CAST工艺高温短程硝化的实现及其除磷性能
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摘要
以模拟废水为研究对象,考察了22、25、28℃这3个温度下CAST反应器内短程硝化的实现及其除磷性能.结果表明,不同温度下系统的TN去除均稳定在80%以上,且NH_4~+-N去除良好.当温度为22℃和25℃时系统内未观察到亚硝积累,除磷率为94. 3%和86. 9%,升高温度至28℃,反应器内亚硝积累率为87. 2%,实现稳定的短程硝化.此外,高温短程硝化阶段(28℃),系统释、吸磷能力较22℃和25℃均有所下降,且厌氧段释磷量/COD消耗量(P/C)比明显低于前两个阶段.然而,该温度条件下反应器除磷性能并未恶化,除磷率为68. 9%,说明进水碳源充足不仅能保证CAST工艺对TN的去除,同时可用于解毒NO_2~-以减弱其对聚磷菌的抑制.不同温度条件下的污泥吸磷小试发现,O_2、NO_3~-、NO_2~-均可作为电子受体进行吸磷,其中好氧吸磷速率高于以NO_3~-和NO_2~-为电子受体的反硝化吸磷速率,且以O_2和NO_3~-为电子受体的吸磷速率与温度呈负相关.
A synthetic wastewater was employed to investigate the realization of short-cut nitrification and its phosphorus removal performance in a CAST reactor operated at 22℃,25℃,and 28℃. The results showed that TN removal of the system was stable and higher than 80% at different temperatures,and NH_4~+-N removal performed well. When the temperature was at 22℃ and 25℃,nitrite accumulation was not observed in the system and the phosphorus removal rate were 94. 3% and 86. 9%,respectively. When the temperature was increased to 28℃,nitrite accumulation efficiency in the reactor reached 87. 2%,implying the system achieved a stable short-cut nitrification. In addition,in the short-cut nitrification stage at high temperature( 28℃),the phosphorus release and uptake capacity of the system decreased. The anaerobic phosphorus release/COD consumption( P/C) ratio was much lower compared those at 22℃ and 25℃. However,the phosphorus removal performance of the reactor did not deteriorate at this stage. The phosphorus removal rate was 68. 9%,indicating that a sufficient carbon source in the influent could not only guarantee the removal of TN,but also detoxify NO_2~-to reduce its inhibitory effect on the phosphate accumulating organisms( PAOs). The batch tests of phosphorus uptake by the sludge under different temperature conditions revealed that O_2,NO_3~-,and NO_2~-could all be used as electron acceptors for phosphorus uptake. The aerobic phosphorus uptake rate was higher than that with NO_3~-and NO_2~-as electron acceptors. The phosphorus uptake rates of O_2 and NO_3~-as electron acceptors were also found to be negatively correlated with temperature.
A synthetic wastewater was employed to investigate the realization of short-cut nitrification and its phosphorus removal performance in a CAST reactor operated at 22℃,25℃,and 28℃. The results showed that TN removal of the system was stable and higher than 80% at different temperatures,and NH_4~+-N removal performed well. When the temperature was at 22℃ and 25℃,nitrite accumulation was not observed in the system and the phosphorus removal rate were 94. 3% and 86. 9%,respectively. When the temperature was increased to 28℃,nitrite accumulation efficiency in the reactor reached 87. 2%,implying the system achieved a stable short-cut nitrification. In addition,in the short-cut nitrification stage at high temperature( 28℃),the phosphorus release and uptake capacity of the system decreased. The anaerobic phosphorus release/COD consumption( P/C) ratio was much lower compared those at 22℃ and 25℃. However,the phosphorus removal performance of the reactor did not deteriorate at this stage. The phosphorus removal rate was 68. 9%,indicating that a sufficient carbon source in the influent could not only guarantee the removal of TN,but also detoxify NO_2~-to reduce its inhibitory effect on the phosphate accumulating organisms( PAOs). The batch tests of phosphorus uptake by the sludge under different temperature conditions revealed that O_2,NO_3~-,and NO_2~-could all be used as electron acceptors for phosphorus uptake. The aerobic phosphorus uptake rate was higher than that with NO_3~-and NO_2~-as electron acceptors. The phosphorus uptake rates of O_2 and NO_3~-as electron acceptors were also found to be negatively correlated with temperature.
引文
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[13]尚会来,彭永臻,张静蓉,等.温度对短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):516-520.Shang H L,Peng Y Z,Zhang J R,et al.The effect of temperature on short-cut nitrification and denitrification[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(3):516-520.
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[17]刘宏,彭永臻,卢炯元,等.温度对间歇曝气SBR短程硝化及硝化活性的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4656-4663.Liu H,Peng Y Z,Lu J Y,et al.Effects of temperature on shortcut nitrification and nitrification activity of nitrification in an intermittent aeration sequencing batch reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(11):4656-4663.
[18]孙洪伟,王淑莹,王希明,等.低温SBR反硝化过程亚硝态氮积累试验研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(12):3619-3623.Sun H W,Wang S Y,Wang X M,et al.Nitrite accumulation during the denitration process in SBR at low temperature[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(12):3619-3623.
