苏盖特布拉克剖面肖尔布拉克组储层建模研究及其勘探意义
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摘要
明确塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克组储层的品质、规模及分布规律对指导寒武系盐下领域的勘探具有重要意义。通过对柯坪地区苏盖特布拉克剖面的解剖,阐明了肖尔布拉克组主要发育与藻(蓝细菌)有关的微生物白云岩(层纹石白云岩、凝块石白云岩、叠层石白云岩和藻格架白云岩)、黏结藻屑白云岩、藻砂屑白云岩、泥—粉晶白云岩和含砂屑泥—粉晶白云岩,自下而上的岩相组合指示缓坡型台地沉积特征;孔隙类型主要为溶蚀孔洞,粒(晶)间溶孔和藻格架溶孔,总体具有中高孔—中低渗的特征,孔隙的发育与岩相具有明显的相关性,其中藻砂屑白云岩和具有格架结构的微生物白云岩储层物性最好;通过二维地质建模及基于数字露头的三维地质建模,揭示了肖尔布拉克组储层具有较好的层位性、相控性和规模性,古隆起围斜部位的中缓坡丘滩体是储层发育的有利相带。
Studying the quality and distribution law of the Xiaoerblak Formation(Fm.) is significant for guiding the exploration of Cambrian sub-salt area. The quality and scale of the reservoir are the main factors causing the restriction of further exploration in the Xiaoerblak Fm. of the Lower Cambrian, Tarim Basin. This study takes the Sugaiteblak Section in the Keping area as an example. Based on the detailed description, physical properties analysis, and three-dimensional(3 D) reservoir geological modeling in the Xiaoerblak Fm., we found that microbial dolomite(including laminate, thrombolite, stromatolite, and microbial framework dolomite), dolarenite, and muddy to micritic dolomite are the main rock types indicating the sedimentary characteristics of the ramp. Vugs, intergranular dissolved pores(or intercrystalline pores), and framework pores are the main reservoir spaces, which have an obvious correlation with lithofacies. Among them, dolarenite and microbial framework dolomite are the most favorable reservoir rocks. Generally speaking, the reservoir has characteristics of middle-high porosity and middle-low permeability. The scale development of the reservoir was controlled by a high frequency sequence and sedimentary microfacies, and microbial mounds and shoals in the middle ramp around the ancient uplift are the favorable facies zones.
Studying the quality and distribution law of the Xiaoerblak Formation(Fm.) is significant for guiding the exploration of Cambrian sub-salt area. The quality and scale of the reservoir are the main factors causing the restriction of further exploration in the Xiaoerblak Fm. of the Lower Cambrian, Tarim Basin. This study takes the Sugaiteblak Section in the Keping area as an example. Based on the detailed description, physical properties analysis, and three-dimensional(3 D) reservoir geological modeling in the Xiaoerblak Fm., we found that microbial dolomite(including laminate, thrombolite, stromatolite, and microbial framework dolomite), dolarenite, and muddy to micritic dolomite are the main rock types indicating the sedimentary characteristics of the ramp. Vugs, intergranular dissolved pores(or intercrystalline pores), and framework pores are the main reservoir spaces, which have an obvious correlation with lithofacies. Among them, dolarenite and microbial framework dolomite are the most favorable reservoir rocks. Generally speaking, the reservoir has characteristics of middle-high porosity and middle-low permeability. The scale development of the reservoir was controlled by a high frequency sequence and sedimentary microfacies, and microbial mounds and shoals in the middle ramp around the ancient uplift are the favorable facies zones.
引文
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[17] 熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.[Xiong Yixue,Chen Yongquan,Guan Baozhu,et al.Distribution of northern platform margin and implications to favorable exploration regions on Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(2):408-415.]
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[22] 罗平,王石,李朋威,等.微生物碳酸盐岩油气储层研究现状与展望[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):807-823.[Luo Ping,Wang Shi,Li Pengwei,et al.Review and prospectives of microbial carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):807-823.]
[23] 严威,郑剑锋,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层特征及成因[J].海相油气地质,2017,22(4):35-43.[Yan Wei,Zheng Jianfeng,Chen Yongquan,et al.Characteristics and genesis of dolomite reservoir in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2017,22(4):35-43.]
[24] Moore C H.Carbonate reservoirs:porosity,evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:145-183.
[25] 赵文智,沈安江,郑剑锋,等.塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地白云岩储层孔隙成因探讨及对储层预测的指导意义[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2014,44(9):1925-1939.[Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,et al.The porosity origin of dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins and its implication to reservoir prediction[J].Science China (Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2014,44(9):1925-1939.]
[2] 郑和荣,吴茂炳,邬兴威,等.塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩储层油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):1-8.[Zheng Herong,Wu Maobing,Wu Xingwei,et al.Oil-gas exploration prospect of dolomite reservoir in the Lower Paleozoic of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):1-8.]
[3] 杜金虎,潘文庆.塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩油气成藏条件与勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):327-339.[Du Jinhu,Pan Wenqing.Accumulation conditions and play targets of oil and gas in the Cambrian subsalt dolomite,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):327-339.]
[4] 郑剑锋,沈安江,刘永福,等.塔里木盆地寒武系与蒸发岩相关的白云岩储层特征及主控因素[J].沉积学报,2013,31(1):89-98.[Zheng Jianfeng,Shen Anjiang,Liu Yongfu,et al.Main controlling factors and characteristics of Cambrian dolomite reservoirs related to evaporite in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(1):89-98.]
