高保真高信噪比地震资料的获取方法
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摘要
以检波器组合为例,通过射线追踪模拟,揭示了组合基距和炮检距变化与反射波波形特征和信号频谱的关系,讨论了组合基距变化对信号保真度和分辨率的影响。利用波动方程正演,对比分析了组合基距变化对小断层和砂岩尖灭的成像结果,说明常规检波器组合对小尺度地质目标存在平均效应,会降低横向分辨率。结合实际资料分析,进一步说明常规检波器组合方法获得的地震记录是非保真的,对有效信号造成极大的伤害,地震分辨率降低明显。因此常规的组合压噪方法是不科学的,应该先保真原始地震道信号并保证适度能量,然后在数据处理中去噪、提高信噪比。由此提出的一点法地震技术获取的地震资料具有高保真、高信噪比、高分辨率的特点,在苏里格气田开发的多个区块中取得了很好的应用效果。
Based on geophone array,we discuss in this paper the relationship among reflection waveform characteristics,signal frequency spectrum,array length and offsets by ray tracing simulation.We also discuss influence of array length on signal fidelity and data resolution.Using wave equation forward modeling,we analyze influence of array length on imaging of small faults and sandstone pinchouts.It is found that geophone arrays have average effect on small scale geological target imaging, which leads lateral resolution decrease.Based on real data analysis,geophone arrays cannot acquire fidelity seismic data.Signals are damaged and data resolution is reduced.We believe that noise removal by geophone arrays is not scientific.In data acquisition stage in the field,we should first ensure data fidelity and signal energy,and noise removal will be carried out in the data processing stage to improve signal-to-noise ratio.Thus we put forward point-receiver approach which can acquire seismic data with high fidelity,high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution.The proposed approach has been used in several blocks of Sulige Gas field and achieved very good results.
Based on geophone array,we discuss in this paper the relationship among reflection waveform characteristics,signal frequency spectrum,array length and offsets by ray tracing simulation.We also discuss influence of array length on signal fidelity and data resolution.Using wave equation forward modeling,we analyze influence of array length on imaging of small faults and sandstone pinchouts.It is found that geophone arrays have average effect on small scale geological target imaging, which leads lateral resolution decrease.Based on real data analysis,geophone arrays cannot acquire fidelity seismic data.Signals are damaged and data resolution is reduced.We believe that noise removal by geophone arrays is not scientific.In data acquisition stage in the field,we should first ensure data fidelity and signal energy,and noise removal will be carried out in the data processing stage to improve signal-to-noise ratio.Thus we put forward point-receiver approach which can acquire seismic data with high fidelity,high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution.The proposed approach has been used in several blocks of Sulige Gas field and achieved very good results.
引文
[1]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.山东东营:石油大学出版社,1990.
[2]王永刚,段世民,朱兆林等.复杂地表条件下检波器组合的特性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):126-130.Wang Yonggang,Duan Shimin,Zhu Zhaolin et al.Characteristic analysis of receiver-array in complicated surface conditions.OGP,2003,38(2):126-130.
[3]王志强,韩立国,巩向博等.起伏地表检波器组合响应.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(2):694-703.Wang Zhiqiang,Han Liguo,Gong Xiangbo et al.Geophone array response on undulating surface.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2014,44(2):694-703.
[4]王璞,胡天跃,Paul Matheny.宽线技术在下扬子地区页岩气勘探中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):634-640.Wang Pu,Hu Tianyue and Paul Matheny.Wideline acquisition for shale gas exploration in Lower Yangtze area.OGP,2014,49(4):634-640.
[5]范增辉,欧阳城,刘树根等.塔里木盆地西南部黄土塬地区地震采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):627-633.Fan Zenghui,Ouyang Cheng,Liu Shugen et al.Seismic acquisition in loess area,Southwestern Tarim Basin.OGP,2014,49(4):627-633.
[6]李庆忠,陈祖钧.组合效应对反射波的压制和改造,石油地球物理勘探,1984,19(1):1-20.Li Qingzhong,Chen Zujun.Suppression and distortion to seismic reflection by array effect.OGP,1984,19(1):1-20.
