纸质食品包装材料的矿物油迁移研究进展
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摘要
食品中的矿物油污染物是指石油来源的C_(10)～C_(50)烃类化合物,包括烷烃矿物油(mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons, MOSH)和芳烃矿物油(mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons, MOAH)2大类。近年来的研究表明,食品中的矿物油污染物主要来源于食品的回收纸包装材料迁移。本文综述了国外近十年来纸质包装材料的矿物油迁移研究情况,包括纸质包装材料迁移的矿物油分析方法——液相色谱-气相色谱联用法;矿物油迁移至食品的2种方式:气态扩散迁移和包装材料接触迁移;降低矿物油迁移的技术方法,即食品包装纸质材料的回收工艺,向包装纸质中添加活性炭等吸附剂以及增加阻隔层以阻挡矿物油的迁移。旨在为相关企业和机构提供数据与技术参考。
Mineral oil contaminants in foods refer to petrogenic C_(10)-C_(50) hydrocarbons, including mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons(MOAH). Recent studies have shown that mineral oil contamination in foods is mainly caused by the migration of recycled paper packaging materials. This paper revie wed the research on mineral oil migration of paper-based packaging materials in the past ten years abroad, including the analytical method for determining mineral oil migrated from paper food packaging materials--liquid chromatography combined with gas chromatography, two mineral oil migration ways from paper food packaging materials to various foods: gas diffusion migration and contact migration; and the technologies for reducing mineral oil migration, which were the recycling process of paper food packaging materials, and adding an adsorbent such as activated carbon to the packaging paper as well as adding a barrier layer to block the migration of mineral oil, so as to provide data and literature references to relevant companies and research institutions.
Mineral oil contaminants in foods refer to petrogenic C_(10)-C_(50) hydrocarbons, including mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons(MOAH). Recent studies have shown that mineral oil contamination in foods is mainly caused by the migration of recycled paper packaging materials. This paper revie wed the research on mineral oil migration of paper-based packaging materials in the past ten years abroad, including the analytical method for determining mineral oil migrated from paper food packaging materials--liquid chromatography combined with gas chromatography, two mineral oil migration ways from paper food packaging materials to various foods: gas diffusion migration and contact migration; and the technologies for reducing mineral oil migration, which were the recycling process of paper food packaging materials, and adding an adsorbent such as activated carbon to the packaging paper as well as adding a barrier layer to block the migration of mineral oil, so as to provide data and literature references to relevant companies and research institutions.
引文
[1]张玉霞,刘肖肖,梁青,等.气相色谱法测定食品包装纸中饱和烃矿物油迁移量[J].标准科学,2017,(6):70-74.Zhang YX,Liu XX,Liang Q,et al.Determination the migration amount of MOSH in food packaging paper by gas chromatography[J].Stand Sci,2017,(6):70-74.
[2]Lorenzini R.Food safety and mineral oil contaminated paperboard packaging:An analytical challenge and a migration study[D].Italy:Universitàdi Bologna,2012.
[3]李兊亚,王志伟,胡长鹰.食品及食品包装纸中矿物油的研究迚展[Z].Li KY,Wang ZW,Hu CY.Research progress of mineral oil in food and food packaging paper[Z].
[4]Lommatzsch M,Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,et al.Functional barriers or adsorbent to reduce the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled cardboard into dry food[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2016,242(10):1-7.
[5]European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Scientific opinion on mineral oil hydrocarbons in food[J].EFSA J,2012,10(6):1-185,2704.
[6]Grob K.Mineral oil hydrocarbons in food-a review[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2018.doi:10.1080/19440049.2018.1488185.
[7]Fengler R.Does recycled packaging contaminate fast foods[J].Forum Sci,2017.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318562422.
[8]Barp L,Kornauth C,Wuerger T,et al.Mineral oil in human tissue,Part I:Concentrations and molecular mass distributions[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2014,(72):312-321.
[9]Barp L,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Accumulation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in female Fischer 344 rats:Comparison with human data and consequences for risk assessment[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,(575):1263-1278.
[10]Barp L,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in female Fischer 344 rats,accumulation of wax components,implications for risk assessment[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,(583):319-333.
[11]Cravedi JP,Grob K,Nygaard UC,et al.Bioaccumulation and toxicity of mineral oil hydrocarbons in rats-specificity of different subclasses of a broad mixture relevant for human dietary exposures[J].EFSA Support Publ,2017,14(2):1-98.