[5] 王招明,谢会文,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中深1井寒武系盐下白云岩原生油气藏的发现与勘探意义[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):1-13.[Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,Chen Yongquan,et al.Discovery and exploration of Cambrian subsalt dolomite original hydrocarbon reservoir at Zhongshen-1 well in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):1-13.]
[6] 黄智斌,罗任辉,赖生华,等.塔里木油田野外地质考察基地建设(柯坪—巴楚)[R].塔里木油田科研报告,2008:9-11.[Huang Zhibin,Luo Renhui,Lai Shenghua,et al.Construction of the research base in Tarim Basin (Keping and Bachu area)[R].Research Report of Tarim Oilfield,2008:9-11.]
[7] 陈文玲,罗平,单钰铭,等.塔里木苏盖特布拉克地区肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层特征分析[J].石油地质与工程,2010,24(1):12-15.[Chen Wenling,Luo Ping,Shan Yuming,et al.Characteristics analysis of Xiaorbulak Formation dolomite rock reservoir in Tarim Sugetbulak area[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2010,24(1):12-15.]
[8] 宋金民,罗平,杨式升,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):404-413,437.[Song Jinmin,Luo Ping,Yang Shisheng,et al.Reservoirs of Lower Cambrian microbial carbonates,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):404-413,437.]
[9] 王凯,关平,邓世彪,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物礁储集性研究及油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2016,34(2):386-396.[Wang Kai,Guan Ping,Deng Shibiao,et al.Reservoirs of the Lower Cambrian microbial reefs and its significance on petroleum exploration,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(2):386-396.]
[10] 黄擎宇,胡素云,潘文庆,等.台内微生物丘沉积特征及其对储层发育的控制:以塔里木盆地柯坪—巴楚地区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组为例[J].地质勘探,2016,36(6):21-29.[Huang Qingyu,Hu Suyun,Pan Wenqing,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of intra-platform microbial mounds and their controlling effects on the development of reservoirs:A case study of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Fm in the Keping-Bachu area,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(6):21-29.]
[11] 贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-438.[Jia Chengzao,et al.Tectonic characteristics and petroleum of Tarim Basin,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:1-438.]
[12] 杨鑫,徐旭辉,陈强路,等.塔里木盆地前寒武纪古构造格局及其对下寒武统烃源岩发育的控制作用[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(8):1164-1171.[Yang Xin,Xu Xuhui,Chen Qianglu,et al.Palaeotectonics pattern in Pre-Cambrian and its control on the deposition of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(8):1164-1171.]
[13] 潘文庆,陈永权,熊益学,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩沉积相研究及其油气勘探指导意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1224-1232.[Pan Wenqing,Chen Yongquan,Xiong Yixue,et al.Sedimentary facies research and implications to advantaged exploration regions on Lower Cambrian source rocks,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1224-1232.]
[14] 于炳松.塔里木盆地北部寒武纪海平面变化研究[J].沉积学报,1996,14(1):33-39.[Yu Bingsong.Study on sea-level change of Cambrian in northern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(1):33-39.]
[15] 杨永剑,刘家铎,田景春,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪层序岩相古地理特征[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):450-459.[Yang Yongjian,Liu Jiaduo,Tian Jingchun,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography of Cambrian in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(3):450-459.]
[16] 刘伟,张光亚,潘文庆,等.塔里木地区寒武纪岩相古地理及沉积演化[J].古地理学报,2011,13(5):529-538.[Liu Wei,Zhang Guangya,Pan Wenqing,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography and sedimentary evolution of the Cambrian in Tarim[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,139(5):529-538.]
[17] 熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.[Xiong Yixue,Chen Yongquan,Guan Baozhu,et al.Distribution of northern platform margin and implications to favorable exploration regions on Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(2):408-415.]
[18] 沈安江,郑剑锋,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层特征、成因及分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):340-349.[Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,Chen Yongquan,et al.Characteristics,origin and distribution of dolomite reservoirs in Lower-Middle Cambrian,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):340-349.]
[19] Nokffe N,Gerdes G,Klenke T,et al.Microbially induced sedimentary structures:A new category within the classification of primary sedimentary structures[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2011,71(5):649-656.
[20] Riding R.Microbial carbonates:the geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms[J].Sedimentology,2000,47(S1):179-214.
[21] Riding R.Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mud mounds:concepts and categories[J].Earth-science Reviews,2002,58(1/2):163-231.
[22] 罗平,王石,李朋威,等.微生物碳酸盐岩油气储层研究现状与展望[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):807-823.[Luo Ping,Wang Shi,Li Pengwei,et al.Review and prospectives of microbial carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):807-823.]
[23] 严威,郑剑锋,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层特征及成因[J].海相油气地质,2017,22(4):35-43.[Yan Wei,Zheng Jianfeng,Chen Yongquan,et al.Characteristics and genesis of dolomite reservoir in the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2017,22(4):35-43.]
[24] Moore C H.Carbonate reservoirs:porosity,evolution and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2001:145-183.
[25] 赵文智,沈安江,郑剑锋,等.塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯盆地白云岩储层孔隙成因探讨及对储层预测的指导意义[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2014,44(9):1925-1939.[Zhao Wenzhi,Shen Anjiang,Zheng Jianfeng,et al.The porosity origin of dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins and its implication to reservoir prediction[J].Science China (Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2014,44(9):1925-1939.]