[7]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235-243.Qian Rongjun.Analysis on spatial sampling density and uniformity of seismic acquisition.OGP,2007,42(2):235-243.
[8]徐峰,熊军,杨举勇等.复杂地区检波器组合高差限制分析.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(3):16-18.Xu Feng,Xiong Jun,Yang Juyong et al.Analysis on on elevation difference restriction of geophone array in complex area.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(3):16-18.
[9]魏继东,丁伟.检波器野外组合因素对地震资料品质的影响分析.石油物探,2010,49(3):312-318.Wei Jidong,Ding Wei.Impact analysis of geophone array factors on seismic data quality.GPP,2010,49(3):312-318.
[10]曹务祥,安树杰,蓝益军等.排列长度对组合效应的影响分析.石油物探,2008,47(3):315-318.Cao Wuxiang,An Shujie,Lan Yijun et al.Effect analysis of arrangement length on array response.GPP,2008,47(3):315-318.
[11]王珂.检波器组合对高分辨率地震勘探的影响.中国煤炭地质,2010,22(7):61-65.Wang Ke.Geophone array’s impact on HR seismic prospecting.Coal Geology of China,2010,22(7):61-65.
[12]陈道宏,姚念江,许建军等.高分辨率纵波采集方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):123-136.Chen Daohong,Yao Nianjiang and Xu Jianjun et al.Research on acquisition method for high-resolution compressional waves.OGP,1999,34(2):123-136.
[13]张凤旭,张凤琴,刘洋等.薄互层地区高品质地震资料采集影响因素试验研究.世界地质,2003,22(2):176-180.Zhang Fengxu,Zhang Fengqin,Liu Yang et al.Testing research of affecting factors for high quality seismic data acquisition in thin interbeded area.Global Geology,2003,22(2):176-180.
[14]李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):363-369.Li Qingzhong and Wei Jidong.Influence of array effect on cutoff frequency of high frequency in highdensity seismic acquisition.OGP,2007,42(4):363-369.
[15]杨照海,凡正才,赵前华.单点数字检波器道组合技术.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增2):88-93.Yang Zhaohai,Fan Zhengcai and Zhao Qianhua.Overlapping technique of single-point digital geophone.OGP,2008,43(S2):88-93.
[16]孙成禹,孙甜甜,彭洪超等.单点地震数据的一致性组合叠加方法.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增1):23-28.Sun Chengyu,Sun Tiantian,Peng Hongchao et al.Consistent array stacking method for single point seismic data.OGP,2009,44(S1):23-28.
[17]李彦鹏,常旭,王熙明.点接收地震资料背景噪声的自动判别与压制.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):648-651.Li Yanpeng,Chang Xu,Wang Ximing.Identification and suppression of background noise on point receiver seismic data.OGP,2014,49(4):648-651.
[18]刘远志,刘胜,张志峰等.全数次单点采集技术在四川盆地的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):829-838.Liu Yuanzhi,Liu Sheng,Zhang Zhifeng et al.Point receive acquisition with single digital sensor in Sichuan Basin.OGP,2014,49(5):829-838.
[19]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615-618.Cao Wuxiang.Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismic data.OGP,2006,41(6):615-618.
[20]曹务祥.检波器组合问题的分析.石油物探,2008,47(5):505-510.Cao Wuxiang.Analysis on the problems of geophone array.GPP,2008,47(5):505-510.
[2]王永刚,段世民,朱兆林等.复杂地表条件下检波器组合的特性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):126-130.Wang Yonggang,Duan Shimin,Zhu Zhaolin et al.Characteristic analysis of receiver-array in complicated surface conditions.OGP,2003,38(2):126-130.
[3]王志强,韩立国,巩向博等.起伏地表检波器组合响应.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(2):694-703.Wang Zhiqiang,Han Liguo,Gong Xiangbo et al.Geophone array response on undulating surface.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2014,44(2):694-703.
[4]王璞,胡天跃,Paul Matheny.宽线技术在下扬子地区页岩气勘探中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):634-640.Wang Pu,Hu Tianyue and Paul Matheny.Wideline acquisition for shale gas exploration in Lower Yangtze area.OGP,2014,49(4):634-640.
