基于偏载作用下的齿轮齿条啮合仿真研究
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摘要
在研究的齿轮齿条钻机设计方案中,由于其特殊的结构设计,钻机井架重心和传动系统重心不在同一竖直平面上,产生的附加弯矩将会影响齿轮齿条的啮合。鉴于此,根据钻机实际偏载工况,建立了齿轮齿条模型,并从齿轮强度校核理论、有限元仿真两方面分析了齿轮齿条的啮合情况。分析结果表明:相比于无附加弯矩,附加弯矩会导致齿轮和齿条的齿面应力分布不均;同时随着附加弯矩的增加,应力呈线性增加,并在齿条受拉方向集中程度增加,增大了齿轮齿条轮齿破坏的风险;当齿轮运动逐步靠近齿条顶端时,推断齿轮和齿条可能出现脱开;附加弯矩将严重影响钻机的安全运行和钻井安全,并对齿轮齿条起升系统、井架结构和材料强度提出了更高要求。所得结论对钻机的设计具有一定的指导意义。
In the design of the rack and pinion drilling rig,due to its special structural design,the center of gravity of the rig and the center of gravity of the transmission system are not in the same vertical plane. The generated additional bending moment will affect the meshing of the rack and pinion. According to the actual eccentric load condition of the rig,the rack and pinion model is established. The meshing condition of the rack and pinion is analyzed from the aspects of stress check theory and finite element simulation. The analysis results show that compared with no additional bending moment,the added bending moment will result in uneven tooth surface stress distribution of the rack and pinion. Meanwhile,as the additional bending moment increases,the stress increases linearly. When the gear motion is gradually approaching the top of the rack,it is inferred that the gear and the rack may be disengaged. Due to the excessive force of the gear,the gear is temporarily stuck. Additional bending moment will seriously affect the safe operation and drilling safety of the rig,and put forward higher requirements for the rack and pinion lifting system,derrick structure and material strength. The study could provide certain guides for the design of the drilling rig.
In the design of the rack and pinion drilling rig,due to its special structural design,the center of gravity of the rig and the center of gravity of the transmission system are not in the same vertical plane. The generated additional bending moment will affect the meshing of the rack and pinion. According to the actual eccentric load condition of the rig,the rack and pinion model is established. The meshing condition of the rack and pinion is analyzed from the aspects of stress check theory and finite element simulation. The analysis results show that compared with no additional bending moment,the added bending moment will result in uneven tooth surface stress distribution of the rack and pinion. Meanwhile,as the additional bending moment increases,the stress increases linearly. When the gear motion is gradually approaching the top of the rack,it is inferred that the gear and the rack may be disengaged. Due to the excessive force of the gear,the gear is temporarily stuck. Additional bending moment will seriously affect the safe operation and drilling safety of the rig,and put forward higher requirements for the rack and pinion lifting system,derrick structure and material strength. The study could provide certain guides for the design of the drilling rig.
引文
[1]王宏伟,刘继亮,张润松,等.国外多功能齿条齿轮钻机技术现状[J].石油机械,2011,39(9):23-26.WANG H W,LIU J L,ZHANG R S,et al.Technical status of foreign multi-function rack and pinion drilling rig[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2011,39(9):23-26.
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[9]张靖,陈兵奎,康传章,等.计及齿面摩擦的直齿轮动力学分析[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(21):126-132.ZHANG J,CHEN B K,KANG C Z,et al.Dynamic analysis for spur gears considering friction effect[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(21):126-132.
[10]周旭辉,疏舒,马俊.基于ADAMS的小齿轮齿条动力学仿真分析[J].船海工程,2012,41(5):119-121.ZHOU X H,SHU S,MA J.Dynamic simulation analysis of pinion-rack based on ADAMS[J].Ship&Ocean Engineering,2012,41(5):119-121.
[11]刘旭南,赵丽娟,高猛,等.基于强度理论及虚拟仿真相结合的行星减速机构可靠性分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(2):33-38.LIU X N,ZHAO L J,GAO M,et al.Reliability analysis on planetary reduction mechanism based on combination of strength theory and virtual simulation[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(2):33-38.
[12]雷娜,常玉连,边城,等.齿轮齿条钻机起升系统啮合特性分析[J].机械传动,2015,39(11):106-109.LEI N,CHANG Y L,BIAN C,et al.Meshing characteristics analysis of the gear rack drilling rig hoisting system[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2015,39(11):106-109.
[13]任福深,马若虚.齿轮齿条钻机起升系统多体动力学建模与分析[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(20):4896-4899.REN F S,MA R X.Multi-body dynamics modeling and simulation of hoisting system of the gear and rack drilling rig[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(20):4896-4899.
