QRA方法在LNG项目中的应用及存在的问题
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摘要
通过与NFPA59A为代表的描述性方法的对比,介绍了基于风险研究的QRA方法在LNG项目的应用,如在项目站址选择研究中的应用;通过国内某LNG接收站项目QRA的应用实例阐述了QRA方法的实际意义。以DNV对HRCD数据的QRA分析结果为例,阐述了当前QRA方法在LNG项目应用中存在的问题,并对其发展给出了建议。
Through the comparisons of the prescriptive code requirements of NFPA59A and risk-based method of QRA,this paper gave the introduction of QRA application in LNG projects,e.g.,in LNG facility sitting studies.A QRA example of a domestic LNG receiving terminal sitting study has been given to illustrate its significance.The existing problems of QRA applications in LNG projects have been illustrated through discussion on DNV QRA analysis results of HRCD database.A few suggestions were proposed for QRA developments in LNG applications.
Through the comparisons of the prescriptive code requirements of NFPA59A and risk-based method of QRA,this paper gave the introduction of QRA application in LNG projects,e.g.,in LNG facility sitting studies.A QRA example of a domestic LNG receiving terminal sitting study has been given to illustrate its significance.The existing problems of QRA applications in LNG projects have been illustrated through discussion on DNV QRA analysis results of HRCD database.A few suggestions were proposed for QRA developments in LNG applications.
引文
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[3]EISENBERG N A,LYNCH C J,BREEDING R J.Vulnerability model,a simulation system for assessing damage resulting from marine spills[R].Springfield,VA:Enviro.Control Inc.,1975.
[4]KOLLURU R,BARTELL S,PITBLADO R,et al.Risk Assessment and Management Handbook for Environmental,Health and Safety Professionals[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1996:374.
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[7]Center for Chemical Process Safety(CCPS).Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis[M].2nd ed.New York:AIChE,2000.
[8]International Association of Oil&Gas Producers.Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installation including the ship/shore interface:OGP Draft 116901[S].UK:OGP,2014.
[9]International Organization for Standardization.ISO Standard 31010:2009,Risk management-Guidelines on principles and implementation of risk management[S].Geneva,Switzerland,2009.
[10]International Organization for Standardization.ISO 17776:2000,Offshore production installations-Guidelines on tools and techniques and risk management[S].Geneva,Switzerland,2000.
[11]RAJ P K,LEMOFF T.Risk analysis based LNG facility sitting standard in NFPA 59A[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2009,22(4):820-829.
[12]European Committee for Standardization.Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas-design of onshore installations:EN 1473-2007[S].Brussels:CEN,2007.
[13]Council of Standards Australia.The storage and handling of liquefied natural gas:Australian Standard AS 3961[S].Sydney:Standards Australia,2005.
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[17]国家发展和改革委员会.液化天然气接收站安全技术规程:SY/T6711-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.National Development and Reform Commission.Technical safety code for liquefied natural gas receiving terminal:SY/T 6711-2008[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[18]吴策宇,党文义,刘晓龙.LNG接收站选址安全距离研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(6):167-172.WU C Y,DANG W Y,LIU X L.Study on the safe distance for siting of LNG receiving terminal[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(6):167-172.
[19]陈丛山,蒋宏业,寇智勇,等.深圳LNG接收站泄漏风险模型预评价研究[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(1):100-104.CHEN C S,JIANG H Y,KOU Z Y,et al.The study of pre-assessment model of leakage risk of LNG receiving terminal station in Shenzhen[J].Journal of Chengdu University(Natural Science Edition),2013,32(1):100-104.
[20]陈国华,成松柏.LNG泄漏事故后果模拟与定量风险评估[J].天然气工业,2007,27(6):133-135.CHEN G H,CHENG S B.Consequence simulation on LNG leakage accidents and its quantitative risk assessment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(6):133-135.
[21]王文静,孙标,郭开华.液化天然气场站事故定量风险评价方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(4):114-117.WANG W J,SUN B,GUO K H.Quantitative risk analysis for LNGstation accidents[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(4):114-117.
[22]FALCK A,BAIN B,RΦDS?TRE L K.Leak frequency modelling for offshore QRA based on the hydrocarbon release database[C]//IChemE Symposium 2009.Rugby,UK:IChemE,2009:646.