[5]范增辉,欧阳城,刘树根等.塔里木盆地西南部黄土塬地区地震采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):627-633.Fan Zenghui,Ouyang Cheng,Liu Shugen et al.Seismic acquisition in loess area,Southwestern Tarim Basin.OGP,2014,49(4):627-633.
[6]李庆忠,陈祖钧.组合效应对反射波的压制和改造,石油地球物理勘探,1984,19(1):1-20.Li Qingzhong,Chen Zujun.Suppression and distortion to seismic reflection by array effect.OGP,1984,19(1):1-20.
[7]钱荣钧.关于地震采集空间采样密度和均匀性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):235-243.Qian Rongjun.Analysis on spatial sampling density and uniformity of seismic acquisition.OGP,2007,42(2):235-243.
[8]徐峰,熊军,杨举勇等.复杂地区检波器组合高差限制分析.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(3):16-18.Xu Feng,Xiong Jun,Yang Juyong et al.Analysis on on elevation difference restriction of geophone array in complex area.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(3):16-18.
[9]魏继东,丁伟.检波器野外组合因素对地震资料品质的影响分析.石油物探,2010,49(3):312-318.Wei Jidong,Ding Wei.Impact analysis of geophone array factors on seismic data quality.GPP,2010,49(3):312-318.
[10]曹务祥,安树杰,蓝益军等.排列长度对组合效应的影响分析.石油物探,2008,47(3):315-318.Cao Wuxiang,An Shujie,Lan Yijun et al.Effect analysis of arrangement length on array response.GPP,2008,47(3):315-318.
[11]王珂.检波器组合对高分辨率地震勘探的影响.中国煤炭地质,2010,22(7):61-65.Wang Ke.Geophone array’s impact on HR seismic prospecting.Coal Geology of China,2010,22(7):61-65.
[12]陈道宏,姚念江,许建军等.高分辨率纵波采集方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):123-136.Chen Daohong,Yao Nianjiang and Xu Jianjun et al.Research on acquisition method for high-resolution compressional waves.OGP,1999,34(2):123-136.
[13]张凤旭,张凤琴,刘洋等.薄互层地区高品质地震资料采集影响因素试验研究.世界地质,2003,22(2):176-180.Zhang Fengxu,Zhang Fengqin,Liu Yang et al.Testing research of affecting factors for high quality seismic data acquisition in thin interbeded area.Global Geology,2003,22(2):176-180.
[14]李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):363-369.Li Qingzhong and Wei Jidong.Influence of array effect on cutoff frequency of high frequency in highdensity seismic acquisition.OGP,2007,42(4):363-369.
[15]杨照海,凡正才,赵前华.单点数字检波器道组合技术.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增2):88-93.Yang Zhaohai,Fan Zhengcai and Zhao Qianhua.Overlapping technique of single-point digital geophone.OGP,2008,43(S2):88-93.
[16]孙成禹,孙甜甜,彭洪超等.单点地震数据的一致性组合叠加方法.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增1):23-28.Sun Chengyu,Sun Tiantian,Peng Hongchao et al.Consistent array stacking method for single point seismic data.OGP,2009,44(S1):23-28.
[17]李彦鹏,常旭,王熙明.点接收地震资料背景噪声的自动判别与压制.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):648-651.Li Yanpeng,Chang Xu,Wang Ximing.Identification and suppression of background noise on point receiver seismic data.OGP,2014,49(4):648-651.
[18]刘远志,刘胜,张志峰等.全数次单点采集技术在四川盆地的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):829-838.Liu Yuanzhi,Liu Sheng,Zhang Zhifeng et al.Point receive acquisition with single digital sensor in Sichuan Basin.OGP,2014,49(5):829-838.
[19]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615-618.Cao Wuxiang.Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismic data.OGP,2006,41(6):615-618.
[20]曹务祥.检波器组合问题的分析.石油物探,2008,47(5):505-510.Cao Wuxiang.Analysis on the problems of geophone array.GPP,2008,47(5):505-510.