23种农药对松毛虫赤眼蜂的急性毒性及安全性评价
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摘要
采用管测药膜法测定了23种常用杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂的急性毒性,并参考各药剂的田间推荐剂量进行了安全性评价。结果表明,在供试的7种杀虫剂中,噻唑膦、噻虫胺、虫螨腈、硫双威、啶虫脒和烯啶虫胺对松毛虫赤眼蜂成蜂均表现为极高风险性,多杀菌素为高风险性,在田间放蜂期应避免喷洒上述杀虫剂。供试的10种杀菌剂和6种除草剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂的风险普遍低于杀虫剂。其中,仅杀菌剂代森锰锌和戊唑醇对松毛虫赤眼蜂表现为高风险性;杀菌剂乙嘧酚磺酸酯、氰霜唑、百菌清和除草剂氟唑磺隆、五氟磺草胺、草甘膦异丙胺盐具有中等风险性;杀菌剂甲基硫菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、啶氧菌酯、氟啶胺、粉唑醇和除草剂氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯、高效氟吡甲禾灵、甲基二磺隆具有低风险性,但在生产应用中仍需谨慎操作,以减轻对天敌昆虫的杀伤作用并保护生态平衡。
The acute toxicity of 23 pesticides to natural enemy Trichogramma dendrolimi was measured with method of film residue in tube,and security assessment was conducted according to the field recommended dosages.Results showed that among the 7 insecticides,fosthiazate,clothianidin,chlorfenapyr,thiodicarb,acetamiprid and nitenpyram had exhibited extremely high risk on T.dendrolimi adults,and spinosad was defined as high risk,of which field applications should avoid the releasing period of T.dendrolimi.Selected 10 fungicides and 6 herbicides had generally shown lower ecological risk to T.dendrolimi adults than pesticides.Among which,only fungicide mancozeb and tebuconazole were listed as high risk; fungicide bupirimate,cyazofamid,chlorothalonil and herbicide flucarbazone-sodium,penoxsulam,glyphosate isopropylamine had medium risk; and fungicide thiophanate-methyl,difenoconazole,picoxystrobin,fluazinam,flutriafol and herbicidefluroxypyr-mepthyl,haloxyfop-Rmethyl,mesosulfuron exhibited low risk.However,prudent operation is still needed in productionpractice,to alleviate the negative effect of pesticides on natural enemy insects and maintain the ecological balance.
The acute toxicity of 23 pesticides to natural enemy Trichogramma dendrolimi was measured with method of film residue in tube,and security assessment was conducted according to the field recommended dosages.Results showed that among the 7 insecticides,fosthiazate,clothianidin,chlorfenapyr,thiodicarb,acetamiprid and nitenpyram had exhibited extremely high risk on T.dendrolimi adults,and spinosad was defined as high risk,of which field applications should avoid the releasing period of T.dendrolimi.Selected 10 fungicides and 6 herbicides had generally shown lower ecological risk to T.dendrolimi adults than pesticides.Among which,only fungicide mancozeb and tebuconazole were listed as high risk; fungicide bupirimate,cyazofamid,chlorothalonil and herbicide flucarbazone-sodium,penoxsulam,glyphosate isopropylamine had medium risk; and fungicide thiophanate-methyl,difenoconazole,picoxystrobin,fluazinam,flutriafol and herbicidefluroxypyr-mepthyl,haloxyfop-Rmethyl,mesosulfuron exhibited low risk.However,prudent operation is still needed in productionpractice,to alleviate the negative effect of pesticides on natural enemy insects and maintain the ecological balance.
引文
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Zhang JJ,Du WM,Zang LS,et al.Toxicity of chlorantrasiliprole on two egg parasitoids Trichogramma chilonis and T.ostriniae,and its impacts on their parasitism[J].Agrochemicals,2014,53(8):579-583.[张俊杰,杜文梅,臧连生,等.氯虫苯甲酰胺对螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒力作用及寄生能力的影响[J].农药,2014,53(8):579-583]
Zhang YF,Song QT,Zhang F,et al.Comparison of superparasitism and suitability to superparasitism between Trichogramma ostriniae and T.dendrolimi[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2010,26(4):377-384.[张延峰,宋琼婷,张帆,等.两种赤眼蜂过寄生及其对过寄生适应能力的比较[J].中国生物防治,2010,26(4):377-384]
Zhu JS,Lian ML,Wang J,et al.Toxicity and safety evaluation of five insecticides on egg parasitoid,Trichogramma evanescens Westwood[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(4):715-720.[朱九生,连梅力,王静,等.五种杀虫剂对卵寄生性天敌广赤眼蜂室内安全性评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):715-720]
Zhu XX,Cang T,Wang YH,et al.Acute toxicity and risk assessment of triazole fungicides to adult wasps of three Trichogramma species(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2014,57(6):688-695.[祝小祥,苍涛,王彦华,等.三唑类杀菌剂对三种赤眼蜂成蜂的急性毒性及风险评估[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(6):688-695]
Chan M,Godfray H.Host-feeding strategies of parasitoid wasps[J].Evolutionary Ecology,1993,7(6):593-604.
Cloyd RA,Bethke JA.Impact of neonicotinoid insecticides on natural enemies in green house and interiorscape environments[J].Pest Management Science,2011,67(1):3-9.
