秦岭沙沟街韧性剪切带的岩石磁学、磁组构和运动学涡度分析
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摘要
秦岭商丹构造带内发育的晚三叠世沙沟街韧性剪切带蕴含大量地质信息,很好地记录了秦岭印支期碰撞造山过程。为了探究该剪切带的运动学特征及其动力学背景,在野外观测、显微构造分析的基础上,对其中发育的糜棱岩进行了磁组构和运动学涡度研究。岩石磁学和磁组构分析结果显示:样品的平均磁化率Km值总体较高,载磁矿物主要为磁铁矿等铁磁性矿物;磁化率各向异性度PJ值较大,表明构造变形较为强烈;形态参数T值多大于0,反映磁化率椭球体以扁球体为主;磁线、面理优势产状与野外观测到的矿物线、面理较为一致。结合磁组构、边界断层以及C面理产状,认为沙沟街韧性剪切带具有左行走滑挤压的运动学特征。运动学涡度Wk值及其分布特征表明,沙沟街剪切带中纯剪切作用所占的比重总体大于简单剪切作用,并且剪切带的核部应位于北界断层附近。综合分析认为,沙沟街韧性剪切带的运动学特征反映了总体斜向汇聚背景下的局部走滑挤压,与商丹带西段发育的同期韧性剪切带具有完全反向的运动学指向,这可能与碰撞导致的侧向挤出构造有关
The Shagou shear zone,located in the Shangdan belt of East Qinling,is characterized by ductile deformation,which can contribute to constrain the Late Triassic tectonic setting of the Qinling orogen. In order to probe its kinematics and further to explore the dynamic mechanism,mylonite samples were analyzed in terms of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility( AMS) and kinematic vorticity( Wk) on the basis of the field observations and microstructural analyses. The values of mean susceptibility( Km) show a wide variation range,which means that the ferromagnetic mineral like magnetite acted as the dominant magnetic carrier of the samples. The corrected anisotropy degree( PJ) are relatively large indicative of a strong structural deformation. Shape parameter( T) are generally more than zero,indicating that the susceptibility ellipsoid of the Shagoujie shear zone is mainly oblate. Magnetic fabrics,defined by AMS ellipsoids,is relatively well consistent with the mineral fabrics. Combined with the magnetic fabrics and the attitude of the boundary fault or the C-foliation,it can be concluded that the Shagoujie shear zone showing a sinistral transpressional kinematic. Furthermore,Wkand its distribution patterns reflect that the core of the Shagoujie shear zone is located in northern boundary fault,and it also demonstrates that pure shear component is the dominant shear force during the formation process of the Shagoujie shear zone. Taken together,the kinematics of the Shagoujie shear zone suggest that it was formed in a local transpressional setting under oblique convergence. What 's more,Late Triassic bilateral extrusion tectonics of the Qinling orogen may explain the plain fact that the Shagoujie shear zone has a completely opposite kinematic with the coeval shear zone located in the western Shangdan belt.
The Shagou shear zone,located in the Shangdan belt of East Qinling,is characterized by ductile deformation,which can contribute to constrain the Late Triassic tectonic setting of the Qinling orogen. In order to probe its kinematics and further to explore the dynamic mechanism,mylonite samples were analyzed in terms of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility( AMS) and kinematic vorticity( Wk) on the basis of the field observations and microstructural analyses. The values of mean susceptibility( Km) show a wide variation range,which means that the ferromagnetic mineral like magnetite acted as the dominant magnetic carrier of the samples. The corrected anisotropy degree( PJ) are relatively large indicative of a strong structural deformation. Shape parameter( T) are generally more than zero,indicating that the susceptibility ellipsoid of the Shagoujie shear zone is mainly oblate. Magnetic fabrics,defined by AMS ellipsoids,is relatively well consistent with the mineral fabrics. Combined with the magnetic fabrics and the attitude of the boundary fault or the C-foliation,it can be concluded that the Shagoujie shear zone showing a sinistral transpressional kinematic. Furthermore,Wkand its distribution patterns reflect that the core of the Shagoujie shear zone is located in northern boundary fault,and it also demonstrates that pure shear component is the dominant shear force during the formation process of the Shagoujie shear zone. Taken together,the kinematics of the Shagoujie shear zone suggest that it was formed in a local transpressional setting under oblique convergence. What 's more,Late Triassic bilateral extrusion tectonics of the Qinling orogen may explain the plain fact that the Shagoujie shear zone has a completely opposite kinematic with the coeval shear zone located in the western Shangdan belt.
