膜下滴灌棉花不同种植模式土壤水分分布规律研究与数值模拟
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摘要
新疆棉花人工采摘成本大幅提升,为了达到提高棉花采摘效率和经济效益的目的,膜下滴灌棉花需要采用机械化采摘种植模式,以适应机械化采摘作业,种植模式的改变引起了土壤水分分布规律的改变。采用烘干法,数值模拟法分析了1膜2管6行、1膜3管6行和1膜3管5行种植模式下灌出苗水前后土壤水分分布规律,建立Hydrus-2D模型进行数值模拟,验证模型可靠性。结果表明,灌水7 d后,(1)1膜2管6行土壤平均含水率表现为:滴头处>中间窄行>膜边窄行>膜间;(2)1膜3管6行土壤平均含水率表现为:窄行>窄间距滴灌带间>宽间距滴灌带间>滴头处>膜间;(3)1膜3管5行土壤平均含水率表现为:窄间距滴灌带间>滴头处>宽间距滴灌带间>窄行>膜间。通过分析可知,1膜3管6行土壤水分条件优于1膜2管6行,1膜3管5行,土壤水分条件最优。Hydrus-2D模型土壤水分模拟值与实测值整体吻合程度较好,能很好模拟不同种植模式下土壤水分运动分布特征。研究结论可以为膜下滴灌棉花机械化种植生产提供技术参考。
In Xinjiang,the cost of artificial cotton picking has been increased significantly. In order to achieve the objective of improving cotton picking efficiency and economic benefits,cotton drip irrigation under plastic film needs to adopt mechanized planting mode,and the change of planting mode causes the change of soil water distribution law. In this paper,drying method and numerical simulation method are used to analyze the distribution law of soil moisture before and after irrigation of the 3 planting modes,including one-film two-tube six-row,one-film three-tube six-row and one-film three-tube five-row. The Hydrus-2 D model is also established in this paper for numerical simulation to verify the model's reliability. The results show that: after 7 days of irrigation,(1) the average water content of soil in the mode of one-film two-tube six-row arranges from large to small as follows: drip department,narrow middle line,narrow film line,membrane compartment;(2)the average water content of soil in the mode of one-film three-tube six-row arranges from large to small as follows: narrow row,narrow spacing drip irrigation zone,wide spacing drip irrigation zone,drip head,membrane compartment;(3) the average water content of soil in the mode of one-film three-tube five-row arranges from large to small as follows: narrow spacing drip irrigation zone,drip head,wide spacing drip irrigation zone,narrow row,membrane compartment. In summary,the soil water condition of the mode of one-film three-tube six-row is better than that of the mode one-film two-tube six-row and one-film three-tube five-row. The Hydrus-2 D model soil water simulation value is overall well accorded with the measured value,can well simulate the soil water distribution characteristics of different planting modes. The conclusion can provide a technical reference for mechanized planting of cotton with drip irrigation under film.
In Xinjiang,the cost of artificial cotton picking has been increased significantly. In order to achieve the objective of improving cotton picking efficiency and economic benefits,cotton drip irrigation under plastic film needs to adopt mechanized planting mode,and the change of planting mode causes the change of soil water distribution law. In this paper,drying method and numerical simulation method are used to analyze the distribution law of soil moisture before and after irrigation of the 3 planting modes,including one-film two-tube six-row,one-film three-tube six-row and one-film three-tube five-row. The Hydrus-2 D model is also established in this paper for numerical simulation to verify the model's reliability. The results show that: after 7 days of irrigation,(1) the average water content of soil in the mode of one-film two-tube six-row arranges from large to small as follows: drip department,narrow middle line,narrow film line,membrane compartment;(2)the average water content of soil in the mode of one-film three-tube six-row arranges from large to small as follows: narrow row,narrow spacing drip irrigation zone,wide spacing drip irrigation zone,drip head,membrane compartment;(3) the average water content of soil in the mode of one-film three-tube five-row arranges from large to small as follows: narrow spacing drip irrigation zone,drip head,wide spacing drip irrigation zone,narrow row,membrane compartment. In summary,the soil water condition of the mode of one-film three-tube six-row is better than that of the mode one-film two-tube six-row and one-film three-tube five-row. The Hydrus-2 D model soil water simulation value is overall well accorded with the measured value,can well simulate the soil water distribution characteristics of different planting modes. The conclusion can provide a technical reference for mechanized planting of cotton with drip irrigation under film.
