基于TPHM的页岩气藏多级压裂水平井产能分析
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摘要
页岩孔隙结构复杂,微裂缝发育,传统的应力敏感模型不能准确表征开发过程中页岩基质的渗透率变化,基于双应变胡克模型(Two-Part Hooke’s Model,简称TPHM),建立综合考虑页岩气黏性流、Knudsen扩散、吸附解吸的数学模型。利用离散裂缝模型对地层微裂缝及水力裂缝进行描述,采用商业化软件对模型进行有限元求解,并对相应的参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明:考虑Knudsen扩散后,页岩气产气速度增大;考虑TPHM表征的渗透率后,页岩气产气速度显著下降;人工裂缝间距、长度、条数均对页岩气产能有很大的影响,人工裂缝间距越大、长度越长以及条数越多,页岩气产气速度越大。通过实例应用,验证了TPHM的正确性。该渗透率模型更加符合页岩的特点,从而可以更加精确地模拟页岩气井的产能,辅助开发方案的制订。
Shale has complex pore structure and many micro-cracks.Traditional stress-sensitive models cannot accurately characterize the permeability changes of the shale matrix during development.Based on the Two-part Hooke's Model(TPHM),we established a mathematical model that comprehensively considers shale gas viscous flow,Knudsen diffusion,and adsorption-desorption.We use the discrete fracture model to describe the formation micro-cracks and hydraulic fractures.The commercial software is used to solve the model by finite element method.Then we analyze the sensitivity of the corresponding parameters.The results showed that:Considering the diffusion of Knudsen,the gas production rate of shale gas increases.After considering the permeability of TPHM,the gas production rate of shale gas decreased significantly.The distance,length and number of artificial fractures have great influence on shale gas productivity.The greater the distance between artificial fractures,the larger the length and the more the number of columns,the higher the gas production rate of shale gasis.The correctness of the TPHM is verified by an example.This permeability model is more suitable for the characteristics of shale.It can more accurately simulate the productivity of shale gas wells and help develop the development plan.
Shale has complex pore structure and many micro-cracks.Traditional stress-sensitive models cannot accurately characterize the permeability changes of the shale matrix during development.Based on the Two-part Hooke's Model(TPHM),we established a mathematical model that comprehensively considers shale gas viscous flow,Knudsen diffusion,and adsorption-desorption.We use the discrete fracture model to describe the formation micro-cracks and hydraulic fractures.The commercial software is used to solve the model by finite element method.Then we analyze the sensitivity of the corresponding parameters.The results showed that:Considering the diffusion of Knudsen,the gas production rate of shale gas increases.After considering the permeability of TPHM,the gas production rate of shale gas decreased significantly.The distance,length and number of artificial fractures have great influence on shale gas productivity.The greater the distance between artificial fractures,the larger the length and the more the number of columns,the higher the gas production rate of shale gasis.The correctness of the TPHM is verified by an example.This permeability model is more suitable for the characteristics of shale.It can more accurately simulate the productivity of shale gas wells and help develop the development plan.
引文
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[14]Wang Rui,Zhang Ningsheng,Liu Xiaojuan,et al.Research progress of mechanism of adsorption and desorption of gas in shale[J],Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(19):5561-5567.王瑞,张宁生,刘晓娟,等.页岩气吸附与解吸附机理研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(19):5561-5567.
[15]Zhao Yuji,Guo Wei,Xiong Wei,et al.Study of impact factors on shale gas adsorption and desorption[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):940-946.赵玉集,郭为,熊伟,等.页岩等温吸附/解吸影响因素研究[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):940-946.
[16]Shi J,Zhang L,Li Y,et al.Diffusion and flow mechanisms of shale gas through matrix pores and gas production forecasting[C]//SPE Unconventional Resources Conference Canada.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2013:1-19.
[17]Wu Y,Moridis G J,Bai B,et al.A multi-continuum model for gas production in tight fractured reservoirs[C]∥SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2009:1-16.
[18]Jiang Ruizhong,Zhang Wei,Teng Wenchao,et al.Interporosity flow coefficient analysis for a triple-porosity shale gas reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(4):78-82.姜瑞忠,张伟,滕文超,等.页岩气藏三重介质窜流参数分析[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(4):78-82.
