南秦岭略阳地区略阳组牙形刺新材料及其时代意义
|
摘要
略阳组分布于南秦岭勉略缝合带附近,是略阳地区重要的岩石地层单元。本次研究在略阳灵岩寺南部剖面的略阳组获得牙形刺13枚,共识别出3属5种,包含2亚种和2未定种,分别为:Siphonodella homosimplex,Polygnathus communis communis,Po.inornatus inornatus,Po. sp.和Pseudopolygnathus sp.。该牙形刺组合可以与华南同时期牙形刺进行对比,时代为早石炭世杜内期早期,这为确定略阳组的下部层位的具体时代提供了新的牙形刺证据。略阳组中所产出的Si.homosimplex为华南地区浅水相牙形刺的典型代表,Po.inornatus inornatus广泛见于西欧的浅水相地层,这表明在早石炭世期间勉略地区为浅水碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境,且与华南地区生物区系存在紧密联系,同前人根据底栖生物化石研究得出的结论相一致。
The carbonate-dominated and fossiliferous Lueyang Formation is stratigraphically important for the Mian-xian—Lueyang area, Shaanxi Province, which is located in the middle part of the Central Orogenic Belt in China. Thirteen conodont specimens have been obtained from the Lueyang Formation at the South Lingyan temple section. Five species belonging to three genera(including two subspecies and two indeterminate species) are present. This conodont fauna is composed of Siphonodella homosimplex, Polygnathus communis communis, Po. inornatus inornatus, Po. sp. and Pseudopolygnahtus sp.. The Lueyang fauna can be biostratigraphically correlated with the earliest Carboniferous stratigraphic sections in South China, suggesting an early Touranisian age of the Early Carboniferous. This condont biostratigraphy provides age dating of the lower part of the Lueyang Formation. The most stratigraphically important Si. homosimplex yielded in the Lueyang Formation characterizes a typical shallow-water setting in south China, while the other age-diagnostic taxon in the Lueyang conodont assemblage, Po. inornatus innornatus, has been widely reported from the shallow-water carbonates of West Europe. All these suggest that the Lueyang area was located on a shallow water carbonate platform and had a close relation with the South China Bioprovince during the Early Carboniferous. This result is consistent with previous conclusions drawn based on benthic fossil groups.
The carbonate-dominated and fossiliferous Lueyang Formation is stratigraphically important for the Mian-xian—Lueyang area, Shaanxi Province, which is located in the middle part of the Central Orogenic Belt in China. Thirteen conodont specimens have been obtained from the Lueyang Formation at the South Lingyan temple section. Five species belonging to three genera(including two subspecies and two indeterminate species) are present. This conodont fauna is composed of Siphonodella homosimplex, Polygnathus communis communis, Po. inornatus inornatus, Po. sp. and Pseudopolygnahtus sp.. The Lueyang fauna can be biostratigraphically correlated with the earliest Carboniferous stratigraphic sections in South China, suggesting an early Touranisian age of the Early Carboniferous. This condont biostratigraphy provides age dating of the lower part of the Lueyang Formation. The most stratigraphically important Si. homosimplex yielded in the Lueyang Formation characterizes a typical shallow-water setting in south China, while the other age-diagnostic taxon in the Lueyang conodont assemblage, Po. inornatus innornatus, has been widely reported from the shallow-water carbonates of West Europe. All these suggest that the Lueyang area was located on a shallow water carbonate platform and had a close relation with the South China Bioprovince during the Early Carboniferous. This result is consistent with previous conclusions drawn based on benthic fossil groups.