引文
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Bruhn D and Burlini L.2005.High Strain Zones:Structure and Physical Properties.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,245:1-452
Chen XY,Liu JL,Weng ST,Kong YL,Wu WB,Zhang LS and Li HY.2016.Structural geometry and kinematics of the Ailao Shan shear zone:Insights from integrated structural,microstructural,and fabric studies of the Yao Shan complex,Yunnan,Southwest China.International Geology Review,58(7):849-873
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Dong YP,Zhang GW,Neubauer F,Liu XM,Genser J and Hauzenberger C.2011.Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen,China:Review and synthesis.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,41(3):213-237
Dunlop DJ.2002.Theory and application of the Day plot(Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc)1.Theoretical curves and tests using titanomagnetite data.Journal of Geophysical Research,107(B3):EPM 4-1-EPM 4-22
FerréEC,Gébelin A,Till JL,Sassier C and Burmeister KC.2014.Deformation and magnetic fabrics in ductile shear zones:A review.Tectonophysics,629:179-188
Grégoire V,de Saint Blanquat M,Nédélec A and Bouchez JL.1995.Shape anisotropy versus magnetic interactions of magnetite grains:Experiments and application to AMS in granitic rocks.Geophysical Research Letters,22(20):2765-2768
Hrouda F.1982.Magnetic anisotropy of rocks and its application in geology and geophysics.Geophysical Surveys,5(1):37-82
Ishihara S.1979.Lateral variation of magnetic susceptibility of the Japanese granitoids.The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan,85(8):509-523
Johnson SE,Lenferink HJ,Price NA,Marsh JH,Koons PO,West Jr DPand Beane R.2009.Clast-based kinematic vorticity gauges:The effects of slip at matrix/clast interfaces.Journal of Structural Geology,31(11):1322-1339
Law RD,Searle MP and Simpson RL.2004.Strain,deformation temperatures and vorticity of flow at the top of the Greater Himalayan Slab,Everest Massif,Tibet.Journal of the Geological Society,161(2):305-320
Li WY.2008.Geochronology and geochemistry of the ophiolites and island-arc-type igneous rocks in the Western Qinling Orogen and the Eastern Kunlun Orogen:Implication for the evolution of the Tethyan Ocean.Ph.D.Dissertation.Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China(in Chinese with English summary)
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Liang WT,Zhang GW,Lu RK,Pei XZ,Jin CS and Wang JQ.2009.Magnetic fabric study and its tectonic significance of suture zones in joint area of Qinling and Qilianshan.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(1):140-149(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liang WT,Zhang GW,Lu RK and Nantasin P.2013.Extrusion tectonics inferred from fabric study of the Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt in the West Qinling orogen,Central China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,78:345-357
Liang WT,Zhang GW,Bai Y,Jin CS and Nantasin P.2015.New insights into the emplacement mechanism of the Late Triassic granite plutons in the Qinling orogen:A structural study of the Mishuling pluton.The Geological Society of America Bulletin,127(11-12):1583-1603
Liang WT,Jin CS,Nantasin P and Zhang GW.2015.Magnetic mineralogy and the reliability of AMS in the Late Triassic Mishuling pluton,Qinling orogen.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(3):953-970(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin SF,Jiang DZ and Williams PF.2007.Importance of differentiating ductile slickenside striations from stretching lineations and variation of shear direction across a high-strain zone.Journal of Structural Geology,29(5):850-862
Meng QR and Zhang GW.1999.Timing of collision of the North and South China blocks:Controversy and reconciliation.Geology,27(2):123-126
Passchier CW.1986.Flow in natural shear zones:The consequences of spinning flow regimes.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,77(1):70-80
Passchier CW and Trouw RAJ.2005.Microtectonics.2nd Edition.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,1-306
Ramsay JG and Huber MI.1983.The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology,Volume 1:Strain Analysis.London:Academic Press,1-307