[19]宋姬晨,王淑莹,杨雄,等.亚硝酸盐对A2O系统脱氮除磷的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2231-2238.Song J C,Wang S Y,Yang X,et al.Effect of nitrite on nutrient removal in A2O system[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(9):2231-2238.
[20]Lee S H,Ko J H,Kim J R,et al.Identification of the adverse effect of nitrate on the phosphate release rate and improvement of EBPR process models[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,53(4-5):115-123.
[21]江涛.温度对聚磷菌的影响特性研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013.
[22]彭党聪,樊香妮,张玲,等.温度对生物除磷系统微生物种群关系及动力学的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2091-2096.Peng D C,Fan X N,Zhang L,et al.Effects of temperature on dynamics and microbial community structure of enhanced biological phosphorous removal[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(4):2091-2096.
[23]Saito T,Brdjanovic D,van Loosdrecht M C M.Effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake by phosphate accumulating organisms[J].Water Research,2004,38(17):3760-3768.
[24]张小玲,邓扬帆,冯继贵,等.亚硝酸盐对强化生物除磷系统的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(2):204-209.Zhang X L,Deng Y F,Feng J G,et al.Effect of nitrite on strengthening the bio-phosphorus removal system[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(2):204-209.
[25]乐星星,顾向阳.亚硝酸盐对EBPR工艺除磷效率的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(2):266-272.Le X X,Gu X Y.Effects of nitrite on phosphorus removal rate during EBPR process[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2017,40(2):266-272.
[26]苗志加,薛桂松,翁冬晨,等.亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌反硝化除磷代谢及N2O产生的影响[J].化工学报,2013,64(6):2201-2207.Miao Z J,Xue G S,Weng D C,et al.Effect of nitrite on denitrifying phosphorous removal metabolism and N2O production by PAOs[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(6):2201-2207.
[27]曾薇,李磊,杨莹莹,等.亚硝酸盐积累对A2O工艺生物除磷的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2105-2112.Zeng W,Li L,Yang Y Y,et al.Effect of nitrite accumulation on enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)in A2Oprocess treating domestic wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(9):2105-2112.
[28]马娟,王谨,俞小军,等.不同运行模式下改良型CAST工艺处理生活污水的除磷性能[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5146-5153.Ma J,Wang J,Yu X J,et al.Phosphorus removal capacity of domestic wastewater treated by a modified CAST process under different operating modes[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5146-5153.
[29]Zeng W,Zhang L M,Fan P C,et al.Community structures and population dynamics of“Candidatus Accumulibacter”in activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants using ppk1 as phylogenetic marker[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,67:237-248.
[30]Flowers J J,Cadkin T A,Mc Mahon K D.Seasonal bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plant[J].Water Research,2013,47(19):7019-7031.
[31]王杰,彭永臻,杨雄,等.温度对活性污泥沉降性能与微生物种群结构的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):109-116.Wang J,Peng Y Z,Yang X,et al.Effect of temperature on activated sludge settleability and microbial community structure[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):109-116.
[32]吕景花.厌氧释磷上清液侧流化学磷回收对主流生物除磷系统的影响研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.
[2]Fdz-Polanco F,Villaverde S,Garcia P A.Nitrite accumulation in submerged biofilters-combined effects[J].Water Science and Technology,1996,34(3-4):371-378.
[3]Ahn Y H.Sustainable nitrogen elimination biotechnologies:a review[J].Process Biochemistry,2006,41(8):1709-1721.
[4]Guo J H,Peng Y Z,Wang S Y,et al.Long-term effect of dissolved oxygen on partial nitrification performance and microbial community structure[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(11):2796-2802.
[5]高大文,彭永臻,杨庆,等.应用实时控制实现和稳定短程硝化反硝化[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(12):1-5.Gao D W,Peng Y Z,Yang Q,et al.Application of real time control for achieving and stabilizing short-cut nitrification and denitrification[J].China Water&Wastewater,2003,19(12):1-5.
[6]田智勇,李冬,曹相生,等.常温限氧条件下SBR反应器中的部分亚硝化研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(4):931-936.Tian Z Y,Li D,Cao X S,et al.Partial nitrification in SBRunder normal temperature and limited oxygen condition[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(4):931-936.
[7]Bae W,Baek S,Chung J,et al.Optimal operational factors for nitrite accumulation in batch reactors[J].Biodegradation,2001,12(5):359-366.
[8]李捷,徐浩,罗凡,等.城市生活污水短程硝化的两个关键控制因素研究[J].给水排水,2018,54(6):29-32.
[9]祝贵兵,彭永臻,郭建华.短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(10):1552-1557.Zhu G B,Peng Y Z,Guo J H.Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2008,40(10):1552-1557.
[10]Grunditz C,Dalhammar G.Development of nitrification inhibition assays using pure cultures of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter[J].Water Research,2001,35(2):433-440.
