离子吸附型稀土溶浸液毛细上升实验研究
|
摘要
离子吸附型稀土的浸出速率和回收率受到矿体渗透性影响,原地浸矿中毛细作用会使得矿体的渗透性发生变化。为了研究离子型稀土毛细上升作用,把矿土按粒径≤4. 75 mm、≤1. 18 mm、≤0. 6 mm和≤0. 3 mm分为四组试样,采用清水、浓度为3%(NH4)2SO4及5%(NH4)2SO4溶液进行室内毛细上升实验。实验表明:毛细上升高度均呈现先快速增加,然后进入过渡阶段缓慢增加,最后趋于稳定的现象;矿体的粒径大小对毛细上升高度有明显影响,粒径越大,毛细上升高度越小,主要由于空隙率不同,毛细水上升的路径不同;不同浓度硫酸铵溶液的毛细上升高度与清水的毛细上升高度有明显差异,浸矿液的浓度越大,影响越大;最大毛细上升高度与最大粒径符合幂函数关系,与毛细渗透系数则呈负相关性。
The capillarity in the process of in-situ leaching mining affects the permeability of rare earth ions,which will further affect leaching velocity and leaching result. In order to study the effect of particle size and ion exchange on capillary,four kinds of different particle size( ≤4. 75 mm,≤1. 18 mm,≤0. 6 mm and ≤0. 3 mm) of ion-adsorption rare earth had been tested in three different concentration ammonium sulfate solution( 0,3% and 5%),and the samples were taken from rare earth ores. The results indicate that the the velocity of capillary rise was fast at first,and then slow and then stabilized. The bigger the particle size is,the smaller the height of capillary rise is. The height of capillary rise of ammonium sulfate solution is significantly different from that of water. The solute potential has a promoting effect on the capillary phenomenon,the greater the concentration,the more obvious the effection. This paper predicts the maximum height of capillary rise,which presents a power function with the soil particle size. The permeability coefficient of capillary increases with the increase of soil particle size,and they have an exponential relationship. The maximum height of capillary rise and the permeability coefficient of capillary are correlated negatively.
The capillarity in the process of in-situ leaching mining affects the permeability of rare earth ions,which will further affect leaching velocity and leaching result. In order to study the effect of particle size and ion exchange on capillary,four kinds of different particle size( ≤4. 75 mm,≤1. 18 mm,≤0. 6 mm and ≤0. 3 mm) of ion-adsorption rare earth had been tested in three different concentration ammonium sulfate solution( 0,3% and 5%),and the samples were taken from rare earth ores. The results indicate that the the velocity of capillary rise was fast at first,and then slow and then stabilized. The bigger the particle size is,the smaller the height of capillary rise is. The height of capillary rise of ammonium sulfate solution is significantly different from that of water. The solute potential has a promoting effect on the capillary phenomenon,the greater the concentration,the more obvious the effection. This paper predicts the maximum height of capillary rise,which presents a power function with the soil particle size. The permeability coefficient of capillary increases with the increase of soil particle size,and they have an exponential relationship. The maximum height of capillary rise and the permeability coefficient of capillary are correlated negatively.
引文
[1]池汝安,田君.风化壳淋积型稀土矿评述[J].中国稀土学报,2007,25(6):641-650.Chi R A,Tian J. Review of weathered crust rare earth ore[J]. Journal of The Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2007,25(6):641-650.
[2]郭钟群,金解放,赵奎,等.离子吸附型稀土开采工艺与理论研究现状[J].稀土,2018,39(1):132-141.Guo Z Q,Jin J F,Zhao K,et al. Status of leaching technology and theory of ion adsorption type rare earth ores[J]. Chinese Rare Earths,2018,39(1):132-141.
[3] Huang X W,Long Z Q,Hong W,et al. Development of rare earth hydrometallurgy technology in China[J]. Journal of Rare Earths,2005,23(1):1-4.
[4]丁嘉榆.离子型稀土矿开发的历史回顾—纪念赣州有色冶金研究所建所60周年[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012,3(4):14-19.Ding J Y. Historical review of the ionic rare earth mining:In honor of the 60 anniversary of GNMRI[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2012,3(4):14-19.
[5] Yin S H,Wang L M,Chen X,et al. Effect of ore size and heap porosity on capillary process inside leaching heap[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(3):835-841.
[6]韦昌富,侯龙,简文星.非饱和土力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012. 95-100.Wei C F,Hou L,Jian W X. Unsaturated Soil Mechanics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012. 95-100.
[7]汤洵忠,李茂楠,杨殿.原地浸析采矿中的溶液毛细损失及其对策[J].湖南有色金属,1999,15(5):6-8.Tang X Z,Li M N,Y D. Capillary loss of solution during the in-situ leach mining and the countermeasure[J].Hunan Nonferrous Metals,1999,15(5):6-8.
[8]张志军,李亚俊,刘玄钊,等.某金属矿山尾矿坝中毛细水的上升规律[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(5):1345-1351.Zhang Z J,Li Y J,Liu X Z,et al. Rising law of capillary water in tailings dam of metal mine[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(5):1345-1351.
[9]董斌,张喜发,李欣,等.毛细水上升高度综合实验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(10):1569-1574.Dong B,Zhang X F,Li X,et al. Comprehensive tests on rising height of capillary water[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(10):1569-1574.
[10]金解放,陶伟,邱灿,等.离子型稀土一维垂直入渗规律及最大粒径的影响实验研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2015,6(6):125-131.Jin J F,Tao W,Qiu C,et al. Experimental research on the one dimensional vertical infiltration rule of ionic rare earth and the effects of maximum particle size[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2015,6(6):125-131.
