南泥湾湿地陆栖蚯蚓的分布及其影响因素
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摘要
蚯蚓是典型的大型土壤动物,具有重要的生态功能。运用样方调查方法,于2016年对南泥湾湿地的蚯蚓种类、密度、生境等进行了调查,运用DNA测序技术对蚯蚓种类进行了鉴定,并分析了蚯蚓分布与土壤性质之间的关系。结果表明,发现陆栖蚯蚓3科3属3种,分别为梯形流蚓(Aporrectodea trapezoides)、湖北远盲蚓(Amynthas hupeiensis)和天锡杜拉蚓(Drawida gisti),湖北远盲蚓是优势种;湿地退化区的物种多样性指数高于开垦区,蚯蚓密度夏季高于秋季;影响蚯蚓分布的主要土壤因素是土壤pH值、总有机碳含量和总氮含量,蚯蚓密度与土壤总有机碳含量、总氮含量显著正相关,与pH值显著负相关。蚯蚓生物量与环境因子关系,将有助于定量的预测和评估蚯蚓的生态功能。
Earthworm is one of the typical group of soil macrofauna. The field investigations indicated that the saucer depressions in the Nanniwan wetland,for instance,were the excellent habitats for earthworm. The earthworm density and species in the saucer depressions were studied by quadrate investigation in 2016. The species of earthworms were identified by DNA sequencing technique. There were 3 species of earthworm in total in the Nanniwan wetland,including Aporrectodea trapezoides,Amynthas hupeiensis,and Drawida gisti. Amynthas hupeiensis is the dominant species. The diversity index of the degradation area was higher than that of the reclamation; earthworm density was higher in summer than those in autumn. Furthermore,soil pH value and total organic carbon content were the main factors to influence earthworm distribution. Density of earthworm was negatively correlated with pH value; the earthworm biomass positively correlated to the contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen of the soil. The relationship between earthworm biomass and environmental factors will help to quantitatively predict and evaluate the ecological function of earthworms.
Earthworm is one of the typical group of soil macrofauna. The field investigations indicated that the saucer depressions in the Nanniwan wetland,for instance,were the excellent habitats for earthworm. The earthworm density and species in the saucer depressions were studied by quadrate investigation in 2016. The species of earthworms were identified by DNA sequencing technique. There were 3 species of earthworm in total in the Nanniwan wetland,including Aporrectodea trapezoides,Amynthas hupeiensis,and Drawida gisti. Amynthas hupeiensis is the dominant species. The diversity index of the degradation area was higher than that of the reclamation; earthworm density was higher in summer than those in autumn. Furthermore,soil pH value and total organic carbon content were the main factors to influence earthworm distribution. Density of earthworm was negatively correlated with pH value; the earthworm biomass positively correlated to the contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen of the soil. The relationship between earthworm biomass and environmental factors will help to quantitatively predict and evaluate the ecological function of earthworms.
引文
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[24]金生英,严林,马玉寿,等.三江源区人工草地中小型土壤动物群落特征及季节变化[J].草地学报,2014,22(5):954-960.
[25]Jiang Y,Yin X,Wang F.Composition and spatial distribution of soil mesofauna along an elevation gradient on the north slope of the Changbai Mountains,China[J].Pedosphere,2015,25(6):811-824.
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[27]卢明珠,吕宪国,等.三江平原碟形洼地中陆栖蚯蚓的分布及影响因素[J].湿地科学,2015,13(5):563-568.
[28]Lee C E,Frost B W.Morphological stasis in the Eurytemora affinis species complex Hydrobiologia[J].Hydrobiologia,2002,480(1):111-128.
[2]Davis C A,Austin J E,Buhl D A.Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central Platte River floodplain[J].Wetlands,2006,26(2):438-454.
[3]Kavdir Y,I.lay R.Biology of Earthworms[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer International Publishing,2011:39-50.
[4]Kul’bachko Y L,Didur O O,Loza I M,et al.Environmental aspects of the effect of earthworm tropho-metabolic activity on the p H buffering capacity of remediated soil[J].Biology Bulletin,2015,42(10):899-904.
