不同聚合度和聚合率的聚磷酸磷肥对石灰性土壤磷与微量元素有效性的影响
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摘要
【目的】聚合度和聚合率是影响聚合态磷肥肥效的关键指标,本研究旨在明确聚合度和聚合率对聚磷酸盐在土壤中的转化、土壤磷有效性及磷肥肥效的影响。【方法】以灌耕灰漠土为供试土壤,玉米为供试作物进行了盆栽试验。试验共设5个处理:不施磷肥(CK);磷酸二氢铵(MAP);聚合度和聚合率不同的3种聚磷酸铵磷肥平均聚合度3,聚合率40%(APP-3-40%);平均聚合度3,聚合率90%(APP-3-90%);平均聚合度2.7,聚合率90%(APP-2.7-90%)。除对照不施磷肥外,每钵(7kg土)施N 2.4 g、P2O5 1.1 g、K2O 0.7 g。于播种后第10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90 d采集土样,测定土壤水溶性磷和Olsen-P。并于第90 d测定土壤全磷,土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Zn含量和磷分级(Guppy法)。分别于播种后第45和90 d取玉米植株样品,测定玉米干物质,含磷量与微量元素Fe、Mn与Zn含量。【结果】与MAP处理相比,不同聚合度与聚合率的聚磷酸磷肥处理均可显著提高土壤有效磷含量。聚合度均为3时,APP-3-90%处理土壤水溶性磷与有效磷比APP-3-40%分别提高了15.7%与7.9%,土壤Resin-P与NaHCO_3-P分别提高了38.0%与22.8%,HCl-P则降低了6.2%。聚合率均为90%时,APP-3-90%处理的土壤有效磷比APP-2.7-90%提高了5.0%,Resin-P与NaHCO_3-P分别提高了75.1%与34.2%,HCl-P降低了12.0%,APP-3-90%的玉米干物质与吸磷量比APP-2.7-90%处理的分别提高了14.3%与4.5%,聚合度相同的APP-3-90%与APP-3-40%处理间差异不显著。聚磷酸磷肥可显著提高土壤微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn)的有效性。在相同聚合率(90%)下,APP-3-90%处理的土壤有效Fe、Mn和Zn含量比APP-2.7-90%分别提高了5.7%、8.4%与29.9%。在相同聚合度(n=3)下,APP-3-90%处理的土壤有效Fe和Zn含量比APP-3-40%分别提高了3.0%和29.0%。在相同聚合率(90%)下,APP-3-90%处理玉米的Fe和Zn吸收量比APP-2.7-90%分别提高了5.7%和19.5%,不同聚合率处理间差异不显著。【结论】聚磷酸磷肥可显著提高石灰性土壤磷及Fe、Mn和Zn的有效性,减少土壤对磷的固定;聚合度对土壤磷有效性与微量元素的活化作用显著大于聚合率。
【Objectives】 Polymerization degree and polymerization rate of polyphosphate fertilizer are critical parameters affecting the availability of phosphorus in soil. The paper studied the effects of polymerization degree and rate of polyphosphate fertilizer on phosphorus availability. 【Methods】 A pot experiment was carried out using cultivated gray desert soil(Calcaric fluvisals) and maize as test material. At the equal nutrient supply(N 2.4 g/pot,P_2 O5_ 1.1 g/pot,K_2 O 0.7 g/pot), five phosphorous fertilizer treatments were setup, ie: no P application(CK), mono-ammonium phosphate(MAP), polyphosphate with polymerization degree and rate of 3, 90%(APP/90%); 2.7, 90%(APP-2.7-90%) and 3, 40%(APP-3-40%). The soil weight in each pot was 7.0 kg. The soils were sampled every ten days after sowing for measurement of the water soluble-P and Olsen-P contents. The contents of total-P, micronutrients(Fe, Mn and Zn) and phosphorus fractionation(Guppy method) on the 90 th day soil samples were determined. The mazes were harvested after sowing 45 and 90 d for the determination of dry weight, the P, Fe, Mn and Zn contents. 【Results】 Compared with the MAP, all the three polyphosphate treatments significantly increased the soil available P contents. At the polymerization degrees of 3, the watersoluble P and available P contents in APP-3-90% treatment were 15.7% and 7.9% higher than those in the APP-3-40%, and the soil Resin-P and NaHCO_3-P were increased by 38.0% and by 22.8% relative to the APP-3-40%treatment, respectively, while soil HCl-P decreased by 6.2%. At the same polymerization rate of 90%, the soil available P, Resin-P and NaHCO_3-P in the APP-3-90% treatment were 5.0%, 75.1% and 34.2% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90% treatment, respectively, but soil HCl-P content was 12.0% lower. At the same polymerization rate of 90%, maize dry weight and P uptake in the APP-3-90% were 14.3% and 4.5% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90%, respectively. All polyphosphate treatments significantly increased the contents of available Fe, Mn and Zn in soils regardless of polymerization degree or polymerization rate. In the 90% polymerization rate, the soil available Fe, Mn and Zn in the APP-3-90% were 5.7%, 8.4% and 29.9% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90%, respectively. Similarly, in the polymerization degree of 3, the contents of soil available Fe and Zn in APP1 were increased by 3.0% and 29.0% relative to those in the APP-3-40%, the uptakes of Fe and Zn by maize in the APP-3-40% were 5.7% and 19.5% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90%, but no significant differences between APP-3-90% and APP-3-40%. 