可液化地层中矩形隧道的上浮响应分析
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摘要
在地震荷载作用下易导致饱和砂土液化从而引起地下结构发生上浮,以往多集中于圆形隧道的研究。文章基于有限差分软件FLAC2D,建立饱和砂土中土体和地下矩形隧道结构相互作用分析模型,充分考虑孔隙水与土之间的耦合,分析地下结构在地震过程中超孔隙水压力变化、加速度反应、上浮位移以及结构周围土体的变形规律。并探讨矩形隧道结构埋深、断面面积和断面长宽比对结构上浮位移的影响规律。分别提出评价矩形隧道上浮位移与结构埋深和断面面积的计算公式,利用此公式可以为类似工程中隧道结构的抗震稳定性分析提供指导和借鉴。
The structures are prone to floating in liquefied soil during earthquake. Previous studies most focused on the uplift of circular tunnels. In this paper, based on the finite difference method FLAC2D, a model is established which can fully consider the coupling interaction between rectangular tunnel and soil, and can reflect the change of pore pressure. The variation of excess pore pressure, acceleration response, uplift displacement and deformation of soil surrounding the structure are analyzed. The influence of buried depth, section area and aspect ratio of rectangular tunnel structure on the uplift displacement are also discussed. Formulas are developed to evaluate the floating displacement of rectangular tunnel, which can provide guideline for similar projects.
The structures are prone to floating in liquefied soil during earthquake. Previous studies most focused on the uplift of circular tunnels. In this paper, based on the finite difference method FLAC2D, a model is established which can fully consider the coupling interaction between rectangular tunnel and soil, and can reflect the change of pore pressure. The variation of excess pore pressure, acceleration response, uplift displacement and deformation of soil surrounding the structure are analyzed. The influence of buried depth, section area and aspect ratio of rectangular tunnel structure on the uplift displacement are also discussed. Formulas are developed to evaluate the floating displacement of rectangular tunnel, which can provide guideline for similar projects.
引文
[1]陈卫忠,宋万鹏,赵武胜,等.地下工程抗震分析方法及性能评价研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(2):310-325(Chen Weizhong,Song Wanpeng,Zhao Wusheng,et al.Research progress of seismic analysis methods and performance evaluation in underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(2):310-320(in Chinese))
[2]陈国兴,陈苏,杜修力,等.城市地下结构抗震研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2016,36(1):1-23(Chen Guoxing,Chen Su,Du Xiuli,et al.Review of seismic damage,model test,available design and analysis methods of urban underground structures:retrospect and prospect[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2016,36(1):1-23(in Chinese))
[3]Hamada M,Isoyama R,Wakamatsu K.Liquefaction induced ground displacement and its related damage to lifeline facilities[J].Soils and Foundations,1996,36(1):81-97
[4]Koseki J,Matsuo O,Ninomiya Y,Yoshida T.Uplift of sewer manhole during the 1993 Kushiro-Oki earthquake[J].Soils and Foundations,1997,37(1):109-121
[5]Tajimi M.Damage done by the great earthquake disaster of the Hanshin-Awaji district to the Kobe Municipal Subway System and restoration works of the damage[J].Jpn Railway Eng,1996,137:19-23
[6]Durukal E.Critical evaluation of strong motion in Kocaeli and Düzce(Turkey)earthquakes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(7):589-609
[7]Koseki J,Matsuo O,Koga Y.Uplift behavior of underground structures caused by liquefaction of surrounding soil during earthquake[J].Soils and Foundations,1997,37(1):97-108
[8]Yang D,Naesgaard E,Byrne P M,et al.Numerical model verification and calibration of George Massey Tunnel[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2004,41(5):921-942
[9]Watanabe K,Sawada R,Koseki J.Uplift mechanism of open-cut tunnel in liquefied ground and simplified method to evaluate the stability against uplifting[J].Soils and Foundations,2016,56(3):412-426
[10]刘光磊,宋二祥,刘华北,等.饱和砂土地层中隧道结构动力离心模型试验[J].岩土力学,2008,29(8):2070-2076(Liu Guanglei,Song Erxiang,Liu Huabei,et al.Dynamic centrifuge tests on seismic response of tunnel in saturated sandy foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(8):2070-2076(in Chinese))
[11]Liu H,Song E.Seismic response of large underground structures in liquefiable soils subjected to horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32(4):223-244
[12]刘华北,宋二祥.埋深对地下结构地震液化响应的影响[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2005,45(3):301-305(Liu Huabei,Song Erxiang.Effects of burial depth on the liquefaction response of underground structures during an earthquake excitation[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Techndogy,2005,45(3):301-305(in Chinese))
[13]刘华北,宋二祥.可液化土中地铁结构的地震响应[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):381-386,391(Liu Huabei,Song Erxiang.Earthquake induced liquefaction response of subway structure in liquefiable soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):381-386,391(in Chinese))
[14]何剑平,陈卫忠.地下结构碎石排水层抗液化措施数值试验[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3177-3184(He Jianping,Chen Weizhong.Numerical experiment of anti-liquefaction measure with gravel stone drainage layer around underground structure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,32(10):3177-3184(in Chinese))
[15]庄海洋,龙慧,陈国兴,等.可液化地基中地铁车站周围场地地震反应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(1):81-88(Zhuang Haiyang,Long Hui,Chen Guoxing,et al.Seismic response of surrounding site of subway station in liquefiable foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(1):81-88(in Chinese))
[16]吕西林,任红梅,李培振,等.液化场地自由场体系的数值分析及振动台试验验证[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(增2):4060-4052(Lv Xilin,Ren Hongmei,Li Peizhen.Numerical analysis of free field system in liquefiable site and validation of shaking table tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):4046-4052(in Chinese))