[12]Adenug D,Goyak K,Lewis RJ.Evaluating the MoA/human relevance framework for F-344 rat liver epithelioid granulomas with mineral oil hydrocarbons[J].Crit Rev Toxicol,2017.doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2017.1319336.
[13]World Health Organization.Evaluation of certain food additive[R].WHO:Geneva,2002.
[14]Lommatzsch M,Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,et al.Functional barriers or adsorbent to reduce the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled cardboard into dry food[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2016,(242):1727-1733.
[15]Guazzotti V,Giussani B,Piergiovanni L,et al.Screening for chemicals in paper and board packaging for food use:Chemometric approach and estimation of migration[J].Pack Technol Sci,2014,doi:10.1002/pts.2109.
[16]Diehl H,Welle F.How to determine functional barrier performance towards mineral oil contaminants from recycled cardboard[J].Food Pack Shelf Life,2015,(5):41-49.
[17]Greye J.Development of analysis method for determination of mineral oil contamination in cardboard[D].Finland:University of Jyv?skyl?,2016.
[18]Biedermann M,Grob K.On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the analysis of contamination by mineral oil.Part 1:Method of analysis[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1255):56-75.
[19]Biedermann M,Grob K.On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the analysis of contamination by mineral oil.Part 2:Migration from paperboard into dry foods:Interpretation of chromatograms[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1255):76-99.
[20]Moret S,Barp L,Grob K,et al.Optimised off-line SPE-GC-FID method for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in vegetable oils[J].Food Chem,2011,(129):1898-1903.
[21]Moret S,Barp L,Purcaro G,et al.Rapid and sensitive solid phase extraction-large volume injection-gas chromatography for the analysis of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in cardboard and dried foods[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1243):1-5.
[22]Fiselier K,Grundb?cka F,Sch?nb K,et al.Development of a manual method for the determination of mineral oil in foods and paperboard[J].JChromatogr A,2013,1271(1):192-200.
[23]Liu LL,Huang H,Wu YW,et al.Offline solid-phase extraction large-volume injection-gas chromatography for the analysis of mineral oil-saturated hydrocarbons in commercial vegetable oils[J].J Oleo Sci,2017,66(9):981-990.
[24]Li BN,Wu YW,Liu LL,et al.Determination of mineral oil-saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in vegetable oils by large scale off-line SPEcombined with GC-FID[J].J Am Oil Chem Soc,2017,(94):215-223.
[25]Lacoste F.International validation of the determination of saturated hydrocarbon mineral oil in vegetable oils[J].Eur J Lipid Sci Technol,2016,(118):373-381.
[26]Weber S,Schrag K,Mildau G,et al.Analytical methods for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons(MOAH)-a short review[J].Anal Chem Insights,2018,(13):1-16.
[27]Heyst AV,Vanlancker M,Vercammen J,et al.Analysis of mineral oil in food:Results of a Belgian market survey[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1512758
[28]Biedermann M,Munoz C,Grob K.Update of on-line coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the analysis of mineral oil hydrocarbons in foods and cosmetics[J].J Chromatogr A,2017,(1521):140-149.
[29]Spack LW,Leszczyk G,Varela J,et al.Understanding the contamination of food with mineral oil:The need for a confirmatory analytical and procedural approach[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2017.doi:10.1080/19440049.2017.1306655.
[30]Biedermann M,McCombie,Grob K,et al.FID or MS for mineral oil analysis[J].J Consum Prot Food Saf,2017.doi:10.1007/s00003-017-1127-8.
[31]Nestola M,Schmidt TC.Determination of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils and fats by online liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection-Evaluation of automated removal strategies for biogenic olefins[J].J Chromatogr A,2017,(1505):69-76.
[32]Nestola M.Multimensional high-performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography(HPLC-GC)hyphenation techniques for food analysis in routine environments[D].Germany:Universit?t Duisburg-Essen,2016.
[33]Biedermann M,Grob K.Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for characterizing mineral oils in foods and distinguishing them from synthetic hydrocarbons[J].J Chromatogr A,2015,(1375):146-153.
[34]Biedermanna M,Barp L,Kornauth C,et al.Mineral oil in human tissues,Part II:Characterization of the accumulated hydrocarbons by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography[J].Sci Total Environ,2015,(506-507):644-655.