Reischmann T,Altenberger U,Kr9ner A,Zhang G,Sun Y and Yu Z.1990.Mechanism and time of deformation and metamorphism of mylonitic orthogneisses from the Shagou Shear Zone,Qinling Belt,China.Tectonophysics,185(1-2):91-109
Rochette P,Jackson M and Aubourg C.1992.Rock magnetism and the interpretation of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility.Reviews of Geophysics,30(3):209-226
Sidman D,FerréEC,Teyssier C and Jackson M.2005.Magnetic fabric and microstructure of a mylonite:Example from the Bitterroot shear zone,western Montana.In:Bruhn D and Burlini L(eds.).HighStrain Zones:Structure and Physical Properties.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,245:143-163
Stevenson CTE,Owens WH and Hutton DHW.2007.Flow lobes in granite:The determination of magma flow direction in the Trawenagh Bay granite,northwestern Ireland,using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility.The Geological Society of America Bulletin,119(11-12):1368-1386
Takeshita T.1996.Estimate of the physical conditions for deformation based on c-axis fabric transitions in naturally deformed quartzite.The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan,102(3):211-222
Tarling DH and Hrouda F.1993.The Magnetic Anisotropy of Rocks.London:Chapman&Hall
Tikoff B and Fossen H.1995.The limitations of three-dimensional kinematic vorticity analysis.Journal of Structural Geology,17(12):1771-1784
Vernon RH.2004.A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,295-474
Wang XS,Zheng YD and Wang T.2007.Strain and shear types of the Louzidian ductile shear zone in southern Chifeng,Inner Mongolia,China.Science in China(Series D),50(4):487-495
Weijermars R.1991.The role of stress in ductile deformation.Journal of Structural Geology,13(9):1061-1078
Weinberg RF,Sial AN and Mariano G.2004.Close spatial relationship between plutons and shear zones.Geology,32(5):377-380
Xu ZQ,Zhang JX,Xu HF,Wang ZX,Li HB,Yang TN,Qiu XP,Zeng LS,Shen K and Chen W.1997.Ductile Shear Zones in the Main Continental Mountain Chains of China and their Dynamics.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,158-161(in Chinese)
Xypolias P.2010.Vorticity analysis in shear zones:A review of methods and applications.Journal of Structural Geology,32(12):2072-2092
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Zhang B,Zhang JJ,Zhong DL and Guo L.2009.Strain and kinematic vorticity analysis:An indicator for sinistral transpressional strainpartitioning along the Lancangjiang shear zone,western Yunnan,China.Science in China(Series D),52(5):602-618
Zhang CL,Wang T and Wang XX.2008.Origin and tectonic setting of the Early Mesozoic Granitoids in Qinling Orogenic belt.Geological Journal of China Universities,14(3):304-316(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang GW,Zhang BR,Yuan XC and Xiao QH.2001.Qinling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics.Beijing:Science Press,117-321(in Chinese)
Zhang JJ and Zheng YD.1997.Basic principles and applications of kinematic vorticity and polar Mohr diagram.Geological Science and Technology Information,16(3):33-39(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zheng YD.1999.Kinematic vorticity number and shear type related to the Yagan metamorphic core complex on Sino-Mongolian border.Scientia Geologica Sinica,34(3):273-280(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou JX and Zhang GW.1996.Microstructures and Re-recognization of(p)-T-t path in the Shagou mylonite zone of the Shangdan Zone,Qinling Belt,China.Scientia Geologica Sinica,31(1):33-42(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Borradaile GJ and Henry B.1997.Tectonic applications of magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy.Earth-Science Reviews,42(1-2):49-93
Borradaile GJ and Jackson M.2004.Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility(AMS):Magnetic petrofabrics of deformed rocks.In:MartinHernandez F(ed.).Magnetic Fabric:Methods and Applications.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,238(1):299-360
Borradaile GJ and Jackson M.2010.Structural geology,petrofabrics and magnetic fabrics(AMS,AARM,AIRM).Journal of Structural Geology,32(10):1519-1551
Bouchez JL,Hutton DHW and Stephens WE.1997.Granite:From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1-358