【Conclusions】 Compared with regular ortho-phosphate fertilizer, polyphosphate fertilizers significantly improved the availability of P and Fe, Mn, Zn in soils, thereby reducing fixation of P in calcareous soil. Specially, polymerization degree of polyphosphate fertilizer demonstrates more important role in increasing soil P and Fe, Mn and Zn availability than polymerization rate.
【Objectives】 Polymerization degree and polymerization rate of polyphosphate fertilizer are critical parameters affecting the availability of phosphorus in soil. The paper studied the effects of polymerization degree and rate of polyphosphate fertilizer on phosphorus availability. 【Methods】 A pot experiment was carried out using cultivated gray desert soil(Calcaric fluvisals) and maize as test material. At the equal nutrient supply(N 2.4 g/pot,P_2 O5_ 1.1 g/pot,K_2 O 0.7 g/pot), five phosphorous fertilizer treatments were setup, ie: no P application(CK), mono-ammonium phosphate(MAP), polyphosphate with polymerization degree and rate of 3, 90%(APP/90%); 2.7, 90%(APP-2.7-90%) and 3, 40%(APP-3-40%). The soil weight in each pot was 7.0 kg. The soils were sampled every ten days after sowing for measurement of the water soluble-P and Olsen-P contents. The contents of total-P, micronutrients(Fe, Mn and Zn) and phosphorus fractionation(Guppy method) on the 90 th day soil samples were determined. The mazes were harvested after sowing 45 and 90 d for the determination of dry weight, the P, Fe, Mn and Zn contents. 【Results】 Compared with the MAP, all the three polyphosphate treatments significantly increased the soil available P contents. At the polymerization degrees of 3, the watersoluble P and available P contents in APP-3-90% treatment were 15.7% and 7.9% higher than those in the APP-3-40%, and the soil Resin-P and NaHCO_3-P were increased by 38.0% and by 22.8% relative to the APP-3-40%treatment, respectively, while soil HCl-P decreased by 6.2%. At the same polymerization rate of 90%, the soil available P, Resin-P and NaHCO_3-P in the APP-3-90% treatment were 5.0%, 75.1% and 34.2% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90% treatment, respectively, but soil HCl-P content was 12.0% lower. At the same polymerization rate of 90%, maize dry weight and P uptake in the APP-3-90% were 14.3% and 4.5% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90%, respectively. All polyphosphate treatments significantly increased the contents of available Fe, Mn and Zn in soils regardless of polymerization degree or polymerization rate. In the 90% polymerization rate, the soil available Fe, Mn and Zn in the APP-3-90% were 5.7%, 8.4% and 29.9% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90%, respectively. Similarly, in the polymerization degree of 3, the contents of soil available Fe and Zn in APP1 were increased by 3.0% and 29.0% relative to those in the APP-3-40%, the uptakes of Fe and Zn by maize in the APP-3-40% were 5.7% and 19.5% higher than those in the APP-2.7-90%, but no significant differences between APP-3-90% and APP-3-40%. 【Conclusions】 Compared with regular ortho-phosphate fertilizer, polyphosphate fertilizers significantly improved the availability of P and Fe, Mn, Zn in soils, thereby reducing fixation of P in calcareous soil. Specially, polymerization degree of polyphosphate fertilizer demonstrates more important role in increasing soil P and Fe, Mn and Zn availability than polymerization rate.