[35]Zoccali M,Barp L,Beccaria M,et al.Improvement of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons determination in edible oil by liquid-liquid-gas chromatography with dual detection[J].J Sep Sci,2016,(39):623-631.
[36]Mondello L,Zoccali M,Purcaro G,et al.Determination of saturated-hydrocarbon contamination in baby foods by using on-line liquid-gas chromatography and off-line liquid chromatographycomprehensive gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1255):56-75.
[37]Tranchida PQ,Zoccalia M,Purcarob G,et al.A rapid multidimensional liquid-gas chromatography method for the analysis of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons in vegetable oils[J].J Chromatogr A,2011,(1218):7476-7480.
[38]Biedermann M,Grob K.Is recycled newspaper suitable for food contact materials?Technical grade mineral oils from printing inks[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2010,(230):785-796.
[39]Lorenzinia R,Fiselier K,Biedermann M,et al.Saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons from paperboard food packaging:estimation of long-term migration from contents in the paperboard and data on boxes from the market[J].Food Add Contam,2010,27(12):1765-1774.
[40]Vollmer A,Biedermann M,Grundb?ck F,et al.Migration of mineral oil from printed paperboard into dry foods:Survey of the German market[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2011,(232):175-182.
[41]Biedermann M,Ingenhoff JE,Dima G,et al.Migration of mineral oil from printed paperboard into dry foods:Survey of the German market.Part II:Advancement of migration during storage[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2013,(236):459-472.
[42]Biedermann M,Uematsu Y,Grob K.Mineral oil contents in paper and board recycled to paperboard for food packaging[J].Pack Technol Sci,2011,(24):61-73.
[43]Dima G,Verzera A,Grob K.Migration of mineral oil from party plates of recycled paperboard into foods:1.Is recycled paperboard fit for the purpose?2.Adequate testing procedure[J].Food Add Contam,2011,28(11):1619-1628.
[44]Lorenzini R,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Migration kinetics of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled paperboard to dry food:Monitoring of two real cases[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2013,30(4):760-770.
[45]Zurfluh M,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Simulation of the migration of mineral oil from recycled paperboard into dry foods by Tenax?[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2013,30(5):909-918.
[46]US 9464386 B2 Fixation of mineral oil in paper food packaging with laccase to prevent mineral oil migration into food[S].
[47]Biedermann M,Schum R,Grob K.Activated carbon added to recycled paperboard to prevent migration into food:Approach for determining efficacy and first results[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2018https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1506162.
[48]Biedermann-Brem S,Grob K.Removal of mineral oil migrated from paperboard packing during cooking of foods in boiling water[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2011,(232):1035-1041.
[49]Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,Simat TJ,et al.Internal bags with barrier layers for foods packed in recycled paperboard:recent progress[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2014,(239):215-225.
[50]Biedermann M,Ingenhoff JE,Zurfluh M,et al.Migration of mineral oil,photoinitiators and plasticisers from recycled paperboard into dry foods:Astudy under controlled conditions[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2013,30(5):885-898.
[51]Barp L,Suman M,Lambertini F,et al.Migration of selected hydrocarbon contaminants into dry semolina and egg pasta packed in direct contact with virgin paperboard and polypropylene film[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2015,32(9):1542-1551.
[52]Lommatzsch M,Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,et al.Functional barriers or adsorbent to reduce the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled cardboard into dry food[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2016,(242):1727-1733.
[53]Fiselier K,Grob K.Barriers against the migration of mineral oil from paperboard food packaging:experimental determination of breakthrough periods[J].Pack Technol Sci 2012,25(5):285-301.
[2]Lorenzini R.Food safety and mineral oil contaminated paperboard packaging:An analytical challenge and a migration study[D].Italy:Universitàdi Bologna,2012.
[3]李兊亚,王志伟,胡长鹰.食品及食品包装纸中矿物油的研究迚展[Z].Li KY,Wang ZW,Hu CY.Research progress of mineral oil in food and food packaging paper[Z].
[4]Lommatzsch M,Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,et al.Functional barriers or adsorbent to reduce the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled cardboard into dry food[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2016,242(10):1-7.
[5]European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Scientific opinion on mineral oil hydrocarbons in food[J].EFSA J,2012,10(6):1-185,2704.
[6]Grob K.Mineral oil hydrocarbons in food-a review[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2018.doi:10.1080/19440049.2018.1488185.
[7]Fengler R.Does recycled packaging contaminate fast foods[J].Forum Sci,2017.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318562422.
