超声波高频旋冲钻井技术破岩机理研究
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摘要
采用传统钻井技术钻进深部硬地层时机械钻速低,严重影响了深层和超深层油气的勘探开发进程,因此,将超声波破岩技术和传统旋转破岩技术相结合,提出了超声波高频旋冲破岩钻井技术,设计了可实现超声波高频旋冲钻井的超声波振动短节。基于岩石力学理论,分析了超声波高频旋冲破岩机理,并建立了高频冲击钻进模型。通过对高频冲击钻进数学模型进行无因次化数值分析,研究了高频冲击钻进的3个阶段,详细分析了钻压、频率和振幅对破岩效率的影响规律。研究发现:随着钻压和振幅增大,破岩效率随之提高;存在最优振动频率,在此振动频率下破岩效率最高。研究表明,超声波高频旋冲破岩钻井技术通过加快硬岩石疲劳损伤、减少钻头粘滑振动及合理利用共振能量3种方式提高深部硬地层的机械钻速。
The ROP of the traditional drilling in deep hard formations is very low,which seriously affects the process of exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep oilfields.To solve this problem,ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling technology was proposed,and the ultrasonic vibration pup joint for realizing the ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling was designed by combining the ultrasonic rock breaking technology with the traditional rotary rock breaking technology.Employing geomechanical theories,the rock breaking mechanism of ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling was analyzed and a high frequency percussive drilling model was established.Through dimensionless numerical analysis of the high-frequency percussive drilling mathematical model,the three stages of high-frequency percussive drilling were studied,and the influence of key parameters,including weight on bit,frequency and amplitude,on rock breaking efficiency were analyzed in detail.It was observed that the rock breaking efficiency increased as the weight on bit and amplitude increased,and there was an optimal vibration frequency,resulting in the highest rock breaking efficiency.The results showed that the ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling technology improved the ROP in deep hard formations by accelerating the fatigue breakdown of hard rocks,reducing the bit stick-slip vibrations and reasonably utilizing resonance energy.
The ROP of the traditional drilling in deep hard formations is very low,which seriously affects the process of exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep oilfields.To solve this problem,ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling technology was proposed,and the ultrasonic vibration pup joint for realizing the ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling was designed by combining the ultrasonic rock breaking technology with the traditional rotary rock breaking technology.Employing geomechanical theories,the rock breaking mechanism of ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling was analyzed and a high frequency percussive drilling model was established.Through dimensionless numerical analysis of the high-frequency percussive drilling mathematical model,the three stages of high-frequency percussive drilling were studied,and the influence of key parameters,including weight on bit,frequency and amplitude,on rock breaking efficiency were analyzed in detail.It was observed that the rock breaking efficiency increased as the weight on bit and amplitude increased,and there was an optimal vibration frequency,resulting in the highest rock breaking efficiency.The results showed that the ultrasonic high frequency rotary-percussive drilling technology improved the ROP in deep hard formations by accelerating the fatigue breakdown of hard rocks,reducing the bit stick-slip vibrations and reasonably utilizing resonance energy.
引文
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[15]李琴,谢豆,黄志强,等.硬地层复合钻头破岩特性与提速机理研究[J].机械科学与技术,2017,36(3):347-353.LI Qin,XIE Dou,HUANG Zhiqiang,et al.Studying rock breaking properties and penetration rate improving mechanisms for hybrid drill bit in hard formation[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2017,36(3):347-353.
[16]KUMAR S,WU C S,PADHY G K,et al.Application of ultrasonic vibrations in welding and metal processing:a status review[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2017,26:295-322.
[17]FENG Pingfa,WANG Jianjian,ZHANG Jianfu,et al.Drilling induced tearing defects in rotary ultrasonic machining of C/SiC composites[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(1,Part A):791-799.
[18]WANG Haige,LI Siqi,JI Guodong,et al.Feasibility study on resonance enhanced drilling technology[J].Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,13(2):16-24.
[19]张涛,孙立宁,蔡鹤皋.压电陶瓷基本特性研究[J].光学精密工程,1998,6(5):26-32.ZHANG Tao,SUN Lining,CAI Hegao.Study on the fundamental characteristics of piezoelectric element[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,1998,6(5):26-32.
[20]任福深,程晓泽,李洋,等.粒子射流耦合冲击破岩建模与实验分析[J].工程力学,2017,34(2):249-256.REN Fushen,CHENG Xiaoze,LI Yang,et al.Mathematical modeling and experimental analysis of coupled particle and jet flow rock breaking[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(2):249-256.
[21]李思琪,李玮,闫铁,等.复合载荷作用下钻头冲击破岩机理研究及现场应用[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(16):51-55.LI Siqi,LI Wei,YAN Tie,et al.A study on the rock breaking mechanism of drill bits under combined loads and field applications[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(16):51-55.
[22]马清明.水力脉冲诱发井下振动钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(1):12-14.MA Qingming.The down hole vibration drilling technique induced by hydro pulse[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(1):12-14.