引文
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[27]兰国志.水溶性聚磷酸铵与金属离子螯合制取螯合物实验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学硕士学位论文,2016.Lan G Z.Experimental study on preparation of chelate by chelation of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate with metal ions[D].Kunming:MS Thesis of Kunming University of Technology,2016.
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[2]Mardamootoo T,Kwong K,Preez C.History of phosphorus fertilizer usage and its impact on the agronomic phosphorus status of sugarcane soils in Mauritius[J].Sugar Technology,2010,12(2):91-97.
[3]Havlin J L,Tisdale S L,Nelson W L,et al.Soil fertility and fertilizers:An introduction to nutrient management[M].Upper Saddle River,NJ:Pearson Prentice Hall,2014.
[4]Hedley M,McLaughlin M.Reactions of phosphate fertilizers and byproducts in soils[M].Phosphorus:Agriculture and the Environment,2005,181-252.
[5]鲁如坤,时正元,顾益初.土壤积累态磷研究Ⅱ.磷肥的表观积累利用率[J].土壤,1995,(6):286-289.Lu R K,Shi Z Y,Gu Y C.Research on accumulative phosphorus in soilsⅡ.The apparent accumulation of phosphate fertilizer utilization[J].Soils,1995,(6):286-289.
[6]Saleque M A,Abedin M J,Bhuiyan N I,et al.Long-term effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer sources on yield and nutrient accumulation of lowland rice[J].Field Crops Research,2004,86(1):53-65.
[7]Kuo S,Huang B,Bembenek R.Effects of long-term phosphorus fertilization and winter cover cropping on soil phosphorus transformations in less weathered soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2005,41(2):116-123.
[8]王方进.低聚磷酸铵肥料的合成及其在土壤中的转化研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学硕士论文,2014.Wang F J.Synthesis of ammonium low-polyphosphate fertilizer and its transformation in soil[D].Tai'an:MS Thesis of Shandong Agricultural University,2014.
[9]王连祥.农用肥料聚磷酸铵的制备与应用[J].磷肥与复肥,2008,23(2):49-50.Wang L X.The preparation and application of agricultural ammonium polyphosphate system[J].Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer,2008,23(2):49-50.
[10]徐保明,徐思思,唐强,等.水溶性聚磷酸铵的合成工艺进展[J].无机盐工业,2017,49(4):5-8.Xu B M,Xu S S,Tang Q,et al.Progress in synthesis of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2017,49(4):5-8.
[11]Niemeyer R.Cyclic condensed metaphosphates in plants and the possible correlations between inorganic polyphosphates and other compounds[J].Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology,1999,23(1):83-100.
[12]Mcbeath T M,Smernik R J,Lombi E,et al.Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate in a highly calcareous soil:A solid-state phosphorus31NMR study[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(3):856-862.