[8]Barp L,Kornauth C,Wuerger T,et al.Mineral oil in human tissue,Part I:Concentrations and molecular mass distributions[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2014,(72):312-321.
[9]Barp L,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Accumulation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in female Fischer 344 rats:Comparison with human data and consequences for risk assessment[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,(575):1263-1278.
[10]Barp L,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in female Fischer 344 rats,accumulation of wax components,implications for risk assessment[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,(583):319-333.
[11]Cravedi JP,Grob K,Nygaard UC,et al.Bioaccumulation and toxicity of mineral oil hydrocarbons in rats-specificity of different subclasses of a broad mixture relevant for human dietary exposures[J].EFSA Support Publ,2017,14(2):1-98.
[12]Adenug D,Goyak K,Lewis RJ.Evaluating the MoA/human relevance framework for F-344 rat liver epithelioid granulomas with mineral oil hydrocarbons[J].Crit Rev Toxicol,2017.doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2017.1319336.
[13]World Health Organization.Evaluation of certain food additive[R].WHO:Geneva,2002.
[14]Lommatzsch M,Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,et al.Functional barriers or adsorbent to reduce the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled cardboard into dry food[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2016,(242):1727-1733.
[15]Guazzotti V,Giussani B,Piergiovanni L,et al.Screening for chemicals in paper and board packaging for food use:Chemometric approach and estimation of migration[J].Pack Technol Sci,2014,doi:10.1002/pts.2109.
[16]Diehl H,Welle F.How to determine functional barrier performance towards mineral oil contaminants from recycled cardboard[J].Food Pack Shelf Life,2015,(5):41-49.
[17]Greye J.Development of analysis method for determination of mineral oil contamination in cardboard[D].Finland:University of Jyv?skyl?,2016.
[18]Biedermann M,Grob K.On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the analysis of contamination by mineral oil.Part 1:Method of analysis[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1255):56-75.
[19]Biedermann M,Grob K.On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the analysis of contamination by mineral oil.Part 2:Migration from paperboard into dry foods:Interpretation of chromatograms[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1255):76-99.
[20]Moret S,Barp L,Grob K,et al.Optimised off-line SPE-GC-FID method for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in vegetable oils[J].Food Chem,2011,(129):1898-1903.
[21]Moret S,Barp L,Purcaro G,et al.Rapid and sensitive solid phase extraction-large volume injection-gas chromatography for the analysis of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in cardboard and dried foods[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1243):1-5.
[22]Fiselier K,Grundb?cka F,Sch?nb K,et al.Development of a manual method for the determination of mineral oil in foods and paperboard[J].JChromatogr A,2013,1271(1):192-200.
[23]Liu LL,Huang H,Wu YW,et al.Offline solid-phase extraction large-volume injection-gas chromatography for the analysis of mineral oil-saturated hydrocarbons in commercial vegetable oils[J].J Oleo Sci,2017,66(9):981-990.
[24]Li BN,Wu YW,Liu LL,et al.Determination of mineral oil-saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)in vegetable oils by large scale off-line SPEcombined with GC-FID[J].J Am Oil Chem Soc,2017,(94):215-223.
[25]Lacoste F.International validation of the determination of saturated hydrocarbon mineral oil in vegetable oils[J].Eur J Lipid Sci Technol,2016,(118):373-381.
[26]Weber S,Schrag K,Mildau G,et al.Analytical methods for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons(MOSH)and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons(MOAH)-a short review[J].Anal Chem Insights,2018,(13):1-16.
[27]Heyst AV,Vanlancker M,Vercammen J,et al.Analysis of mineral oil in food:Results of a Belgian market survey[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1512758
[28]Biedermann M,Munoz C,Grob K.Update of on-line coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the analysis of mineral oil hydrocarbons in foods and cosmetics[J].J Chromatogr A,2017,(1521):140-149.
[29]Spack LW,Leszczyk G,Varela J,et al.Understanding the contamination of food with mineral oil:The need for a confirmatory analytical and procedural approach[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2017.doi:10.1080/19440049.2017.1306655.
[30]Biedermann M,McCombie,Grob K,et al.FID or MS for mineral oil analysis[J].J Consum Prot Food Saf,2017.doi:10.1007/s00003-017-1127-8.
[31]Nestola M,Schmidt TC.Determination of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils and fats by online liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection-Evaluation of automated removal strategies for biogenic olefins[J].J Chromatogr A,2017,(1505):69-76.