Bruhn D and Burlini L.2005.High Strain Zones:Structure and Physical Properties.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,245:1-452
Chen XY,Liu JL,Weng ST,Kong YL,Wu WB,Zhang LS and Li HY.2016.Structural geometry and kinematics of the Ailao Shan shear zone:Insights from integrated structural,microstructural,and fabric studies of the Yao Shan complex,Yunnan,Southwest China.International Geology Review,58(7):849-873
Day R,Fuller M and Schmidt VA.1977.Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites:Grain-size and compositional dependence.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,13(4):260-267
De Saint-Blanquat M and Tikoff B.1997.Development of magmatic to solid-state fabrics during syntectonic emplacement of the Mono Creek granite,Sierra Nevada Batholith.In:Bouchez JL,Hutton DHW and Stephens WE(eds.).Granite:From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,129-144
Dong YP,Zhang GW,Neubauer F,Liu XM,Genser J and Hauzenberger C.2011.Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen,China:Review and synthesis.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,41(3):213-237
Dunlop DJ.2002.Theory and application of the Day plot(Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc)1.Theoretical curves and tests using titanomagnetite data.Journal of Geophysical Research,107(B3):EPM 4-1-EPM 4-22
FerréEC,Gébelin A,Till JL,Sassier C and Burmeister KC.2014.Deformation and magnetic fabrics in ductile shear zones:A review.Tectonophysics,629:179-188
Grégoire V,de Saint Blanquat M,Nédélec A and Bouchez JL.1995.Shape anisotropy versus magnetic interactions of magnetite grains:Experiments and application to AMS in granitic rocks.Geophysical Research Letters,22(20):2765-2768
Hrouda F.1982.Magnetic anisotropy of rocks and its application in geology and geophysics.Geophysical Surveys,5(1):37-82
Ishihara S.1979.Lateral variation of magnetic susceptibility of the Japanese granitoids.The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan,85(8):509-523
Johnson SE,Lenferink HJ,Price NA,Marsh JH,Koons PO,West Jr DPand Beane R.2009.Clast-based kinematic vorticity gauges:The effects of slip at matrix/clast interfaces.Journal of Structural Geology,31(11):1322-1339
Law RD,Searle MP and Simpson RL.2004.Strain,deformation temperatures and vorticity of flow at the top of the Greater Himalayan Slab,Everest Massif,Tibet.Journal of the Geological Society,161(2):305-320
Li WY.2008.Geochronology and geochemistry of the ophiolites and island-arc-type igneous rocks in the Western Qinling Orogen and the Eastern Kunlun Orogen:Implication for the evolution of the Tethyan Ocean.Ph.D.Dissertation.Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China(in Chinese with English summary)
Li Y.2014.Emplacement mechanism and its tectonic implications of Baliping pluton,East Qinling orogen,China.Master Degree Thesis.Xi’an:Northwest University(in Chinese with English summary)
Liang WT,Zhang GW,Lu RK,Pei XZ,Jin CS and Wang JQ.2009.Magnetic fabric study and its tectonic significance of suture zones in joint area of Qinling and Qilianshan.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(1):140-149(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liang WT,Zhang GW,Lu RK and Nantasin P.2013.Extrusion tectonics inferred from fabric study of the Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt in the West Qinling orogen,Central China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,78:345-357
Liang WT,Zhang GW,Bai Y,Jin CS and Nantasin P.2015.New insights into the emplacement mechanism of the Late Triassic granite plutons in the Qinling orogen:A structural study of the Mishuling pluton.The Geological Society of America Bulletin,127(11-12):1583-1603
Liang WT,Jin CS,Nantasin P and Zhang GW.2015.Magnetic mineralogy and the reliability of AMS in the Late Triassic Mishuling pluton,Qinling orogen.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(3):953-970(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin SF,Jiang DZ and Williams PF.2007.Importance of differentiating ductile slickenside striations from stretching lineations and variation of shear direction across a high-strain zone.Journal of Structural Geology,29(5):850-862
Meng QR and Zhang GW.1999.Timing of collision of the North and South China blocks:Controversy and reconciliation.Geology,27(2):123-126