引文
王旭日,2011.牙形刺管刺类群的演化、分类及其分带.中国地质科学院博士学位论文,1-99
王治平,杨逢清,1988.中国石炭纪古生物地理与古气候.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,13(5):495-502
冯益民,曹宣铎,张二朋,2004.勉县—略阳带大地构造属性之探讨.地质论评,50(3):295-303
地质部地质科学院三室,1963.秦岭化石手册.北京:中国工业出版社.1-255
杜远生,盛吉虎,冯庆来等,1998.南秦岭勉略古缝合带非史密斯地层和古海洋新知.现代地质,12(1):26-31
杜远生,盛吉虎,顾松竹,1999a.南秦岭勉略构造混杂岩带非史密斯地层系统和地层格架.地质论评,45(6):563-570
杜远生,盛吉虎,韩欣等,1999b.南秦岭勉(县)略(阳)构造混杂岩带的泥盆纪-石炭纪古海洋演化.古地理学报,1(4):54-60
杜定汉,周之军,王武原等,1987.陕西秦巴地区泥盆系研究.西安:西安交通大学出版社.1-230
张国伟,2015.秦岭勉略构造带与中国大陆构造.北京:科学出版社.1-501
季强,1985.浅淡牙形刺Siphonodella属的演化、分类、分带及其生物相.中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,11:51-75
季强,1987a.湖南江华早石炭世牙形刺及其地层意义——兼论岩关阶内部事件.中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,16:115-141
季强,1987b.从牙形类研究看中国浅水相泥盆系与石炭系分界.地质学报,61(1):10-21
季强,2004.泥盆纪-石炭纪之交的牙形类动物群演替与界线层型研究.地层古生物论文集,111-123
季强,魏家庸,王洪第等,1988.贵州长顺睦化泥盆-石炭系界线层型研究的新进展——介绍大坡上泥盆-石炭系界线剖面.地质学报,62(2):97-110
金同安,1983.对略阳灰岩时代的一点认识.西北地质,4:51-66
李亚林,李三忠,张国伟,2002.秦岭勉略缝合带组成与古洋盆演化.中国地质,29(2):129-134
孟庆任,张国伟,于在平等,1996.秦岭南缘晚古生代裂谷—有限洋盆沉积作用及构造演化.中国科学:地球科学,26(增刊):28-33
孟庆任,2017.秦岭的由来.中国科学:地球科学,47(4):412-420
陕西省地质局秦岭区域地质测量队,1961.1:20万略阳幅地质矿产图说明书
陕西省地质矿产局,1998.陕西省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-291
杨式溥,侯鸿飞,高联达等,1980.中国的石炭系.地质学报,54(3):167-175
赵亚曾,黄汲清,1931.秦岭山及四川之地质研究.地质专报,甲种第九号,1-287
侯鸿飞,季强,吴祥和等,1985.贵州睦化泥盆-石炭系界线.北京:地质出版社.1-226
殷鸿福,梁有基,徐桂荣等,1988.中国古生物地理学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-329
秦国荣,赵汝璇,季强,1988.粤北晚泥盆世和早石炭世牙形刺的发现及其地层意义.微体古生物学报,5(1):57-71
谈力,李鑫,孙元林,2011.鄂西地区长阳组时代问题.地层学杂志,35(1):8-18
曹宣铎,赵江天,胡云绪,1995.秦岭石炭纪古海洋特征及古地理再造.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,20(6):624-630
谭正修,李寿耆,董振常等,1987.湖南晚泥盆世和早石炭世地层及古生物群.北京:地质出版社.1-200
ATAKUL-OZDEMIR A,2015.Hastarian/Ivorian (Tournaisian) boundary based on conodont biostratigraphy in the eastern Taurides,Turkey.Journal of African Earth Sciences,112(Part A):15-23
AUSTIN R L,DAVIES R B,1984.Problems of recognition and implications of Dinantian conodont biofacies in the British Isles.In:Clark D L (ed.),Conodont Biofacies and Provincialism.Geological Society of America Special Paper,196:195-228
BRANSON E B,1934.Conodonts from the Hannibal Formation of Missouri.Missouri University Studies,8:301-334
BRANSON E B,MEHL M G,1934.Conodonts from the Bushberg sandstone and equivalent formations of Missouri.Missouri University Studies,8:265-300
BUREAU of Geology and Mining of Shaanxi Province,1998.Lithostratigraphy of Shaanxi Province.Wuhan:China University of Geoscineces Publishing House.1-291
CAO Xuanduo,ZHAO Jiangtian,HU Yunxu,1995.Features and reconstruction of Carboniferous Qinling Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,20(6):624-630
DU Dinghan,ZHOU Zhijun,WANG Yuanwu et al.,1987.Research of the Devonian System of Qin-Ba Region within the Territory of Shaanxi.Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press.1-230
DU Yuansheng,SHENG Jihu,FENG Qinglai et al.,1998.New recognition of Non-Smith stratigraphy and paleoceanography of Mianxian-Lueyang paleosuture in Sourthern Qinling,China.Geoscience,12(1):26-31
DU Yuansheng,SHENG Jihu,GU Songzhu,1999a.Stratigraphic System and Framework of Non-Smith Strata in Mianxian-Lue-yang Tectonic Melange Belt,South Qinling Moutains.Geolo-gical Review,45(6):563-570
DU Yuansheng,SHENG Jihu,HAN Xin et al.,1999b.Palaeoocean evolution of Devonian-Carboniferous in Tectonic Melange zone of Mianxian-Lueyang in South Qinling Mountains.Journal of Palaeogeography,1(4):54-60