[23]DITALI S,FIORE R,CERRUTI C,et al.Consequence models assessment:a comparison among the codes most widely used in Italy[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2006,9(1):177-184.
[2]PASMAN H J,JUNG S,PREM K,et al.Is risk analysis a useful tool for improving process safety?[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2009,22(6):769-777.
[3]EISENBERG N A,LYNCH C J,BREEDING R J.Vulnerability model,a simulation system for assessing damage resulting from marine spills[R].Springfield,VA:Enviro.Control Inc.,1975.
[4]KOLLURU R,BARTELL S,PITBLADO R,et al.Risk Assessment and Management Handbook for Environmental,Health and Safety Professionals[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1996:374.
[5]MANNAN S.Lees Loss Prevention in the Process Industries[M].3rd ed.Oxford:Elsevier Butterworth Heineman,2005.
[6]TURNEY R,PITBLADO R M.Risk Assessment in the Process Industries[M].2nd ed.Rugby:Institution of Chemical Engineers,1996.
[7]Center for Chemical Process Safety(CCPS).Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis[M].2nd ed.New York:AIChE,2000.
[8]International Association of Oil&Gas Producers.Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installation including the ship/shore interface:OGP Draft 116901[S].UK:OGP,2014.
[9]International Organization for Standardization.ISO Standard 31010:2009,Risk management-Guidelines on principles and implementation of risk management[S].Geneva,Switzerland,2009.
[10]International Organization for Standardization.ISO 17776:2000,Offshore production installations-Guidelines on tools and techniques and risk management[S].Geneva,Switzerland,2000.
[11]RAJ P K,LEMOFF T.Risk analysis based LNG facility sitting standard in NFPA 59A[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2009,22(4):820-829.
[12]European Committee for Standardization.Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas-design of onshore installations:EN 1473-2007[S].Brussels:CEN,2007.
[13]Council of Standards Australia.The storage and handling of liquefied natural gas:Australian Standard AS 3961[S].Sydney:Standards Australia,2005.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.石油天然气工程设计防火规范:GB 50183-2004[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2004.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.Code for fire protection design of petroleum and natural gas engineering:GB50183-2004[S].Beijing:Plan Press of China,2004.
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.液化天然气(LNG)生产、储存和装运:GB/T 20368-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Production,storage and handling of liquefied natural gas(LNG):GB/T 20368-2006[S],Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.液化天然气设备与安装陆上装置设计:GB/T 22724-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas-design of onshore installations:GB/T 22724-2008[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[17]国家发展和改革委员会.液化天然气接收站安全技术规程:SY/T6711-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.National Development and Reform Commission.Technical safety code for liquefied natural gas receiving terminal:SY/T 6711-2008[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[18]吴策宇,党文义,刘晓龙.LNG接收站选址安全距离研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(6):167-172.WU C Y,DANG W Y,LIU X L.Study on the safe distance for siting of LNG receiving terminal[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(6):167-172.
[19]陈丛山,蒋宏业,寇智勇,等.深圳LNG接收站泄漏风险模型预评价研究[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(1):100-104.CHEN C S,JIANG H Y,KOU Z Y,et al.The study of pre-assessment model of leakage risk of LNG receiving terminal station in Shenzhen[J].Journal of Chengdu University(Natural Science Edition),2013,32(1):100-104.
[20]陈国华,成松柏.LNG泄漏事故后果模拟与定量风险评估[J].天然气工业,2007,27(6):133-135.CHEN G H,CHENG S B.Consequence simulation on LNG leakage accidents and its quantitative risk assessment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(6):133-135.
[21]王文静,孙标,郭开华.液化天然气场站事故定量风险评价方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(4):114-117.WANG W J,SUN B,GUO K H.Quantitative risk analysis for LNGstation accidents[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2011,7(4):114-117.
[22]FALCK A,BAIN B,RΦDS?TRE L K.Leak frequency modelling for offshore QRA based on the hydrocarbon release database[C]//IChemE Symposium 2009.Rugby,UK:IChemE,2009:646.
[23]DITALI S,FIORE R,CERRUTI C,et al.Consequence models assessment:a comparison among the codes most widely used in Italy[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,2006,9(1):177-184.