[23]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:39-48.CAI Meifeng,HE Manchao,LIU Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002:39-48.
[2]DEPOUHON A,DETOURNAY E.Instability regimes and self-excited vibrations in deep drilling systems[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2014,333(7):2019-2039.
[3]柳贡慧,李玉梅,李军,等.复合冲击破岩钻井新技术[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(5):10-15.LIU Gonghui,LI Yumei,LI Jun,et al.New technology with composite percussion drilling and rock breaking[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(5):10-15.
[4]陈鑫,陈绍云,王楚,等.扭力冲击器在宋深9H侧钻小井眼水平井中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(6):32-35.CHEN Xin,CHEN Shaoyun,WANG Chu,et al.Application of TorkBuster to sidetracking of slimhole horizontal well in Well Songshen 9H[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(6):32-35.
[5]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.复合冲击钻具的研制及现场试验[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(1):57-61.ZHA Chunqing,LIU Gonghui,LI Jun,et al.Development and field application of a compound percussive jet[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(1):57-61.
[6]GRAFF K F.Macrosonics in industry:5.ultrasonic machining[J].Ultrasonics,1975,13(3):103-109.
[7]李思琪,闫铁,王希军,等.基于最小作用量原理的岩石微振动方程及分析[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(3):66-70.LI Siqi,YAN Tie,WANG Xijun,et al.The micro-vibration equation of rock and its analysis basing on the principle of least action[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(3):66-70.
[8]WIERCIGROCH M,WOJEWODA J,KRIVTSOV A M.Dynamics of ultrasonic percussive drilling of hard rocks[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,280(3/4/5):739-757.
[9]PAVLOVSKAIA E,WIERCIGROCH M.Modelling of vibroimpact system driven by beat frequency[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2003,45(4):623-641.
[10]LI Xuan,HARKNESS P,WORRALL K,et al.A parametric study for the design of an optimized ultrasonic percussive planetary drill tool[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control,2017,64(3):577-589.
[11]PAVLOVSKAIA E,HENDRY D C,WIERCIGROCH M.Modelling of high frequency vibro-impact drilling[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2015,91:110-119.
[12]翟国兵.压力对超声波振动碎岩效果影响规律的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016:91.ZHAI Guobing.Study on the effect of the pressure on the ultrasonic vibration in the process of breaking rock[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016:91.
[13]尹崧宇,赵大军,周宇,等.超声波振动下非均匀岩石损伤过程数值模拟与试验[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(2):526-533.YIN Songyu,ZHAO Dajun,ZHOU Yu,et al.Numerical simulation and experiment of the damage process of heterogeneous rock under ultrasonic vibration[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2017,47(2):526-533.
[14]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.复合冲击破岩钻井新技术提速机理研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):20-24.ZHA Chunqing,LIU Gonghui,LI Jun,et al.The rock breaking mechanism of the compound percussive-rotary drilling method with a PDC bit[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(2):20-24.
[15]李琴,谢豆,黄志强,等.硬地层复合钻头破岩特性与提速机理研究[J].机械科学与技术,2017,36(3):347-353.LI Qin,XIE Dou,HUANG Zhiqiang,et al.Studying rock breaking properties and penetration rate improving mechanisms for hybrid drill bit in hard formation[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2017,36(3):347-353.
[16]KUMAR S,WU C S,PADHY G K,et al.Application of ultrasonic vibrations in welding and metal processing:a status review[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2017,26:295-322.
[17]FENG Pingfa,WANG Jianjian,ZHANG Jianfu,et al.Drilling induced tearing defects in rotary ultrasonic machining of C/SiC composites[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(1,Part A):791-799.
[18]WANG Haige,LI Siqi,JI Guodong,et al.Feasibility study on resonance enhanced drilling technology[J].Advances in Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,13(2):16-24.
[19]张涛,孙立宁,蔡鹤皋.压电陶瓷基本特性研究[J].光学精密工程,1998,6(5):26-32.ZHANG Tao,SUN Lining,CAI Hegao.Study on the fundamental characteristics of piezoelectric element[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,1998,6(5):26-32.
[20]任福深,程晓泽,李洋,等.粒子射流耦合冲击破岩建模与实验分析[J].工程力学,2017,34(2):249-256.REN Fushen,CHENG Xiaoze,LI Yang,et al.Mathematical modeling and experimental analysis of coupled particle and jet flow rock breaking[J].Engineering Mechanics,2017,34(2):249-256.
[21]李思琪,李玮,闫铁,等.复合载荷作用下钻头冲击破岩机理研究及现场应用[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(16):51-55.LI Siqi,LI Wei,YAN Tie,et al.A study on the rock breaking mechanism of drill bits under combined loads and field applications[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(16):51-55.
[22]马清明.水力脉冲诱发井下振动钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(1):12-14.MA Qingming.The down hole vibration drilling technique induced by hydro pulse[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(1):12-14.
[23]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:39-48.CAI Meifeng,HE Manchao,LIU Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002:39-48.