[32]Nestola M.Multimensional high-performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography(HPLC-GC)hyphenation techniques for food analysis in routine environments[D].Germany:Universit?t Duisburg-Essen,2016.
[33]Biedermann M,Grob K.Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for characterizing mineral oils in foods and distinguishing them from synthetic hydrocarbons[J].J Chromatogr A,2015,(1375):146-153.
[34]Biedermanna M,Barp L,Kornauth C,et al.Mineral oil in human tissues,Part II:Characterization of the accumulated hydrocarbons by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography[J].Sci Total Environ,2015,(506-507):644-655.
[35]Zoccali M,Barp L,Beccaria M,et al.Improvement of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons determination in edible oil by liquid-liquid-gas chromatography with dual detection[J].J Sep Sci,2016,(39):623-631.
[36]Mondello L,Zoccali M,Purcaro G,et al.Determination of saturated-hydrocarbon contamination in baby foods by using on-line liquid-gas chromatography and off-line liquid chromatographycomprehensive gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry[J].J Chromatogr A,2012,(1255):56-75.
[37]Tranchida PQ,Zoccalia M,Purcarob G,et al.A rapid multidimensional liquid-gas chromatography method for the analysis of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons in vegetable oils[J].J Chromatogr A,2011,(1218):7476-7480.
[38]Biedermann M,Grob K.Is recycled newspaper suitable for food contact materials?Technical grade mineral oils from printing inks[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2010,(230):785-796.
[39]Lorenzinia R,Fiselier K,Biedermann M,et al.Saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons from paperboard food packaging:estimation of long-term migration from contents in the paperboard and data on boxes from the market[J].Food Add Contam,2010,27(12):1765-1774.
[40]Vollmer A,Biedermann M,Grundb?ck F,et al.Migration of mineral oil from printed paperboard into dry foods:Survey of the German market[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2011,(232):175-182.
[41]Biedermann M,Ingenhoff JE,Dima G,et al.Migration of mineral oil from printed paperboard into dry foods:Survey of the German market.Part II:Advancement of migration during storage[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2013,(236):459-472.
[42]Biedermann M,Uematsu Y,Grob K.Mineral oil contents in paper and board recycled to paperboard for food packaging[J].Pack Technol Sci,2011,(24):61-73.
[43]Dima G,Verzera A,Grob K.Migration of mineral oil from party plates of recycled paperboard into foods:1.Is recycled paperboard fit for the purpose?2.Adequate testing procedure[J].Food Add Contam,2011,28(11):1619-1628.
[44]Lorenzini R,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Migration kinetics of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled paperboard to dry food:Monitoring of two real cases[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2013,30(4):760-770.
[45]Zurfluh M,Biedermann M,Grob K,et al.Simulation of the migration of mineral oil from recycled paperboard into dry foods by Tenax?[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2013,30(5):909-918.
[46]US 9464386 B2 Fixation of mineral oil in paper food packaging with laccase to prevent mineral oil migration into food[S].
[47]Biedermann M,Schum R,Grob K.Activated carbon added to recycled paperboard to prevent migration into food:Approach for determining efficacy and first results[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2018https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1506162.
[48]Biedermann-Brem S,Grob K.Removal of mineral oil migrated from paperboard packing during cooking of foods in boiling water[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2011,(232):1035-1041.
[49]Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,Simat TJ,et al.Internal bags with barrier layers for foods packed in recycled paperboard:recent progress[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2014,(239):215-225.
[50]Biedermann M,Ingenhoff JE,Zurfluh M,et al.Migration of mineral oil,photoinitiators and plasticisers from recycled paperboard into dry foods:Astudy under controlled conditions[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2013,30(5):885-898.
[51]Barp L,Suman M,Lambertini F,et al.Migration of selected hydrocarbon contaminants into dry semolina and egg pasta packed in direct contact with virgin paperboard and polypropylene film[J].Food Add Contam:Part A,2015,32(9):1542-1551.
[52]Lommatzsch M,Richter L,Biedermann-Brem S,et al.Functional barriers or adsorbent to reduce the migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled cardboard into dry food[J].Eur Food Res Technol,2016,(242):1727-1733.
[53]Fiselier K,Grob K.Barriers against the migration of mineral oil from paperboard food packaging:experimental determination of breakthrough periods[J].Pack Technol Sci 2012,25(5):285-301.