引文
[1]戴婷婷,张展羽,邵光成.膜下滴灌技术及其发展趋势分析[J].节水灌溉,2007,(2):43-47.
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[15]傅渝亮,费良军,聂卫波,等.波涌灌间歇入渗饱和-非饱和土壤水分运动数值模拟及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):66-71.
[16]张林,吴普特,范兴科.多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运动的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):40-45.
[17]余根坚,黄介生,高占义.基于HYDRUS模型不同灌水模式下土壤水盐运移模拟[J].水利学报,2013,44(7):826-834.
[18]虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,苏里坦,等.棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律数值模拟[J].土壤,2012,44(4):665-670.
[19]孙林,罗毅.膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐运移简化模型[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(24):105-114.
[20]王在敏,何雨江,靳孟贵,等.运用土壤水盐运移模型优化棉花微咸水膜下滴灌制度[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):63-70.
[21]李慧.石河子灌区地下水位变化规律分析[J].地下水,2016,38(3):43-98.
[2]康静,黄兴法.膜下滴灌的研究及发展[J].节水灌溉,2013,(9):71-74.
[3]李毅,王文焰,王全九.论膜下滴灌技术在干旱-半干旱地区节水抑盐灌溉中的应用[J].灌溉排水,2001,(2):42-46.
[4]张治,田富强,钟瑞森,等.新疆膜下滴灌棉田生育期地温变化规律[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):44-51.
[5]李久生,栗岩峰,王军,等.微灌在中国:历史、现状和未来[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):372-381.
[6]弋鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,等.棉田膜下滴灌年限对土壤盐分累积的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):118-122.
[7]薛万来,牛文全,张俊.膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(4):114-118.
[8]栗现文,靳孟贵,袁晶晶,等.微咸水膜下滴灌棉田漫灌洗盐评价[J].水利学报,2014,45(9):1 091-1 105.
[9]黄晓敏,于宴民,汪昌树,等.干旱区膜下滴灌棉田灌溉制度及土壤水盐运移规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2017,(4):24-32.
[10]王一民,虎胆·吐马尔白,弋鹏飞,等.盐碱地膜下滴灌水盐运移规律试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,(10):13-17.
[11]杨昕馨,董新光,刘磊.棉花膜下滴灌两种布管方式下的土壤水盐运移研究[J].节水灌溉,2011,(2):40-45.
[12]宁松瑞,左强,石建初,等.新疆典型膜下滴灌棉花种植模式的用水效率与效益[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):90-99.
[13]Qingyun Zhou,Shaozhong Kang,Lu Zhang,et al.Comparison of apri and hydrus-2d models to simulate soil water dynamics in a vineyard under alternate partial root zone drip irrigation[J].Plant and Soil,2007,291(1-2):211-223.
[14]Pengliang Yao,Xinguang Dong,Anyan Hu.Using hydrus-2d simulate soil water dynamic in Jujube root zone under drip irrigation[C]∥Proceedings of 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection.(ISWREP 2011)VOL.01,中国陕西西安:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,inc.,2011:718-722.
[15]傅渝亮,费良军,聂卫波,等.波涌灌间歇入渗饱和-非饱和土壤水分运动数值模拟及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(2):66-71.
[16]张林,吴普特,范兴科.多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运动的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):40-45.
[17]余根坚,黄介生,高占义.基于HYDRUS模型不同灌水模式下土壤水盐运移模拟[J].水利学报,2013,44(7):826-834.
[18]虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,苏里坦,等.棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律数值模拟[J].土壤,2012,44(4):665-670.
[19]孙林,罗毅.膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐运移简化模型[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(24):105-114.
[20]王在敏,何雨江,靳孟贵,等.运用土壤水盐运移模型优化棉花微咸水膜下滴灌制度[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):63-70.
[21]李慧.石河子灌区地下水位变化规律分析[J].地下水,2016,38(3):43-98.