皮肤烧伤深度检测的单边核磁共振浅层成像磁体系统
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摘要
目前临床上烧伤深度判断缺少合适的检测设备和方法,主要由烧伤科医生主观判断,准确率不高。该文设计了一种用于烧伤深度判断的单边核磁共振浅层成像磁体系统,对该磁体系统的单边磁体结构、平面梯度线圈、射频线圈以及射频屏蔽进行了优化设计。采用该磁体系统对橡皮模型和猪皮烧伤模型进行成像实验,获得了两种模型的二维成像。结果表明由该磁体系统获得的图像与橡皮实验模型的形状相似,且图像中不同烧伤深度部分和正常对照部分的信号强度呈鲜明对比,初步证明该文设计的单边磁共振浅层成像磁体系统可用于皮肤烧伤深度的检测。
Burn depth assessment in clinics is still inaccurate because of the lack of feasible testing devices and methods,and this process mainly depends on subjective assessment of burn surgeons. In this paper, a unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance(UNMR) superficial imaging magnet system was designed, and the unilateral magnet, the planar gradient coil, the planar radio frequency(RF) coil and the radio shielding were optimally designed. Models of rubber and burned pigskin of different burn depth were 2D imaged. The results have proved that the reconstructed image is similar to the model of the rubber and the obvious difference of signal strength is observed between the parts of different burn depth and the normal control part. Therefore, this UNMR superficial imaging magnet system is feasible for burn depth assessment.
Burn depth assessment in clinics is still inaccurate because of the lack of feasible testing devices and methods,and this process mainly depends on subjective assessment of burn surgeons. In this paper, a unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance(UNMR) superficial imaging magnet system was designed, and the unilateral magnet, the planar gradient coil, the planar radio frequency(RF) coil and the radio shielding were optimally designed. Models of rubber and burned pigskin of different burn depth were 2D imaged. The results have proved that the reconstructed image is similar to the model of the rubber and the obvious difference of signal strength is observed between the parts of different burn depth and the normal control part. Therefore, this UNMR superficial imaging magnet system is feasible for burn depth assessment.
引文
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[30]Raich H,Blümler P.Design and construction of a dipolar Halbach array with a homogeneous field from identical bar magnets:NMR Mandhalas[J].Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B:Magnetic Resonance Engineering,2004,23(1):16-25.
[31]Perlo J,Casanova F,Blümich B.Profiles with microscopic resolution by single-sided NMR[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2005,176(1):64-70.
[32]徐征,吴嘉敏.用于复合绝缘子伞群老化状态检测的单边核磁共振传感器[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):118-125.Xu Zheng,Wu Jiamin.A portable unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance sensor used for detecting the aging status of composite insulator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):118-125.
[33]He Zhonghua,He Wei.Calculating temperature distribution of uniplanar gradient coils for unilateral NMR magnet based on fourier analysis[J].Applied Magnetic Resonance,2016,47(6):613-626.
[34]Hoult D I,Richards R E.Signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear magnetic-resonance experiment[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,1976,24:71-85.
[35]Oligschlager D,Lehmkuhl S,Watzlaw J,et al.Miniaturized multi-coil arrays for functional planar imaging with a single-sided NMR sensor[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2015,254:10-18.
[36]Jin Jianming.Electromagnetic analysis and design in magnetic resonance imaging[M].New York:CRCPress,1998.
[37]黎鳌.实验烧伤外科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1995.
[2]Devgan L,Bhat S,Aylward B,et al.Modalities for the assessment of burn wound depth[J].Journal of Burns&Wounds,2006,5(5):7-15.
[3]Heimbach D M,Afromowitz M A,Engrav L H,et al.Burn depth estimation-man or machine[J].The Journal of Trauma,1984,24(5):373-378.
[4]Heimbach D,Engrav L,Grube B,et al.Burn depth:a review[J].World Journal of Surgery,1992,16(1):10-15.
[5]Casanova F,Perlo J,Blümich B.Single-sided NMR[M].Berlin:Springer,2011.
[6]Mcdonald P J,Akhmerov A,Backhouse L J,et al.Magnetic resonance profiling of human skin in vivo using GARField magnets[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2005,94(8):1850-60.
[7]Van Landeghem M,Danieli E,Perlo J,et al.Lowgradient single-sided NMR sensor for one-shot profiling of human skin[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2012,215(2):74-84.
[8]Casanova F,Blümich B.Two-dimensional imaging with a single-sided NMR probe[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2003,163(1):38-45.
[9]Perlo J,Casanova F,Blümich B.3D imaging with a single-sided sensor:an open tomograph[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2004,166(2):228-235.
[10]Liberman A,Bergman E,Sarda Y,et al.Faster imaging with a portable unilateral NMR device[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2013,231(1):72-78.
