如何走出全球治理的“僵局”
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摘要
在冷战两极对峙和核武器威胁的背景下,大国之间的合作加速了全球化进程,并形成了一种"治理有方"的全球化。然而,这种全球合作模式现在陷入了"僵局",因为全球治理对国家间的合作提出了更高要求。造成僵局的原因在于多极化加深、全球治理难度增大、制度惰性、治理机构分散这四个方面。以这四个原因为基础,可以进一步得出五个走出全球治理"僵局"的路径:市民社会协助政府改革,形成灵活自主的跨国组织,分享相同目标、遵守共同规范,对政府偏好进行干涉,增加国际社会公共品。
Under the background of Cold War and nuclear threat, the cooperation between powers accelerates the speed of globalization and facilitates a new form of governed globalization. This kind of cooperation now sinks into gridlock, because today global governance is more challenging for the international society. The author analyzes how gridlock is formed from four aspects: growing multipolarity, harder problems, institutional inertia and fragmentation. Based on the causes of gridlock, the author then proposes five pathways through gridlock: civil society coalitions with reformist governments, autonomous and adaptive international institutions, plurality and diversity of actors and agencies around common goals and norms, interventions to alter the preferences of states over time and threats to major powers' core interests.
Under the background of Cold War and nuclear threat, the cooperation between powers accelerates the speed of globalization and facilitates a new form of governed globalization. This kind of cooperation now sinks into gridlock, because today global governance is more challenging for the international society. The author analyzes how gridlock is formed from four aspects: growing multipolarity, harder problems, institutional inertia and fragmentation. Based on the causes of gridlock, the author then proposes five pathways through gridlock: civil society coalitions with reformist governments, autonomous and adaptive international institutions, plurality and diversity of actors and agencies around common goals and norms, interventions to alter the preferences of states over time and threats to major powers' core interests.
引文
(1)A. Cassese,“Violence, War and the Rule of Law in the International Community”,in D. Held,ed., Political Theory Today,Cambridge:Polity Press, 1991,p.256.
(2)我们也需要注意一点,冷战双方之所以小心维护着“共同的脆弱性”,是因为它们都认为此世的生活是有意义的。换而言之,它们的政治信念是世俗化的。如果这个信念失效了,脆弱的和平也会随之覆灭。
(1)Thomas Hale,David Held, and Kevin Young,Gridlock:Why Global Cooperation is Failing When We Need It Most,Cambridge:Polity Press, 2013.
(1)Thomas Hale and David Held et al., Beyond Gridlock,Cambridge:Polity Press, 2017.
(1)Thomas Hale, Between Interests and Law:The Politics of Transnational Commercial Disputes,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2015.
(2)J. Ikenberry,Liberal Leviathan:The Origins,Crisis,and Transformation of the American World, Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,2011.
(3)R. Gilpin,War and Change in World Politics,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1981.
(1)N. McCarty,K. Poole,and H. Rosenthal,Polarized America:The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches,Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2006.
(2)我们也需要注意一点,冷战双方之所以小心维护着“共同的脆弱性”,是因为它们都认为此世的生活是有意义的。换而言之,它们的政治信念是世俗化的。如果这个信念失效了,脆弱的和平也会随之覆灭。
(1)Thomas Hale,David Held, and Kevin Young,Gridlock:Why Global Cooperation is Failing When We Need It Most,Cambridge:Polity Press, 2013.
(1)Thomas Hale and David Held et al., Beyond Gridlock,Cambridge:Polity Press, 2017.
(1)Thomas Hale, Between Interests and Law:The Politics of Transnational Commercial Disputes,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2015.
(2)J. Ikenberry,Liberal Leviathan:The Origins,Crisis,and Transformation of the American World, Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,2011.
(3)R. Gilpin,War and Change in World Politics,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1981.
(1)N. McCarty,K. Poole,and H. Rosenthal,Polarized America:The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches,Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 2006.