FENG Yimin,CAO Xuanduo,ZHANG Erpeng,2004.Discussion on the Tectonic Features of the Mianxian-Lueyang Zone.Geological Review,50(3):295-303
HABIBI T,CORRADINI C,YAZDI M,2008.Conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Shahmirzad section,central Alborz,Iran.Geobios,41(6):763-777
HOU Hongfei,JI Qiang,WU Xianghe et al.,1985.Muhua sections of Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds.Beijing :Geological Publishing House.1-226
JI Qiang,1985.Study on the Phylogeny,taxonomy,zonation and biofacies of Siphonodella (conodonta).Bulletin of the institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,11:51-75
JI Qiang,1987a.Early Carboniferous Conodonts from Jianghua County of Hunan Province,and their Stratigraphic Value:with a discussion on the Mid-Aikuannian Event.Bulletin of the Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,16:115-141
JI Qiang,1987b.The boundary between the Devonian and Carboni-ferous systems of shallow-water facies as viewed in the light of conodont studies.Acta Geologica Sinica,61(1):10-21
JI Qiang,WEI Jiayong,WANG Hongdi et al.,1988.New advances in the study on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary stratotype in Muhua,Changshun,Guizhou:an introduction to the Dapou-shang Devonian-Carboniferous Boudary Section.Acta Geologica Sinica,62(2):97-110
JI Qiang,ZIEGLER W,1992.Phylogeny,speciation,and zonation of Siphonodella of shallow water facies (Conodonta,Early Carboniferous).Courier Forschungs Institut Senckenberg,154:223-251
JI Qiang,2004.On the change of conodonts near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary.Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Paleontology,111-123
JIN Tongan,1983.The understanding about the age of Lueyang Limestone.Northwestern Geology,4:51-66
JOHNSTON I S,HIGGINS A C,1981.Conodont faunas from the Lower Carboniferous rocks at Hook Head,county Wexford.Journal of Earth Sciences,4:83-96
LI Yalin,LI Sanzhong,ZHANG Guowei,2002.Composition of the Mianlue suture zone and its relation with the evolution of the old oceanic basin.Geology in China,29(2):129-134
MENG Qingren,ZHANG Guowei,YU Zaiping et al.,1996.The deposition and tectonic evolution of Late Paleozoic rift-limited ocean basin in south margin of Qinling area.Science in China:Earth Sciences,26(Supplment):28-33
MENG Qingren,2017.Origin of the Qinling Mountains.Scientia Sinica Terrae,47(4):412-420
MINISTRY of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,3rd department,1963.The Fossils Catalogue of Qinling Moutains.Beijing:China Industry Publishing House.1-255
NORIS G,1981.Conodonts and Biostratigraphy of Mississippian Brazer Dolomite,Crawfrod Mountians,Utah.Journal of Pa-leontology,55(6):1270-1283
QIE Wenkun,ZHANG Xionghua,DU Yuansheng et al.,2014.Conodont biostratigraphy of Tournaisian shallow-water carbonates in central Guangxi,South China.Geobios,47(6):389-401
QIE Wenkun,WANG Xiangdong,ZHANG Xiangdong et al.,2016.Latest Devonian to earliest Carboniferous conodont and carbon isotope stratigraphy of a shallow-water sequence in South China.Geological Journal,51(6):915-935
QIN Guorong,ZHAO Ruxuan,JI Qiang,1988.Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous conodonts from northern Guangdong and their stratigraphic significance.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,5(1):51-57