[11]Demas V,Sakellariou D,Meriles C A,et al.Threedimensional phase-encoded chemical shift MRI in the presence of inhomogeneous fields[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(24):8845-8847.
[12]俎栋林,孙春发,赵旭娜,等.非均匀场磁共振成像仪物理设计要点和应用定位[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(3):377-384.Zu Donglin,Sun Chunfa,Zhao Xuna,et al.The key points in design of inhomogeneous field MRI and its applications[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinesis,2009,45(3):377-384.
[13]Manz B,Coy A,Dykstra R,et al.A mobile one-sided NMR sensor with a homogeneous magnetic field:the NMR-MOLE[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2006,183(1):25-31.
[14]Paulsen J L,Bouchard L S,Graziani D,et al.Volumeselective magnetic resonance imaging using an adjustable,single-sided,portable sensor[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2008,105(52):20601-20604.
[15]Marble A E,Mastikhin I V,Colpitts B G,et al.Aconstant gradient unilateral magnet for near-surface MRI profiling[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2006,183(2):228-234.
[16]He Wei,He Zhonghua.A hybrid passive shimming method applied to the design of a unilateral NMRmagnet[J].International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics,2015,49(4):597-606.
[17]张艳丽,谢德馨,白保东,等.一种永磁磁体外部特殊磁场区域的构建问题[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(10):1-6.Zhang Yanli,Xie Dexin,Bai Baodong,et al.Generation of magnetic field region with special requirement outside permanent magnet[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(10):1-6.
[18]Cho Z H,Yi J H.A novel type of surface gradient coil[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,1991,94(3):47l-478.
[19]Vegh V,Zhao H,Galloway G J,et al.The design of planar gradient coils.Part I:a winding path correction method[J].Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B:Magnetic Resonance Engineering,2005,27(1):17-24.
[20]Vegh V,Zhao H,Doddrell D M,et al.The design of planar gradient coils,part II:a weighted superposition method[J].Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B:Magnetic Resonance Engineering,2005,27(1):25-33.
[21]Turner R.A target field approach to optimal coil design[J].Journal of physics D:Applied Physics,2000,19(8):L147-Ll51.
[22]李霞.全开放永磁MRI系统梯度线圈设计研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2008.
[23]Oligschl?ger D,Lehmkuhl S,Watzlaw J,et al.Miniaturized multi-coil arrays for functional planar imaging with a single-sided NMR sensor[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2015,254:10-18.
[24]郭盼,何为,Juan C.Garcia-Naranjo,等.一种新型Inside-Out核磁共振传感器-三圆柱磁体阵列[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(8):96-101.Guo Pan,He Wei,Garcia-Naranjo C,et al.A new inside-out nuclear magnetic resonance sensor-threecylinder array[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(8):96-101.
[25]Lawrence B G,Crozier S,Yau D D,et al.A timeharmonic inverse methodology for the design of RFcoils in MRI[J].IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,2002,49(1):64-71.
[26]Lawrence B G,Crozier S,Cowin G,et al.An inverse design of an open,head/neck RF coil for MRI[J].IEEETransactions on Biomedical Engineering,2002,49(9):1024-1030.
[27]He Zhonghua,He Wei,Wu Jiamin,et al.A timeharmonic inverse design of uniplanar RF coil for unilateral NMR sensors[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2017,17(9):2696-2702.
[28]He Zhonghua,He Wei,Wu Jiamin,et al.The novel design of a single-sided MRI probe for assessing burn depth[J].Sensors,2017,17(3):526.
[29]贺中华.单边核磁共振浅层成像系统研究和皮肤成像实验[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.
[30]Raich H,Blümler P.Design and construction of a dipolar Halbach array with a homogeneous field from identical bar magnets:NMR Mandhalas[J].Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B:Magnetic Resonance Engineering,2004,23(1):16-25.
[31]Perlo J,Casanova F,Blümich B.Profiles with microscopic resolution by single-sided NMR[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2005,176(1):64-70.
[32]徐征,吴嘉敏.用于复合绝缘子伞群老化状态检测的单边核磁共振传感器[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):118-125.Xu Zheng,Wu Jiamin.A portable unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance sensor used for detecting the aging status of composite insulator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):118-125.
[33]He Zhonghua,He Wei.Calculating temperature distribution of uniplanar gradient coils for unilateral NMR magnet based on fourier analysis[J].Applied Magnetic Resonance,2016,47(6):613-626.
[34]Hoult D I,Richards R E.Signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear magnetic-resonance experiment[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,1976,24:71-85.
[35]Oligschlager D,Lehmkuhl S,Watzlaw J,et al.Miniaturized multi-coil arrays for functional planar imaging with a single-sided NMR sensor[J].Journal of Magnetic Resonance,2015,254:10-18.
[36]Jin Jianming.Electromagnetic analysis and design in magnetic resonance imaging[M].New York:CRCPress,1998.
[37]黎鳌.实验烧伤外科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1995.