[2]Jiang Ruizhong,Wang Yang,Jia Junfei,et al.The new model for matrix and fracture permeability in shale reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):934-939.姜瑞忠,汪洋,贾俊飞,等.页岩储层基质和裂缝渗透率新模型研究[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):934-939.
[3]Pedrosa O A.Pressure transient response in stress-sensitive formations[C]∥SPE California Regional Meeting.Society of Petroleum Engineers,1986:203-210.
[4]Shi Yujiang,Sun Xiaoping.Stress sensitivity analysis of Changqing tight clastic reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation,2001,28(5):85-87.石玉江,孙小平.长庆致密碎屑岩储集层应力敏感性分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(5):85-87.
[5]Gangi A F.Variation of whole and fractured porous rock permeability with confining pressure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(5):249-257.
[6]McKee C R,Bumb A C,Koenig R A.Stress-dependent permeability and porosity of coal and other geologic formations[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1988,3(1):81-91.
[7]Bao Xueyang,Shi Xingjue.Experiment research and interpretation on nonlinear elasticity of rock using P-M model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3397-3404.包雪阳,施行觉.岩石非线性弹性的实验研究及其P-M模型的理论解释[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3397-3404.
[8]Liu H H,Rutqvist J,Berryman J G.On the relationship between stress and elastic strain for porous and fractured rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46(2):289-296.
[9]Zheng J,Zheng L,Liu H H,et al.Relationships between permeability,porosity and effective stress for low-permeability sedimentary rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,78:304-318.
[10]Zheng J,Ju Y,Liu H H,et al.Numerical prediction of the decline of the shale gas production rate with considering the geomechanical effects based on the two-part Hooke’s model[J].Fuel,2016,185:362-369.
[11]He Yidong,Ren Lan,Zhao Jinzhou,et al.Finite element numerical simulation of shale gas production of hydraulically fractured horizontal well with stimulated reservoir volume[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2017,24(4):550-556.何易东,任岚,赵金洲,等.页岩气藏体积压裂水平井产能有限元数值模拟[J].断块油气田,2017,24(4):550-556.
[12]Bian Xiaobing,Jiang Tingxue,Su Yuan,et al.Influence of fracture parameters on post-fracturing shale gas production in horizontal well[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2014,21(4):126-129.卞晓冰,蒋廷学,苏瑗,等.裂缝参数对压裂后页岩气水平井排采影响[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(4):126-129.
[13]Liang Bing,Dai Yuanyuan,Chen Tianyu,et al.Influence of fissure parameters on production capacity of shale gas horizontal wells considering slippage effect[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2015,43(2):44-47.梁冰,代媛媛,陈天宇,等.裂缝参数对考虑滑脱效应页岩气水平井产能的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2015,43(2):44-47.
[14]Wang Rui,Zhang Ningsheng,Liu Xiaojuan,et al.Research progress of mechanism of adsorption and desorption of gas in shale[J],Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(19):5561-5567.王瑞,张宁生,刘晓娟,等.页岩气吸附与解吸附机理研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(19):5561-5567.
[15]Zhao Yuji,Guo Wei,Xiong Wei,et al.Study of impact factors on shale gas adsorption and desorption[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):940-946.赵玉集,郭为,熊伟,等.页岩等温吸附/解吸影响因素研究[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):940-946.
[16]Shi J,Zhang L,Li Y,et al.Diffusion and flow mechanisms of shale gas through matrix pores and gas production forecasting[C]//SPE Unconventional Resources Conference Canada.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2013:1-19.
[17]Wu Y,Moridis G J,Bai B,et al.A multi-continuum model for gas production in tight fractured reservoirs[C]∥SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference.Society of Petroleum Engineers,2009:1-16.
[18]Jiang Ruizhong,Zhang Wei,Teng Wenchao,et al.Interporosity flow coefficient analysis for a triple-porosity shale gas reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(4):78-82.姜瑞忠,张伟,滕文超,等.页岩气藏三重介质窜流参数分析[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(4):78-82.