生态约束下的湖滨土地利用研究——以四川省仁寿县黑龙滩镇为例
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摘要
生态文明体制改革下围绕土地"三位一体"管理理念,强化土地利用生态管理是当今我国土地资源管理的综合思路,研究湖滨生态敏感区土地利用具有重要的生态价值和现实意义。以四川省仁寿县黑龙滩镇为实证研究区,通过构建数理量化模型和经济计量模型分析了2005～2015年间研究区湖滨土地利用状况,并差别化探讨了湖滨土地利用优化模式,提出了相关政策建议。研究表明:(1)黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用多样化系数和均衡度在时序上变幅较小,在空间上低于全县平均水平,但总体上处于均衡状态。(2)黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用生态安全总体为波动上升趋势,以2012年为拐点,安全状态由较安全向安全阶段转变,总体呈较安全状态。(3)黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用生态安全主要受种植结构优化合理度、人口密度、地均牲畜量、水环境污染负荷、水土流失占比、单位耕地农药负荷的影响,其中人口密度与预期方向相反,种植结构优化合理度具有显著的正效应,其余的综合净效应为负。(4)针对黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用变化状况以及生态安全保护需求与区域发展趋势,差别化地提出退耕还湖与持续利用生态模式、复合农业与生态种植发展模式、休闲农业与教育体验发展模式三类湖滨土地利用模式。综上提出了加强湖滨水土资源保护、优化湖滨农业结构布局和规范湖滨管理的政策建议。
Around the trinity idea of land management under the reform of ecological civilization system to enhance the ecological management of land use,which is the comprehensive idea of land resources management in China now. And it has vital ecological value and practical significance for studying land use in lakeside ecological sensitive area. This paper took Heilongtan town in Renshou county,Sichuan province as study area,and built mathematical quantification model and econometric model to analyze the current situation of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town in 2005-2015. And differently discussed the optimization models of lakeside land use and proposes the policies and suggestions. Results showed:( 1) the result of lakeside land use diversification factor and equilibrium degree in Heilongtan town was that the amplitude was small in time and it was lower than the county average in space,but,in general,it was in a state of equilibrium.( 2) the result of the ecological security state of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town was that,on the whole,the evolution trend of fluctuation and take 2012 as a turning point that the security state changes from the safer stage to the safe stage and it's totally in a safer state.( 3) the influencing factors of lakeside land use ecological security state in Heilongtan town include optimization of planting structure,population density,land average livestock volume,water environmental pollution load, soil and water loss ratio, pesticide load in unit cultivated land. The population density was opposite to the expected direction, the optimization of planting structure had obvious positive effects,and the rest of the comprehensive net effect was negative.( 4) Based on the change status and ecological security protection demand of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town and its development tend,there were three development models of lakeside land use were put forward that include the ecological model of returning farmland to lake and sustainable use,the development model of compound agriculture and ecological planting,the development model of leisure agriculture and educational experience. Based on this,some policies and suggestions such as strengthen the protection of the lakeside water and soil resources,optimize the structural layout of the lakeside agriculture and regulate the management of the lakeside are proposed.
Around the trinity idea of land management under the reform of ecological civilization system to enhance the ecological management of land use,which is the comprehensive idea of land resources management in China now. And it has vital ecological value and practical significance for studying land use in lakeside ecological sensitive area. This paper took Heilongtan town in Renshou county,Sichuan province as study area,and built mathematical quantification model and econometric model to analyze the current situation of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town in 2005-2015. And differently discussed the optimization models of lakeside land use and proposes the policies and suggestions. Results showed:( 1) the result of lakeside land use diversification factor and equilibrium degree in Heilongtan town was that the amplitude was small in time and it was lower than the county average in space,but,in general,it was in a state of equilibrium.( 2) the result of the ecological security state of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town was that,on the whole,the evolution trend of fluctuation and take 2012 as a turning point that the security state changes from the safer stage to the safe stage and it's totally in a safer state.( 3) the influencing factors of lakeside land use ecological security state in Heilongtan town include optimization of planting structure,population density,land average livestock volume,water environmental pollution load, soil and water loss ratio, pesticide load in unit cultivated land. The population density was opposite to the expected direction, the optimization of planting structure had obvious positive effects,and the rest of the comprehensive net effect was negative.( 4) Based on the change status and ecological security protection demand of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town and its development tend,there were three development models of lakeside land use were put forward that include the ecological model of returning farmland to lake and sustainable use,the development model of compound agriculture and ecological planting,the development model of leisure agriculture and educational experience. Based on this,some policies and suggestions such as strengthen the protection of the lakeside water and soil resources,optimize the structural layout of the lakeside agriculture and regulate the management of the lakeside are proposed.
引文
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[11]丁恩俊.三峡库区农业面源污染控制的土地利用优化途径研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.DING J N. A Land-use optimization approach for agricultural nonpoint sources pollution control in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area[D]. Chongqing:Southwest University,2010.
[12]王万茂.中国土地管理制度:现状、问题及改革[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(4):76-82.WANG W M. Chinese land management system:status quo,problems and reforms[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2013(4):76-82.
[13]林毅夫.新结构经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.LIN Y F. New structural economics[M]. Beijing:Peking University press,2012.
[14]孙伟,严长清,陈江龙,等.基于自然生态约束的滨湖城市土地利用分区——以无锡市区为例[J].资源科学,2008,30(6):925-931.SUN W,YAN C Q,CHEN J L,et al. Land use zoning in urban lakeshore areas based on natural and ecological restrictions:A case study of Wuxi City[J]. Resources Science,2008,30(6):925-931.