RHODES F H T,AUSTING R L,DRUCE E C,1969.British Avonian (Carboniferous) conodont faunas,and their value in local and intercontinental correlation.Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History),5:1-313
SANDBERG C A,ZIEGLER W,LEUTERITZ K et al.,1978.Phylogeny,speciation,and zonation of Siphonodella (Conodonta,Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous).Newsletters on Stratigraphy,7:102-120
SHAANXI Geological and Mineral Bureau Regional Geological Survey Team,1961.1:200 thousand Lueyang Province Direction of Geological and Mineral Map
TAN Li,LI Xin,SUN Yuanlin,2011.On age of the Changyang Formation of Western Hubei.Journal of Stratigraphy,35(1):8-18
TAN Zhengxiu,LI Shouqi,DONG Zhenchang et al.,1987.The Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous strata and palaeobiocoenosis of Hunan.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-200
WANG Xuri,2011.The phylogeny,speciation and zonation of Sphonodellid group (conodonts).Dissertation Submitted to Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences for Doctoral Degree,1-99
WANG Zhiping,YANG Fengqing,1988.Carboniferous Palaeobiogeography and Palaeoclimate of China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,13(5):495-502
YANG Shipu,HOU Hongfei,GAO Lianda et al.,1980.The Carboniferous system of China.Acta Geologica Sinica,54(3):167-175
YIN Hongfu,LIANG Youji,XU Guirong et al.,1988.Paleobiogeography of China.Wuhan:China University of Geosicences Press.1-329
ZHANG Guowei,2015.The Mianlue Tectonic Zone of the Qinling Orogen and China Continental Tectonics.Beijing:Science Press.1-501
ZHAO Yazeng,HUANG Jiqing,1933.The study of Geology in Qinling Mountains and Sichuan Province.Geological Memoirs,9:1-287
王治平,杨逢清,1988.中国石炭纪古生物地理与古气候.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,13(5):495-502
冯益民,曹宣铎,张二朋,2004.勉县—略阳带大地构造属性之探讨.地质论评,50(3):295-303
地质部地质科学院三室,1963.秦岭化石手册.北京:中国工业出版社.1-255
杜远生,盛吉虎,冯庆来等,1998.南秦岭勉略古缝合带非史密斯地层和古海洋新知.现代地质,12(1):26-31
杜远生,盛吉虎,顾松竹,1999a.南秦岭勉略构造混杂岩带非史密斯地层系统和地层格架.地质论评,45(6):563-570
杜远生,盛吉虎,韩欣等,1999b.南秦岭勉(县)略(阳)构造混杂岩带的泥盆纪-石炭纪古海洋演化.古地理学报,1(4):54-60
杜定汉,周之军,王武原等,1987.陕西秦巴地区泥盆系研究.西安:西安交通大学出版社.1-230
张国伟,2015.秦岭勉略构造带与中国大陆构造.北京:科学出版社.1-501
季强,1985.浅淡牙形刺Siphonodella属的演化、分类、分带及其生物相.中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,11:51-75
季强,1987a.湖南江华早石炭世牙形刺及其地层意义——兼论岩关阶内部事件.中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,16:115-141
季强,1987b.从牙形类研究看中国浅水相泥盆系与石炭系分界.地质学报,61(1):10-21
季强,2004.泥盆纪-石炭纪之交的牙形类动物群演替与界线层型研究.地层古生物论文集,111-123
季强,魏家庸,王洪第等,1988.贵州长顺睦化泥盆-石炭系界线层型研究的新进展——介绍大坡上泥盆-石炭系界线剖面.地质学报,62(2):97-110
金同安,1983.对略阳灰岩时代的一点认识.西北地质,4:51-66
李亚林,李三忠,张国伟,2002.秦岭勉略缝合带组成与古洋盆演化.中国地质,29(2):129-134
孟庆任,张国伟,于在平等,1996.秦岭南缘晚古生代裂谷—有限洋盆沉积作用及构造演化.中国科学:地球科学,26(增刊):28-33
孟庆任,2017.秦岭的由来.中国科学:地球科学,47(4):412-420
陕西省地质局秦岭区域地质测量队,1961.1:20万略阳幅地质矿产图说明书
陕西省地质矿产局,1998.陕西省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-291
杨式溥,侯鸿飞,高联达等,1980.中国的石炭系.地质学报,54(3):167-175
赵亚曾,黄汲清,1931.秦岭山及四川之地质研究.地质专报,甲种第九号,1-287
侯鸿飞,季强,吴祥和等,1985.贵州睦化泥盆-石炭系界线.北京:地质出版社.1-226
殷鸿福,梁有基,徐桂荣等,1988.中国古生物地理学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-329
秦国荣,赵汝璇,季强,1988.粤北晚泥盆世和早石炭世牙形刺的发现及其地层意义.微体古生物学报,5(1):57-71
谈力,李鑫,孙元林,2011.鄂西地区长阳组时代问题.地层学杂志,35(1):8-18
曹宣铎,赵江天,胡云绪,1995.秦岭石炭纪古海洋特征及古地理再造.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,20(6):624-630
谭正修,李寿耆,董振常等,1987.湖南晚泥盆世和早石炭世地层及古生物群.北京:地质出版社.1-200