[14]全国齿轮标准化技术委员会.渐开线直齿和斜齿圆柱齿轮承载能力计算方法:工业齿轮应用:GB/T 9406-2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003:1-40.National Technical Committee for Standardization of Gears.Calculation method for bearing capacity of involute spur gear and helical gear:industrial gear applications:GB/T 9406-2003[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003:1-40.
[15]冯定,亢博文,施雷,等.大模数重载齿轮齿条接触强度分析[J].石油机械,2018,46(8):14-19.FENG D,KANG B W,SHI L,et al.Analysis of contact strength of large module heavy load rack and pinion[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(8):14-19.
[2]王进全,王维旭.国外钻机技术现状及我国的发展策略[J].石油机械,2011,39(6):65-69.WANG J Q,WANG W X.Present situation of drilling technology abroad and development strategy of our country[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2011,39(6):65-69.
[3]张兴权,何广德,郑如,等.齿轮齿条的接触应力研究[J].机械传动,2011,35(7):30-32.ZHANG X Q,HE G D,ZHENG R,et al.Contact stress analysis of gear and rack[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2011,35(7):30-32.
[4]曹宇光,张卿,张士华.自升式平台齿轮齿条强度有限元分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(6):120-124.CAO Y G,ZHANG Q,ZHANG S H.Strength alalysis of rack and pinion of jack-up platform by finite element mothod[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(6):120-124.
[5]方宗德,李建华,彭先龙,等.弧线齿面齿轮应力过程分析[J].航空动力学报,2012,27(12):2814-2820.FANG Z D,LI J H,PENG X L,et al.Analysis of stress process for face gear with arcuate tooth pinion[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2012,27(12):2814-2820.
[6]唐进元,刘艳平.直齿面齿轮加载啮合有限元仿真分析[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(5):124-131.TANG J Y,LIU Y P.Loaded mashing simulation of face-gear drive with spur involute pinion baled on finite element analysis[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(5):124-131.
[7]徐长航,吕涛,陈国明,等.自升式平台齿轮齿条升降机构错齿优化动力学分析[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(19):66-72.XU C H,LT,CHEN G M,et al.Dynamic performance analysis of jack-up platform’s jacking system with staggering tooth[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(19):66-72.
[8]张义民,路金昌,胡鹏.转速及扭矩对啮合齿轮副非线性特性影响分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(3):397-401.ZHANG Y M,LU J C,HU P.Non-linear characteristics analysis of gear pair with the impact of rotational speed and torque[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science Edition),2014,35(3):397-401.
[9]张靖,陈兵奎,康传章,等.计及齿面摩擦的直齿轮动力学分析[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(21):126-132.ZHANG J,CHEN B K,KANG C Z,et al.Dynamic analysis for spur gears considering friction effect[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(21):126-132.
[10]周旭辉,疏舒,马俊.基于ADAMS的小齿轮齿条动力学仿真分析[J].船海工程,2012,41(5):119-121.ZHOU X H,SHU S,MA J.Dynamic simulation analysis of pinion-rack based on ADAMS[J].Ship&Ocean Engineering,2012,41(5):119-121.
[11]刘旭南,赵丽娟,高猛,等.基于强度理论及虚拟仿真相结合的行星减速机构可靠性分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(2):33-38.LIU X N,ZHAO L J,GAO M,et al.Reliability analysis on planetary reduction mechanism based on combination of strength theory and virtual simulation[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(2):33-38.
[12]雷娜,常玉连,边城,等.齿轮齿条钻机起升系统啮合特性分析[J].机械传动,2015,39(11):106-109.LEI N,CHANG Y L,BIAN C,et al.Meshing characteristics analysis of the gear rack drilling rig hoisting system[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2015,39(11):106-109.
[13]任福深,马若虚.齿轮齿条钻机起升系统多体动力学建模与分析[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(20):4896-4899.REN F S,MA R X.Multi-body dynamics modeling and simulation of hoisting system of the gear and rack drilling rig[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(20):4896-4899.
[14]全国齿轮标准化技术委员会.渐开线直齿和斜齿圆柱齿轮承载能力计算方法:工业齿轮应用:GB/T 9406-2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003:1-40.National Technical Committee for Standardization of Gears.Calculation method for bearing capacity of involute spur gear and helical gear:industrial gear applications:GB/T 9406-2003[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003:1-40.
[15]冯定,亢博文,施雷,等.大模数重载齿轮齿条接触强度分析[J].石油机械,2018,46(8):14-19.FENG D,KANG B W,SHI L,et al.Analysis of contact strength of large module heavy load rack and pinion[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(8):14-19.