Feng B,Wu JG,Wang WY,et al.A summary of the studies and applicantions on Trichogramma westwood in our country[J].Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology,2004,1:26-30.[冯斌,吴建功,王文玉,等.赤眼蜂在我国的研究和应用现状综述[J].山西林业科技,2004,1:26-30]
Feng JG.The effect and influencing factors on the use of Trichogramma dendrolimi to control Ostrinia furnacalis[J].Entomological Journal of East China,1996,5(1):45-50.[冯建国.松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟的效果及其影响因素[J].华东昆虫学报,1996,5(1):45-50]
Geng JH,Shen ZR,Li ZX,et al.Optimal stage and temperature for cold storage of Trichogramma dendrolimi reared on Antheraeapernyi eggs[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2005,48(6):903-909.[耿金虎,沈佐锐,李正西,等.利用柞蚕卵繁殖的松毛虫赤眼蜂的适宜冷贮虫期和温度[J].昆虫学报,2005,48(6):903-909]
Gardner J,Hoffmann MP,Pitcher SA,et al.Integrating insecticides and Trichogramma ostriniae to control European corn borer in sweet corn:Economic analysis[J].Biological Control,2011,56:9-16.
Jin X,Yin XH,Zhu GN,et al.Analysis and evaluation of four fungicides toxicity and sensitivity against two Trichogramma spp.[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2011,13(6):649-652.[金啸,尹晓辉,朱国念,等.四种杀菌剂对两种赤眼蜂的毒性分析及敏感性比较[J].农药学学报,2011,13(6):649-652]
Li YX.Effects of insecticides on Trichogramma wasps[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2004,20(2):81-86.[李元喜.杀虫剂对赤眼蜂的影响[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(2):81-86]
Liu HP,Han JC,Xu Q,et al.Selective toxicity of insecticides between Aphis citricola and Coccinella septempunctala[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2007,15(2):126-129.[刘慧平,韩巨才,徐琴,等.杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜与七星瓢虫的毒力及选择性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(2):126-129]
Sun C,Su JY,Shen JL,et al.Laboratory safety evaluation of insecticides to Trichogramma japonicum[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2008,22(1):93-98.[孙超,苏建亚,沈晋良,等.杀虫剂对二化螟卵寄生性天敌稻螟赤眼蜂室内安全性评价[J].中国水稻科学,2008,22(1):93-98]
Wan FH,Ye ZC,Guo JY,et al.Progress and prospect of biological control study in our country[J].Entomological Knowledge,2000,37(2):65-74.[万方浩,叶正楚,郭建英,等.我国生物防治研究的进展及展望[J].昆虫知识,2000,37(2):65-74]
Wang YH,Yu RX,Zhao XP,et al.Acute toxicity and safety evaluation of neonicotinoids and macrocyclic lactiones to adult wasps of four Trichogramma species(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2012,55(1):36-45.[王彦华,俞瑞鲜,赵学平,等.新烟碱类和大环内酯类杀虫剂对四种赤眼蜂成蜂急性毒性和安全性评价[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(1):36-45]
Williams L,Price LD.A space-efficient contact toxicity bioassay for minute Hymenoptera,used to test the effects of novel and conventional insecticides on the egg parasitoids Anaphesiole and Trichogramma pretiosum[J].Biocontrol,2004,49:163-185.
Wu CX,Wang Q,Zhao XP,et al.Study on toxicity and safety evaluation of chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin to Trichogramma[J].Agrochemicals,2008,47(2):125-127.[吴长兴,王强,赵学平,等.毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对赤眼蜂毒性与安全评价[J].农药,2008,47(2):125-127]
Xiang YY,Zhang F.Review of application research on Trichogramma westwood in biological control in China[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2011,40(12):20-24.[向玉勇,张帆.赤眼蜂在我国生物防治中的应用研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(12):20-24]
Xu HQ,Liu YY,Zhu GD,et al.Comparison of toxicity and safety evaluation of 16 kinds of pesticides on Trichogramma ostriniae and Encarsia formosa[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2014,36(6):959-964.[徐华强,刘艳艳,祝国栋,等.16种不同类型农药对两种寄生蜂的毒性比较和安全性评价[J].环境昆虫学报,2014,36(6):959-964]
Yang CC,Wang CS,Zheng YN,et al.Sustained effects of Trichogramma dendrolimi on Ostrinia furnacali[J].Maize Science,2011,19(1):139-142.[杨长成,王传士,郑雅楠,等.赤眼蜂防治玉米螟的持续效果分析[J].玉米科学,2011,19(1):139-142]
Zhang JJ,Du WM,Zang LS,et al.Toxicity of chlorantrasiliprole on two egg parasitoids Trichogramma chilonis and T.ostriniae,and its impacts on their parasitism[J].Agrochemicals,2014,53(8):579-583.[张俊杰,杜文梅,臧连生,等.氯虫苯甲酰胺对螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒力作用及寄生能力的影响[J].农药,2014,53(8):579-583]
Zhang YF,Song QT,Zhang F,et al.Comparison of superparasitism and suitability to superparasitism between Trichogramma ostriniae and T.dendrolimi[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2010,26(4):377-384.[张延峰,宋琼婷,张帆,等.两种赤眼蜂过寄生及其对过寄生适应能力的比较[J].中国生物防治,2010,26(4):377-384]
Zhu JS,Lian ML,Wang J,et al.Toxicity and safety evaluation of five insecticides on egg parasitoid,Trichogramma evanescens Westwood[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(4):715-720.[朱九生,连梅力,王静,等.五种杀虫剂对卵寄生性天敌广赤眼蜂室内安全性评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):715-720]
Zhu XX,Cang T,Wang YH,et al.Acute toxicity and risk assessment of triazole fungicides to adult wasps of three Trichogramma species(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2014,57(6):688-695.[祝小祥,苍涛,王彦华,等.三唑类杀菌剂对三种赤眼蜂成蜂的急性毒性及风险评估[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(6):688-695]