壤水分的保持和融雪水的高效利用;活性炭、秸秆、地膜覆盖和裸地在0—30cm土层含盐量相比初始值的增幅分别为18.08%,20.30%,30.91%,32.81%,可见活性炭覆盖下抑制盐分向上运移效果最为显著,秸秆覆盖次之;经历冻融过程,土壤水分和盐分变异性随土壤深度的增加而呈现递减趋势。
In order to explore the changing rules of soil water and salt movement under the condition of snow cover and surface mulching during the freezing and thawing season in Shihezi irrigation areas,we conducted a field plot test during 2015-2016 and investigated the temporal and spatial dynamic rules of water and salt in the soil with three different surface coverings,i.e.straw,plastic film,activated carbon,and bare land,during the whole seasonal freezing and thawing period.The results suggested that surface coverage was more effective in the preservation of soil moisture and salt reduction than the bare land.After the frozen soil was fully thawed,the deepest soil layer in which the water content increased was 0-30 cm and 0-40 cm for the soil covered with straw and activated carbon,respectively,indicating that the two kinds of coverings were more beneficial to the maintenance of soil moisture and the efficient use of snowmelt water after the freezing and thawing process.Compared with the initial value,the increase in salt content in the 0-30 cm soil layer in the soil covered with activated carbon,straw,plastic film,and bare land was 18.08%,20.30%,30.91%,and32.81%,respectively,suggesting that the inhibition effect on the upward movement of salt by activated carbon coverage was the most significant,followed by straw mulching.During the process of freezing and thawing,the variability of soil moisture and salinity showed a decreasing tendency with the increasing of soil depth.
In order to explore the changing rules of soil water and salt movement under the condition of snow cover and surface mulching during the freezing and thawing season in Shihezi irrigation areas,we conducted a field plot test during 2015-2016 and investigated the temporal and spatial dynamic rules of water and salt in the soil with three different surface coverings,i.e.straw,plastic film,activated carbon,and bare land,during the whole seasonal freezing and thawing period.The results suggested that surface coverage was more effective in the preservation of soil moisture and salt reduction than the bare land.After the frozen soil was fully thawed,the deepest soil layer in which the water content increased was 0-30 cm and 0-40 cm for the soil covered with straw and activated carbon,respectively,indicating that the two kinds of coverings were more beneficial to the maintenance of soil moisture and the efficient use of snowmelt water after the freezing and thawing process.Compared with the initial value,the increase in salt content in the 0-30 cm soil layer in the soil covered with activated carbon,straw,plastic film,and bare land was 18.08%,20.30%,30.91%,and32.81%,respectively,suggesting that the inhibition effect on the upward movement of salt by activated carbon coverage was the most significant,followed by straw mulching.During the process of freezing and thawing,the variability of soil moisture and salinity showed a decreasing tendency with the increasing of soil depth.
引文
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[13]陈军锋,杨军耀,郑秀清,等.地下水浅埋条件下单项冻结土壤水热变化试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):146-152.
[14]李瑞平,史海滨,赤江刚夫,等.季节性冻融土壤水盐动态预测BP网络模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):125-128.
[15]李瑞平.冻融土壤水热盐运移规律及其SHAW模型模拟研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[16]方汝林.土壤冻结、消融期水盐动态的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1982,19(2):164-172
[17]刘小燕,刘巧玲,刘廷玺,等.科尔沁草甸地冻融期土壤水热盐动态迁移规律[J].水科学进展,2015,26(3):331-339.
[18]吴谋松,王康,谭霄,等.土壤冻融过程中水流迁移特性及通量模拟[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):543-550.
[19]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[2]李瑞平,史海滨,王长生,等.秋灌定额对越冬期土壤水盐运移分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):43-46.
[3]彭振阳,黄介生,伍靖伟,等.秋浇条件下季节性冻融土壤盐分运动规律[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):77-81.
[4]倪东宁,李瑞平,史海滨,等.秋灌对冻融期土壤水盐热时空变化规律影响及灌水效果评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,141-145.
[5]刑述彦,郑秀清,陈军锋.秸秆覆盖对冻融期土壤墒情影响试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):90-94.
[6]付强,吴春东,李天霄.北方高寒区秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分运移的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(10):7-10.
[7]白巴特尔,郑和祥,任杰,等.寒旱区冻融期冬小麦不同覆盖条件土壤温度变化[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(6):134-137.
[8]Bing H,He P,Zhang Y.Cyclic freeze-thaw as a mechanism for water and salt migration in soil[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(1):675-681.
[9]Nagare R M,Schincariol R A,Quinton W L,et al.Effects of freezing on soil temperature,freezing front propagation and moisture redistribution in peat:Laboratory investigations[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2012,2(16):501-515.
[10]Getachew A M,Hayashi M,Farrow Christopher R,et al.Improved characterization of frozen soil processes in the Versatile Soil Moisture Budget model[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2013,4(93):511-531.
[11]陈军锋,郑秀清,臧红飞,等.季节性冻融期灌水对土壤温度与冻融特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(3):104-109.
[12]陈军锋,郑秀清,秦作栋,等.冻融期秸秆覆盖量对土壤剖面水热时空变化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(20):102-110.
[13]陈军锋,杨军耀,郑秀清,等.地下水浅埋条件下单项冻结土壤水热变化试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(12):146-152.
[14]李瑞平,史海滨,赤江刚夫,等.季节性冻融土壤水盐动态预测BP网络模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):125-128.
[15]李瑞平.冻融土壤水热盐运移规律及其SHAW模型模拟研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[16]方汝林.土壤冻结、消融期水盐动态的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1982,19(2):164-172
[17]刘小燕,刘巧玲,刘廷玺,等.科尔沁草甸地冻融期土壤水热盐动态迁移规律[J].水科学进展,2015,26(3):331-339.
[18]吴谋松,王康,谭霄,等.土壤冻融过程中水流迁移特性及通量模拟[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):543-550.
[19]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.