南京秋冬季2次霾污染天气过程分析
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摘要
针对2013年12月和2014年12月南京地区秋冬季的2次典型霾污染过程,利用地面观测资料和常规气象资料,对这2次霾发生前后以及发生期间的天气环境、天气条件进行观测、分析。该文还通过HYSPLIT-4观察2次污染气团的来源,并利用CALIPSO分析2次污染期间气溶胶组分,发现由南京及周边地区形成、并在局地停留发展壮大的污染气团容易形成重大霾污染事件,污染物主要来源于当地的工厂、交通、建筑等;由北方携带大量污染物的气团入侵到南京地区,容易造成南京的霾污染天气,并且污染物组分以灰尘、污染性灰尘为主。由于天气条件的不同,2次污染发生期间的污染程度存在着巨大的差异。通过文章研究,发现稳定的气象条件容易发生霾天气,特别是当近地层风速较弱、混合层高度低、出现强逆温以及产生弱上升运动时,容易发生严重性霾污染天气。研究还发现各气象要素的共同作用导致了霾污染程度的变化。
This paper focused on two typical haze pollution episodes respectively in December 2013 and December 2014 in Nanjing during autumn and winter. The ground observation data and conventional meteorological data were used to analyze weather conditions for two haze episodes. This paper also analysed the source of these two episodes by HYSPLIT-4,analysed the aerosol components by using CAPLIPSO. The polluted air mass formed and developed in Nanjing and other surrounding areas,is easily form major haze episode. The major source of pollution is from local factories,transportation,construction and so on. The air mass which was transported from the north,carrying large amounts of air pollutants to invade Nanjing area,usually causes the haze weather. The component of this air pollution is mainly based on the dust. There is a huge difference in degree during the two air pollution because of the different weather conditions. It was found that stable weather conditions are prone to the haze weather,especially when nearly formation velocity is weak,mixing height is low,the inversion temperature is strong and upward motion is weak,haze pollution will take place frequently. The study also found that the interaction of various meteorological elements lead to the change of haze pollution.
This paper focused on two typical haze pollution episodes respectively in December 2013 and December 2014 in Nanjing during autumn and winter. The ground observation data and conventional meteorological data were used to analyze weather conditions for two haze episodes. This paper also analysed the source of these two episodes by HYSPLIT-4,analysed the aerosol components by using CAPLIPSO. The polluted air mass formed and developed in Nanjing and other surrounding areas,is easily form major haze episode. The major source of pollution is from local factories,transportation,construction and so on. The air mass which was transported from the north,carrying large amounts of air pollutants to invade Nanjing area,usually causes the haze weather. The component of this air pollution is mainly based on the dust. There is a huge difference in degree during the two air pollution because of the different weather conditions. It was found that stable weather conditions are prone to the haze weather,especially when nearly formation velocity is weak,mixing height is low,the inversion temperature is strong and upward motion is weak,haze pollution will take place frequently. The study also found that the interaction of various meteorological elements lead to the change of haze pollution.