ATAKUL-OZDEMIR A,2015.Hastarian/Ivorian (Tournaisian) boundary based on conodont biostratigraphy in the eastern Taurides,Turkey.Journal of African Earth Sciences,112(Part A):15-23
AUSTIN R L,DAVIES R B,1984.Problems of recognition and implications of Dinantian conodont biofacies in the British Isles.In:Clark D L (ed.),Conodont Biofacies and Provincialism.Geological Society of America Special Paper,196:195-228
BRANSON E B,1934.Conodonts from the Hannibal Formation of Missouri.Missouri University Studies,8:301-334
BRANSON E B,MEHL M G,1934.Conodonts from the Bushberg sandstone and equivalent formations of Missouri.Missouri University Studies,8:265-300
BUREAU of Geology and Mining of Shaanxi Province,1998.Lithostratigraphy of Shaanxi Province.Wuhan:China University of Geoscineces Publishing House.1-291
CAO Xuanduo,ZHAO Jiangtian,HU Yunxu,1995.Features and reconstruction of Carboniferous Qinling Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,20(6):624-630
DU Dinghan,ZHOU Zhijun,WANG Yuanwu et al.,1987.Research of the Devonian System of Qin-Ba Region within the Territory of Shaanxi.Xi’an:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press.1-230
DU Yuansheng,SHENG Jihu,FENG Qinglai et al.,1998.New recognition of Non-Smith stratigraphy and paleoceanography of Mianxian-Lueyang paleosuture in Sourthern Qinling,China.Geoscience,12(1):26-31
DU Yuansheng,SHENG Jihu,GU Songzhu,1999a.Stratigraphic System and Framework of Non-Smith Strata in Mianxian-Lue-yang Tectonic Melange Belt,South Qinling Moutains.Geolo-gical Review,45(6):563-570
DU Yuansheng,SHENG Jihu,HAN Xin et al.,1999b.Palaeoocean evolution of Devonian-Carboniferous in Tectonic Melange zone of Mianxian-Lueyang in South Qinling Mountains.Journal of Palaeogeography,1(4):54-60
FENG Yimin,CAO Xuanduo,ZHANG Erpeng,2004.Discussion on the Tectonic Features of the Mianxian-Lueyang Zone.Geological Review,50(3):295-303
HABIBI T,CORRADINI C,YAZDI M,2008.Conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Shahmirzad section,central Alborz,Iran.Geobios,41(6):763-777
HOU Hongfei,JI Qiang,WU Xianghe et al.,1985.Muhua sections of Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds.Beijing :Geological Publishing House.1-226
JI Qiang,1985.Study on the Phylogeny,taxonomy,zonation and biofacies of Siphonodella (conodonta).Bulletin of the institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,11:51-75
JI Qiang,1987a.Early Carboniferous Conodonts from Jianghua County of Hunan Province,and their Stratigraphic Value:with a discussion on the Mid-Aikuannian Event.Bulletin of the Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,16:115-141
JI Qiang,1987b.The boundary between the Devonian and Carboni-ferous systems of shallow-water facies as viewed in the light of conodont studies.Acta Geologica Sinica,61(1):10-21
JI Qiang,WEI Jiayong,WANG Hongdi et al.,1988.New advances in the study on the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary stratotype in Muhua,Changshun,Guizhou:an introduction to the Dapou-shang Devonian-Carboniferous Boudary Section.Acta Geologica Sinica,62(2):97-110
JI Qiang,ZIEGLER W,1992.Phylogeny,speciation,and zonation of Siphonodella of shallow water facies (Conodonta,Early Carboniferous).Courier Forschungs Institut Senckenberg,154:223-251
JI Qiang,2004.On the change of conodonts near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary.Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Paleontology,111-123