[11]郭钟群,金解放,秦艳华,等.南方离子型稀土一维水平入渗规律实验研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2017,8(2):102-106.Guo Z Q,Jin J F, Qin Y H, et al. Experimental research on one-dimensional horizontal infiltration rules of ion-adsorption rare earth[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2017,8(2):102-106.
[12]苗强强,陈正汉,田卿燕,等.非饱和含黏土砂毛细上升实验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):327-333.Miao Q A,Cheng Z H,Tian Q Y,et al. Experimental study of capillary rise of unsaturated clayey sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,32(Supp. 1):327-333.
[13]李幻,韦昌富,颜荣涛,等.非饱和土毛细滞回内变量模型的修正[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3721-3726.Li H,Wei C F,Yan R T,et al. A modification for capillary hysteresis internal variable model of unsaturated soils[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3721-3726.
[14]李慧,徐志高,余军霞,等.风化壳淋积型稀土矿矿石性质及稀土在各粒径上的分布[J].稀土,2012,33(2):14-18.Li H,Xu Z G,Yu J X,et al. Study on ore properties of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore and rare earth contents in various grain size[J]. Chinese Rare Earths,2012,33(2):14-18.
[15]景卫华,贾忠华,罗纨.总水势概念的定义、计算及应用条件[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(2):27-32.Jing W H,Jia Z H,Luo W. Definition,calculation and application of total water potential[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(2):27-32.
[16] Terzashi K. Theoretical Soil Mechanics[M]. New York:Wiley,1943. 128-143.
[2]郭钟群,金解放,赵奎,等.离子吸附型稀土开采工艺与理论研究现状[J].稀土,2018,39(1):132-141.Guo Z Q,Jin J F,Zhao K,et al. Status of leaching technology and theory of ion adsorption type rare earth ores[J]. Chinese Rare Earths,2018,39(1):132-141.
[3] Huang X W,Long Z Q,Hong W,et al. Development of rare earth hydrometallurgy technology in China[J]. Journal of Rare Earths,2005,23(1):1-4.
[4]丁嘉榆.离子型稀土矿开发的历史回顾—纪念赣州有色冶金研究所建所60周年[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012,3(4):14-19.Ding J Y. Historical review of the ionic rare earth mining:In honor of the 60 anniversary of GNMRI[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2012,3(4):14-19.
[5] Yin S H,Wang L M,Chen X,et al. Effect of ore size and heap porosity on capillary process inside leaching heap[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(3):835-841.
[6]韦昌富,侯龙,简文星.非饱和土力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012. 95-100.Wei C F,Hou L,Jian W X. Unsaturated Soil Mechanics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012. 95-100.
[7]汤洵忠,李茂楠,杨殿.原地浸析采矿中的溶液毛细损失及其对策[J].湖南有色金属,1999,15(5):6-8.Tang X Z,Li M N,Y D. Capillary loss of solution during the in-situ leach mining and the countermeasure[J].Hunan Nonferrous Metals,1999,15(5):6-8.
[8]张志军,李亚俊,刘玄钊,等.某金属矿山尾矿坝中毛细水的上升规律[J].中国有色金属学报,2014,24(5):1345-1351.Zhang Z J,Li Y J,Liu X Z,et al. Rising law of capillary water in tailings dam of metal mine[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2014,24(5):1345-1351.
[9]董斌,张喜发,李欣,等.毛细水上升高度综合实验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(10):1569-1574.Dong B,Zhang X F,Li X,et al. Comprehensive tests on rising height of capillary water[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(10):1569-1574.
[10]金解放,陶伟,邱灿,等.离子型稀土一维垂直入渗规律及最大粒径的影响实验研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2015,6(6):125-131.Jin J F,Tao W,Qiu C,et al. Experimental research on the one dimensional vertical infiltration rule of ionic rare earth and the effects of maximum particle size[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2015,6(6):125-131.
[11]郭钟群,金解放,秦艳华,等.南方离子型稀土一维水平入渗规律实验研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2017,8(2):102-106.Guo Z Q,Jin J F, Qin Y H, et al. Experimental research on one-dimensional horizontal infiltration rules of ion-adsorption rare earth[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2017,8(2):102-106.
[12]苗强强,陈正汉,田卿燕,等.非饱和含黏土砂毛细上升实验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):327-333.Miao Q A,Cheng Z H,Tian Q Y,et al. Experimental study of capillary rise of unsaturated clayey sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,32(Supp. 1):327-333.
[13]李幻,韦昌富,颜荣涛,等.非饱和土毛细滞回内变量模型的修正[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3721-3726.Li H,Wei C F,Yan R T,et al. A modification for capillary hysteresis internal variable model of unsaturated soils[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3721-3726.
[14]李慧,徐志高,余军霞,等.风化壳淋积型稀土矿矿石性质及稀土在各粒径上的分布[J].稀土,2012,33(2):14-18.Li H,Xu Z G,Yu J X,et al. Study on ore properties of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore and rare earth contents in various grain size[J]. Chinese Rare Earths,2012,33(2):14-18.
[15]景卫华,贾忠华,罗纨.总水势概念的定义、计算及应用条件[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(2):27-32.Jing W H,Jia Z H,Luo W. Definition,calculation and application of total water potential[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(2):27-32.
[16] Terzashi K. Theoretical Soil Mechanics[M]. New York:Wiley,1943. 128-143.