[11]Hesselmann R P,Werlen C,Hahn D,et al.Enrichment,phylogenetic analysis and detection of a bacterium that performs enhanced biological phosphate removal in activated sludge[J].Systematic and Applied Microbiology,1999,22(3):454-465.
[12]张立成,党维,徐浩,等.SBR快速实现短程硝化及影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(5):2272-2276.Zhang L C,Dang W,Xu H,et al.Achievement and influencing factors of shortcut nitrification in SBR process[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(5):2272-2276.
[13]尚会来,彭永臻,张静蓉,等.温度对短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):516-520.Shang H L,Peng Y Z,Zhang J R,et al.The effect of temperature on short-cut nitrification and denitrification[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(3):516-520.
[14]Yang Q,Peng Y Z,Liu X H,et al.Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal wastewater at low temperatures using real-time control to optimize nitrifying communities[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,41(23):8159-8164.
[15]殷琨.CAST工艺运行参数优化研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[16]吴鹏,陆爽君,徐乐中,等.温度对ABR-MBR复合工艺处理生活污水的影响及其微生物群落分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3466-3472.Wu P,Lu S J,Xu Y Z,et al.Effects of temperature on combined process of ABR and MBR for domestic sewage treatment and analysis of microbial community[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3466-3472.
[17]刘宏,彭永臻,卢炯元,等.温度对间歇曝气SBR短程硝化及硝化活性的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4656-4663.Liu H,Peng Y Z,Lu J Y,et al.Effects of temperature on shortcut nitrification and nitrification activity of nitrification in an intermittent aeration sequencing batch reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(11):4656-4663.
[18]孙洪伟,王淑莹,王希明,等.低温SBR反硝化过程亚硝态氮积累试验研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(12):3619-3623.Sun H W,Wang S Y,Wang X M,et al.Nitrite accumulation during the denitration process in SBR at low temperature[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(12):3619-3623.
[19]宋姬晨,王淑莹,杨雄,等.亚硝酸盐对A2O系统脱氮除磷的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(9):2231-2238.Song J C,Wang S Y,Yang X,et al.Effect of nitrite on nutrient removal in A2O system[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(9):2231-2238.
[20]Lee S H,Ko J H,Kim J R,et al.Identification of the adverse effect of nitrate on the phosphate release rate and improvement of EBPR process models[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,53(4-5):115-123.
[21]江涛.温度对聚磷菌的影响特性研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013.
[22]彭党聪,樊香妮,张玲,等.温度对生物除磷系统微生物种群关系及动力学的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(4):2091-2096.Peng D C,Fan X N,Zhang L,et al.Effects of temperature on dynamics and microbial community structure of enhanced biological phosphorous removal[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(4):2091-2096.
[23]Saito T,Brdjanovic D,van Loosdrecht M C M.Effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake by phosphate accumulating organisms[J].Water Research,2004,38(17):3760-3768.
[24]张小玲,邓扬帆,冯继贵,等.亚硝酸盐对强化生物除磷系统的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(2):204-209.Zhang X L,Deng Y F,Feng J G,et al.Effect of nitrite on strengthening the bio-phosphorus removal system[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(2):204-209.
[25]乐星星,顾向阳.亚硝酸盐对EBPR工艺除磷效率的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(2):266-272.Le X X,Gu X Y.Effects of nitrite on phosphorus removal rate during EBPR process[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2017,40(2):266-272.
[26]苗志加,薛桂松,翁冬晨,等.亚硝酸盐对聚磷菌反硝化除磷代谢及N2O产生的影响[J].化工学报,2013,64(6):2201-2207.Miao Z J,Xue G S,Weng D C,et al.Effect of nitrite on denitrifying phosphorous removal metabolism and N2O production by PAOs[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(6):2201-2207.
[27]曾薇,李磊,杨莹莹,等.亚硝酸盐积累对A2O工艺生物除磷的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2105-2112.Zeng W,Li L,Yang Y Y,et al.Effect of nitrite accumulation on enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)in A2Oprocess treating domestic wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(9):2105-2112.
[28]马娟,王谨,俞小军,等.不同运行模式下改良型CAST工艺处理生活污水的除磷性能[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5146-5153.Ma J,Wang J,Yu X J,et al.Phosphorus removal capacity of domestic wastewater treated by a modified CAST process under different operating modes[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5146-5153.
[29]Zeng W,Zhang L M,Fan P C,et al.Community structures and population dynamics of“Candidatus Accumulibacter”in activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants using ppk1 as phylogenetic marker[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,67:237-248.
[30]Flowers J J,Cadkin T A,Mc Mahon K D.Seasonal bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plant[J].Water Research,2013,47(19):7019-7031.
[31]王杰,彭永臻,杨雄,等.温度对活性污泥沉降性能与微生物种群结构的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):109-116.Wang J,Peng Y Z,Yang X,et al.Effect of temperature on activated sludge settleability and microbial community structure[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):109-116.
[32]吕景花.厌氧释磷上清液侧流化学磷回收对主流生物除磷系统的影响研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.