Passchier CW.1986.Flow in natural shear zones:The consequences of spinning flow regimes.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,77(1):70-80
Passchier CW and Trouw RAJ.2005.Microtectonics.2nd Edition.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,1-306
Ramsay JG and Huber MI.1983.The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology,Volume 1:Strain Analysis.London:Academic Press,1-307
Reischmann T,Altenberger U,Kr9ner A,Zhang G,Sun Y and Yu Z.1990.Mechanism and time of deformation and metamorphism of mylonitic orthogneisses from the Shagou Shear Zone,Qinling Belt,China.Tectonophysics,185(1-2):91-109
Rochette P,Jackson M and Aubourg C.1992.Rock magnetism and the interpretation of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility.Reviews of Geophysics,30(3):209-226
Sidman D,FerréEC,Teyssier C and Jackson M.2005.Magnetic fabric and microstructure of a mylonite:Example from the Bitterroot shear zone,western Montana.In:Bruhn D and Burlini L(eds.).HighStrain Zones:Structure and Physical Properties.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,245:143-163
Stevenson CTE,Owens WH and Hutton DHW.2007.Flow lobes in granite:The determination of magma flow direction in the Trawenagh Bay granite,northwestern Ireland,using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility.The Geological Society of America Bulletin,119(11-12):1368-1386
Takeshita T.1996.Estimate of the physical conditions for deformation based on c-axis fabric transitions in naturally deformed quartzite.The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan,102(3):211-222
Tarling DH and Hrouda F.1993.The Magnetic Anisotropy of Rocks.London:Chapman&Hall
Tikoff B and Fossen H.1995.The limitations of three-dimensional kinematic vorticity analysis.Journal of Structural Geology,17(12):1771-1784
Vernon RH.2004.A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,295-474
Wang XS,Zheng YD and Wang T.2007.Strain and shear types of the Louzidian ductile shear zone in southern Chifeng,Inner Mongolia,China.Science in China(Series D),50(4):487-495
Weijermars R.1991.The role of stress in ductile deformation.Journal of Structural Geology,13(9):1061-1078
Weinberg RF,Sial AN and Mariano G.2004.Close spatial relationship between plutons and shear zones.Geology,32(5):377-380
Xu ZQ,Zhang JX,Xu HF,Wang ZX,Li HB,Yang TN,Qiu XP,Zeng LS,Shen K and Chen W.1997.Ductile Shear Zones in the Main Continental Mountain Chains of China and their Dynamics.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,158-161(in Chinese)
Xypolias P.2010.Vorticity analysis in shear zones:A review of methods and applications.Journal of Structural Geology,32(12):2072-2092
Yu ZP,Sun Y and Altenberger U.1996.Deformation and metamorphism of granitic mylonite in the Shagou ductile shear zone,Qinling,Central China.Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),26(4):331-334(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang B,Zhang JJ,Zhong DL and Guo L.2009.Strain and kinematic vorticity analysis:An indicator for sinistral transpressional strainpartitioning along the Lancangjiang shear zone,western Yunnan,China.Science in China(Series D),52(5):602-618
Zhang CL,Wang T and Wang XX.2008.Origin and tectonic setting of the Early Mesozoic Granitoids in Qinling Orogenic belt.Geological Journal of China Universities,14(3):304-316(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang GW,Zhang BR,Yuan XC and Xiao QH.2001.Qinling Orogenic Belt and Continental Dynamics.Beijing:Science Press,117-321(in Chinese)
Zhang JJ and Zheng YD.1997.Basic principles and applications of kinematic vorticity and polar Mohr diagram.Geological Science and Technology Information,16(3):33-39(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zheng YD.1999.Kinematic vorticity number and shear type related to the Yagan metamorphic core complex on Sino-Mongolian border.Scientia Geologica Sinica,34(3):273-280(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou JX and Zhang GW.1996.Microstructures and Re-recognization of(p)-T-t path in the Shagou mylonite zone of the Shangdan Zone,Qinling Belt,China.Scientia Geologica Sinica,31(1):33-42(in Chinese with English abstract)
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