[5]Chapin F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M.Decomposition and Ecosystem Carbon Budgets;Decomposition and Ecosystem Carbon Budgets[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,2011:183-228.
[6]武海涛,于少鹏,吕宪国,等.三江平原乌拉苔草-毛苔草湿地土壤动物多样性及其枯落物分解功能[J].湿地科学,2008,6(2):285-292.
[7]刘长海,王希群,王文强,等.湿地土壤动物及其与湿地恢复的关系[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(4):705-709.
[8]West L T,Singer M J,Hartemink A E.The Soils of USA[M].Switzerland:Springer International Publishing,2017:351-371.
[9]Xu D,Li Y,Howard A.Influence of earthworm Eisenia feitda on removal efficiency of N and P in vertical flow constructed wetland[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2013,20(9):5922-5929.
[10]张武,张雪萍,顾成林,等.大兴安岭不同冻土带湿地土壤动物群落与地温耦合关系[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(2):263-268.
[11]Bini D,Santos C A D,Carmo K B D,et al.Effects of land use on soil organic carbon and microbial processes associated with soil health in southern Brazil[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,55(3):117-123.
[12]Dempsey M A,Fisk M C,Yavitt J B,et al.Exotic earthworms alter soil microbial community composition and function[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,67:263-270.
[13]李伟,崔丽娟,赵欣胜,等.太湖岸带湿地土壤动物群落结构与多样性[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):944-955.
[14]殷秀琴,辛未冬,齐艳红.温带红松阔叶混交林凋落叶与主要大型土壤动物热值的季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(4):756-760.
[15]Wang S,Ruan H,Wang J,et al.Composition structure of soil fauna community under the typical vegetations in the Wuyi mountains,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(19):5174-5184.
[16]赵桂玲,刘长海,王文强,等.南泥湾湿地生态变迁研究[J].湿地科学与管理,2015,11(1).65-67.
[17]陈德来,马正学,马世荣,等.西藏巴嘎雪湿地夏季土壤动物群落特征[J].湿地科学,2014,12(5):624-630.
[18]张玉峰,毕艳孟,李国强,等.河北地区不同农田蚯蚓多样性及其与土壤环境的关系[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(3):60-68.
[19]徐芹,肖能文.中国陆栖蚯蚓[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[20]马维伟,李广,石万里,等.甘肃尕海湿地退化过程中植物生物量及物种多样性变化动态[J].草地学报,2016,24(5):960-966.
[21]任国华,邓斌,后源.黄河源区沼泽湿地退化过程中植物群落特征的变化[J].草业科学,2015,32(8):1222-1229.
[22]Wang C,Long R,Wang Q,et al.Fertilization and litter effects on the functional group biomass,species diversity of plants,microbial biomass,and enzyme activity of two alpine meadow communities[J].Plant and Soil,2010,331(1):377-389.
[23]吴鹏飞,杨大星.若尔盖高寒草甸退化对中小型土壤动物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(13):3745-3757.
[24]金生英,严林,马玉寿,等.三江源区人工草地中小型土壤动物群落特征及季节变化[J].草地学报,2014,22(5):954-960.
[25]Jiang Y,Yin X,Wang F.Composition and spatial distribution of soil mesofauna along an elevation gradient on the north slope of the Changbai Mountains,China[J].Pedosphere,2015,25(6):811-824.
[26]Lubbers I M,van Groenigen K J,Fonte S J,et al.Greenhouse-gas emissions from soils increased by earthworms[J].Nature Climate Change,2013,3(3):187-194.
[27]卢明珠,吕宪国,等.三江平原碟形洼地中陆栖蚯蚓的分布及影响因素[J].湿地科学,2015,13(5):563-568.
[28]Lee C E,Frost B W.Morphological stasis in the Eurytemora affinis species complex Hydrobiologia[J].Hydrobiologia,2002,480(1):111-128.
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