引文
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[15]马佳,于兴娜,安俊琳,等.南京北郊冬春季大气能见度影响因子贡献研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):41-50.Ma Jia,Yu Xingna,An Junlin,et al.Study on the impact factor of contribution of atmospheric visibility in winter and spring in Beijiao,Nanjing[J].Environment Science,2016,37(1):41-50.(in Chinese)
[2]于兴娜,马佳,朱彬,等.南京北郊秋冬季相对湿度及气溶胶理化特性对大气能见度的影响[J].环境科学,2015,6(6).Yu Xingna,Ma Jia,Zhu Bin,et al.The effect of relative humidity and aerosol physical and chemical properties on atmospheric visibility in autumn and winter in Beijiao,Nanjing[J].Environmental Science,2015,6(6).(in Chinese)
[3]夏思佳,赵秋月,李冰,等.南京地区典型大气污染过程分析[J].环境科学与技术,2013(4):97-102.Xia Sijia,Zhao Qiuyue,Li Bing,et al.Analysis of typical air pollution process in Nanjing area[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013(4):97-102.(in Chinese)
[4]程婷,魏晓弈,翟伶俐,等.近50年南京雾霾的气候特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S1):54-61.Cheng Ting,Wei Xiaoyi,Zhai Lingli,et al.Analysis of the climatic characteristics and influencing factors of Nanjing haze over the past 50 years[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(S1):54-61.(in Chinese)
[5]吴兑.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):257-269.Wu Dui.The research review of nearly ten years Chinese haze weather[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2012,32(2):257-269.(in Chinese)
[6]戴竹君,刘端阳,王宏斌,等.2014年秋冬季江苏重度霾特征分析[C].第32届中国气象学会年会S9大气成分与天气、气候变化,2015.Dai Zhujun,Liu Duanyang,Wang Hongbin,et al.The Severe Haze Characteristics Analysis in Jiangsu in Autumn and Winter in 2014[C].Proc.of the 32nd China Meteorological Society Annual Meeting S9 Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change,2015.(in Chinese)
[7]王静,牛生杰,许丹,等.南京一次典型雾霾天气气溶胶光学特性[J].中国环境科学,2013,2(2):201-208.Wang Jing,Niu Shengjie,Xu Dan,et al.Aerosol optical characteristics of a typical fog and haze in Nanjing[J].China Environmental Science,2013,2(2):201-208.(in Chinese)
[8]朱佳雷,王体健,邢莉,等.江苏省一次重霾污染天气的特征和机理分析[J].中国环境科学,2012,31(12):1943-1950.Zhu Jialei,Wang Tijian,Xing Li,et al.A heavy haze pollution weather characteristics and mechanism analysis in Jiangsu Province[J].China Environmental Science,2012,31(12):1943-1950.(in Chinese)
[9]陈光辉.2013年1月开原市持续性雾霾天气成因分析[J].北京农业,2013(27).Chen Guanghui.Analysis of the causes of persistent fog and haze in Kaiyuan City in January 2013[J].Beijing Agriculture,2013(27).(in Chinese)
[10]朱彬,苏继锋,韩志伟,等.秸秆焚烧导致南京及周边地区一次严重空气污染过程的分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,5(5):585-592.Zhu Bin,Su Jifeng,Han Zhiwei,et al.Analysis of a serious air pollution process in Nanjing and its surrounding areas[J].China Environmental Science,2010,5(5):585-592.(in Chinese)
[11]Yu Xingna,Ma Jia,Raghavendra Kumar K,et al.Measurement and analysis of surface aerosol optical properties over urban Nanjing in the Chinese Yangtze River Delta[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016(542):277-291.
[12]程真.长三角城市群灰霾污染与颗粒物理化性质的关系[D].北京:清华大学,2013.Cheng Zhen.The Relationship Between Haze Pollution and Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulates in the Yangtze River Delta City Group[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2013.(in Chinese)
[13]贾梦唯,康娜,赵天良.南京秋冬季典型霾污染过程及边界层特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):105-110.Jia Mengwei,Kang Na,Zhao Tianliang.The analysis of Nanjing autumn and winter typical haze pollution process and boundary layer characteristics[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(S2):105-110.(in Chinese)
[14]苏继峰.秸秆焚烧对南京及周边地区空气质量的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011.Su Jifeng.Influence of Straw Burning on Air Quality in Nanjing and Its Surrounding Areas[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2011.(in Chinese)
[15]马佳,于兴娜,安俊琳,等.南京北郊冬春季大气能见度影响因子贡献研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):41-50.Ma Jia,Yu Xingna,An Junlin,et al.Study on the impact factor of contribution of atmospheric visibility in winter and spring in Beijiao,Nanjing[J].Environment Science,2016,37(1):41-50.(in Chinese)