JIN Tongan,1983.The understanding about the age of Lueyang Limestone.Northwestern Geology,4:51-66
JOHNSTON I S,HIGGINS A C,1981.Conodont faunas from the Lower Carboniferous rocks at Hook Head,county Wexford.Journal of Earth Sciences,4:83-96
LI Yalin,LI Sanzhong,ZHANG Guowei,2002.Composition of the Mianlue suture zone and its relation with the evolution of the old oceanic basin.Geology in China,29(2):129-134
MENG Qingren,ZHANG Guowei,YU Zaiping et al.,1996.The deposition and tectonic evolution of Late Paleozoic rift-limited ocean basin in south margin of Qinling area.Science in China:Earth Sciences,26(Supplment):28-33
MENG Qingren,2017.Origin of the Qinling Mountains.Scientia Sinica Terrae,47(4):412-420
MINISTRY of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,3rd department,1963.The Fossils Catalogue of Qinling Moutains.Beijing:China Industry Publishing House.1-255
NORIS G,1981.Conodonts and Biostratigraphy of Mississippian Brazer Dolomite,Crawfrod Mountians,Utah.Journal of Pa-leontology,55(6):1270-1283
QIE Wenkun,ZHANG Xionghua,DU Yuansheng et al.,2014.Conodont biostratigraphy of Tournaisian shallow-water carbonates in central Guangxi,South China.Geobios,47(6):389-401
QIE Wenkun,WANG Xiangdong,ZHANG Xiangdong et al.,2016.Latest Devonian to earliest Carboniferous conodont and carbon isotope stratigraphy of a shallow-water sequence in South China.Geological Journal,51(6):915-935
QIN Guorong,ZHAO Ruxuan,JI Qiang,1988.Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous conodonts from northern Guangdong and their stratigraphic significance.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,5(1):51-57
RHODES F H T,AUSTING R L,DRUCE E C,1969.British Avonian (Carboniferous) conodont faunas,and their value in local and intercontinental correlation.Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History),5:1-313
SANDBERG C A,ZIEGLER W,LEUTERITZ K et al.,1978.Phylogeny,speciation,and zonation of Siphonodella (Conodonta,Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous).Newsletters on Stratigraphy,7:102-120
SHAANXI Geological and Mineral Bureau Regional Geological Survey Team,1961.1:200 thousand Lueyang Province Direction of Geological and Mineral Map
TAN Li,LI Xin,SUN Yuanlin,2011.On age of the Changyang Formation of Western Hubei.Journal of Stratigraphy,35(1):8-18
TAN Zhengxiu,LI Shouqi,DONG Zhenchang et al.,1987.The Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous strata and palaeobiocoenosis of Hunan.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-200
WANG Xuri,2011.The phylogeny,speciation and zonation of Sphonodellid group (conodonts).Dissertation Submitted to Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences for Doctoral Degree,1-99
WANG Zhiping,YANG Fengqing,1988.Carboniferous Palaeobiogeography and Palaeoclimate of China.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,13(5):495-502
YANG Shipu,HOU Hongfei,GAO Lianda et al.,1980.The Carboniferous system of China.Acta Geologica Sinica,54(3):167-175
YIN Hongfu,LIANG Youji,XU Guirong et al.,1988.Paleobiogeography of China.Wuhan:China University of Geosicences Press.1-329
ZHANG Guowei,2015.The Mianlue Tectonic Zone of the Qinling Orogen and China Continental Tectonics.Beijing:Science Press.1-501
ZHAO Yazeng,HUANG Jiqing,1933.The study of Geology in Qinling Mountains and Sichuan Province.Geological Memoirs,9:1-287