[13]Venugopalan M V,Prasad R.Relative efficiency of ammonium polyphosphate and orthophosphates for wheat and their residual effects on succeeding cowpea fodder[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1989,20(2):109-114.
[14]Holloway R E,Frischke A J,Dot Brace."How much fluid P fertilizer is enough?"Eyre peninsula farming systems summary[M].Pt.Lincoln,Australia:South Australian Research and Development Institute,2002,84-89.
[15]Jain S C,Kushwaha S S.Effect of ammonium polyphosphate on the yield of soybean(Glycine max L.)[J].Indian Journal of Agronomy,1993,38:33-36.
[16]Torres-Dorante L O,Claassen N,Steingrobe B,et al.Fertilizer use efficiency of different inorganic polyphosphate sources:effects on soil P availability and plant P acquisition during early growth of corn[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2006,169(4):509-515.
[17]王静.不同施磷策略对磷在土壤中移动、转化及磷肥利用率的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学硕士学位论文,2016.Wang J.Effects of phosphate fertilizer application strategies on soil Pmobility,transformation and P use efficiency on calcareous soil[D].Shihezi:MS Thesis of Shihezi University,2016.
[18]Guppy C N,Menzies N W,Moody P W,et al.A simplified sequential phosphorus fractionation method[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2000,31(11-14):1981-1991.
[19]Engelstad O P,Terman G L.Agronomic effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers[A].Khasawneh F E,Sample E C,Kamprath E J.The role of phosphorus in agriculture[M].Madison:ASA,1980.311-322.
[20]Dick R P,Tabatabai M A.Polyphosphates as P sources for plants[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agro-ecosystems,1987,12(2):107-118.
[21]McBeath T M,Lombi E,McLaughlin M J,et al.Pyrophosphate and orthophosphate addition to soils:sorption,cation concentrations,and dissolved organic carbon[J].Soil Research,2007,45(45):237-245.
[22]王蕾,龚林,邓兰生,等.不同温度和pH对聚磷酸铵水解的影响[J].磷肥与复肥,2015,30(12):8-11.Wang L,Gong L,Deng L S,et al.Effects of temperature and pH on hydrolysis of ammonium polyphosphate[J].Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer,2015,30(12):8-11.
[23]王蕾,邓兰生,涂攀峰,等.聚磷酸铵水解因素研究进展及在肥料中的应用[J].磷肥与复肥,2015,30(4):25-27.Wang L,Deng L S,Tu P F,et al.Research progresses of hydrolysis factors of ammonium polyphosphate and its application in fertilizer[J].Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer,2015,30(4):25-27.
[24]杨荣杰,仪德启.聚磷酸铵[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Yang R J,Yi D Q.Polyphosphate[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[25]Busman L M,Tabatabai M A.Hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1985,49(3):630-636.
[26]McLaughlin M J,Bertrand I,Lombi E,et al.New fertilizer formulations for highly calcareous soils of South Australia:Final report to South Australian Grain Industry Trust Fund[R].Adelaide,Australia:CSIRO Land and Water and SA Grain Industry Trust Fund,2003.
[27]兰国志.水溶性聚磷酸铵与金属离子螯合制取螯合物实验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学硕士学位论文,2016.Lan G Z.Experimental study on preparation of chelate by chelation of water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate with metal ions[D].Kunming:MS Thesis of Kunming University of Technology,2016.
[28]El-Sayed SAM.Ammonium polyphosphate and ammonium orthophosphate as sources of phosphorus for Jerusalem artichoke[J].Alexandria Science Exchange Journal,2015,36(1):47-57.
[29]马立锋,杨亦扬,石元值,等.Mehlich 3浸提剂在茶园土壤养分分析中的应用[J].土壤通报,2007,(4):745-748.Ma L F,Yang Y Y,Shi Y Z,et al.Applications of an universal soil extractant of Mehlich 3 to nutrient analysis of tea garden soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,(4):745-748.
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