[17]Azadi M,Hosseini S M M M.The uplifting behavior of shallow tunnels within the liquefiable soils under cyclic loadings[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(2):158-167
[18]Martin G R,Finn L W D,et al.Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1975,101(5):423-438
[19]Torabi H,Rayhani M T.Three dimensional Finite Element modeling of seismic soil-structure interaction in soft soil[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,60:9-19
[20]Bao X,Xia Z,Ye G,et al.Numerical analysis on the seismic behavior of a large metro subway tunnel in liquefiable ground[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2017,66:91-106
[21]王国波,徐海清,于艳丽.群洞效应对紧邻交叠盾构隧道及场地土地震响应影响的初步分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,35(5):968-973(Wang Guobo,Xu Haiqing,Wang Yanli.Effects of grouped tunnels and their influences on site seismic analysis with twin tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(5):968-973(in Chinese))
[22]Chian S C,Madabhushi S P G.Effect of buried depth and diameter on uplift of underground structures in liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.2012,41:181-190
[2]陈国兴,陈苏,杜修力,等.城市地下结构抗震研究进展[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2016,36(1):1-23(Chen Guoxing,Chen Su,Du Xiuli,et al.Review of seismic damage,model test,available design and analysis methods of urban underground structures:retrospect and prospect[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2016,36(1):1-23(in Chinese))
[3]Hamada M,Isoyama R,Wakamatsu K.Liquefaction induced ground displacement and its related damage to lifeline facilities[J].Soils and Foundations,1996,36(1):81-97
[4]Koseki J,Matsuo O,Ninomiya Y,Yoshida T.Uplift of sewer manhole during the 1993 Kushiro-Oki earthquake[J].Soils and Foundations,1997,37(1):109-121
[5]Tajimi M.Damage done by the great earthquake disaster of the Hanshin-Awaji district to the Kobe Municipal Subway System and restoration works of the damage[J].Jpn Railway Eng,1996,137:19-23
[6]Durukal E.Critical evaluation of strong motion in Kocaeli and Düzce(Turkey)earthquakes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(7):589-609
[7]Koseki J,Matsuo O,Koga Y.Uplift behavior of underground structures caused by liquefaction of surrounding soil during earthquake[J].Soils and Foundations,1997,37(1):97-108
[8]Yang D,Naesgaard E,Byrne P M,et al.Numerical model verification and calibration of George Massey Tunnel[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2004,41(5):921-942
[9]Watanabe K,Sawada R,Koseki J.Uplift mechanism of open-cut tunnel in liquefied ground and simplified method to evaluate the stability against uplifting[J].Soils and Foundations,2016,56(3):412-426
[10]刘光磊,宋二祥,刘华北,等.饱和砂土地层中隧道结构动力离心模型试验[J].岩土力学,2008,29(8):2070-2076(Liu Guanglei,Song Erxiang,Liu Huabei,et al.Dynamic centrifuge tests on seismic response of tunnel in saturated sandy foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(8):2070-2076(in Chinese))
[11]Liu H,Song E.Seismic response of large underground structures in liquefiable soils subjected to horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32(4):223-244
[12]刘华北,宋二祥.埋深对地下结构地震液化响应的影响[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2005,45(3):301-305(Liu Huabei,Song Erxiang.Effects of burial depth on the liquefaction response of underground structures during an earthquake excitation[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Techndogy,2005,45(3):301-305(in Chinese))
[13]刘华北,宋二祥.可液化土中地铁结构的地震响应[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):381-386,391(Liu Huabei,Song Erxiang.Earthquake induced liquefaction response of subway structure in liquefiable soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):381-386,391(in Chinese))
[14]何剑平,陈卫忠.地下结构碎石排水层抗液化措施数值试验[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3177-3184(He Jianping,Chen Weizhong.Numerical experiment of anti-liquefaction measure with gravel stone drainage layer around underground structure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,32(10):3177-3184(in Chinese))
[15]庄海洋,龙慧,陈国兴,等.可液化地基中地铁车站周围场地地震反应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(1):81-88(Zhuang Haiyang,Long Hui,Chen Guoxing,et al.Seismic response of surrounding site of subway station in liquefiable foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(1):81-88(in Chinese))
[16]吕西林,任红梅,李培振,等.液化场地自由场体系的数值分析及振动台试验验证[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(增2):4060-4052(Lv Xilin,Ren Hongmei,Li Peizhen.Numerical analysis of free field system in liquefiable site and validation of shaking table tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):4046-4052(in Chinese))
[17]Azadi M,Hosseini S M M M.The uplifting behavior of shallow tunnels within the liquefiable soils under cyclic loadings[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(2):158-167
[18]Martin G R,Finn L W D,et al.Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1975,101(5):423-438
[19]Torabi H,Rayhani M T.Three dimensional Finite Element modeling of seismic soil-structure interaction in soft soil[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,60:9-19
[20]Bao X,Xia Z,Ye G,et al.Numerical analysis on the seismic behavior of a large metro subway tunnel in liquefiable ground[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2017,66:91-106
[21]王国波,徐海清,于艳丽.群洞效应对紧邻交叠盾构隧道及场地土地震响应影响的初步分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,35(5):968-973(Wang Guobo,Xu Haiqing,Wang Yanli.Effects of grouped tunnels and their influences on site seismic analysis with twin tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(5):968-973(in Chinese))
[22]Chian S C,Madabhushi S P G.Effect of buried depth and diameter on uplift of underground structures in liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.2012,41:181-190
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