[15]严岩,朱捷缘,吴钢,等.生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2489-2496.YAN Y,ZHU J Y,WU G,et al. Review and prospective applications of demand, supply, and consumption of ecosystem services[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2489-2496.
[16]马琳,刘浩,彭建,等.生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展[J].地理学报,2017,72(7):1277-1289.MA L,LIU H,PENG J,et al. A review of ecosystem services supply and demand[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(7):1277-1289.
[17]杨伟,谢德体,潘卓,等.三峡库区土地生态敏感度评价关键技术研究——以重庆市巫山县为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(3):94-101.YANG W,XIE D T,PAN Z,et al. Research of the key technology for land ecological sensitivity evaluation of the Three Gorges Reservoir area:A case study of Wushan Country of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2014,36(3):94-101.
[18]张军,徐肇忠.利用ILWIS进行城市生态敏感度分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2003(5):101-105.ZHANG J,XU Z Z. Analysis of urban ecologic sensitivity by ILWIS software package[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2003(5):101-105.
[19]卢现详,朱巧玲.新制度经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社:2007.LU X X,ZHU Q L. The new institutional economics[M]. Beijing:Peking University press,2007.
[20]王文刚,庞笑笑,宋玉祥.土地用途管制的外部性、内部性问题及制度改进探讨[J].软科学,2012,26(11):33-37.WANG W G,PANG X X,SONG Y X. Study on the externalities and internalities of land-use control and the system improvements[J]. Soft Science,2012,26(11):33-37.
[21]王鹏,黄贤金,张兆干,等.江西上饶县农业结构调整与土地利用变化分析[J].资源科学,2004(2):115-122.WANG P,HUANG X J,ZHANG Z G,et al. Structure adjustment of agricultural sector and land use change in Shangrao County of Jiangxi Province[J]. Resources Science,2004(2):115-122.
[22]丁忠义,郝晋珉,李新波,等.农业产业结构调整中土地利用结构及其与粮食产量关系分析——以河北省曲周为例[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):95-99.DING Z Y,HAO J M,LI X B,et al. Land use patterns in agricultural structural adjustment and its influence on crop yield:A case study in Quzhou County of Hebei Province[J]. Resources Science,2005,27(4):95-99.
[23]陈磊,田双清,张宽,等.基于耗散结构理论的四川耕地生态安全测度分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):307-313.CHEN L,TIAN S Q,ZHANG K,et al. Analysis on the ecological security measure of cultivated land in Sichuan Province based on the dissipative structure theory[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):307-313.
[24]李春燕,南灵.陕西省土地生态安全动态评价及障碍因子诊断[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(4):72-81.LI C Y,NAN L. Dynamic evaluation and diagnosis of obstacle factors on land eco-security in Shaanxi Province[J]. China Land Sciences,2015,29(4):72-81.
[25]陈磊,田双清,喻世凤,等.新型城镇化背景下德阳市耕地动态变化分析[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(6):114-118.CHEN L,TIAN S Q, YU S F, et al. Analysis of dynamic changes in cultivated land of Deyang City under background of new urbanization[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2016, 28(6):114-118.
[26]姜海,曲福田.县域建设用地集约水平影响因素计量分析——以江苏省为例[J].中国土地科学,2008(8):4-10.JIANG H,QU F T. Econometric analysis on influence factors of intensity level of land for construction at county level:A case of Jiangsu Province[J]. China Land Sciences,2008(8):4-10.
[27]张昌善,程文仕,刘学录.基于改进灰色关联模型的兰州市土地集约度与利用结构关系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(13):195-197.ZHANG C S,CHENG W S,LIU X L. Study on the relationship between urban land intensive degrees and land use structure based on the improved grey relational model in Lanzhou City[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(13):195-197.
[2]戈锋.基于RS和GIS技术的太湖湖滨带生态环境脆弱性评价[D].内蒙古:内蒙古师范大学,2010.GE F. Assessing on the ecological environment vulnerability with RS and GIS in the lakeside of Taihu Lake[D]. Neimenggu:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2010.
[3]姜海,雷昊,白璐,等.不同类型地区畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用管理模式选择——以江苏省太湖地区为例[J].资源科学,2015,37(12):2430-2440.JIANG H,LEI H,BAI L,et al. Regional livestock waste resource utilization management modes in the Taihu Lake Basin,Jiangsu[J]. Resources Science, 2015, 37(12):2430-2440.
[4]王婷婷,王鹤松.滇池流域湖滨生态带建设管理机制及政策研究[J].湿地科学与管理,2015(2):41-44.WANG T T,WANG H S. Policy studies for the development of lakeside ecological zone of Dianchi Lake[J]. Wetland Science&Management,2015(2):41-44.
[5] JESSICA N,HIGHTOWER A,CHRISTINE B,et al. Quantifying ancient maya land use legacy effects on contemporary rain forest canopy structure[J]. Remote Sensing, 2014(6):10716-10732.
[6] ELIAS D K,JOYCE A E. Customary land allocation,urbanization and land use planning in Ghana:Implications for food systems in the Wa Municipality[J]. Land Use Policy,2015(48):454-466.
[7]金杰,张洪.生态约束下的城市用地扩张与土地集约利用模式——以滇池流域为例[J].城市发展研究,2014,21(2):42-48.JIN J,ZHANG H. Ecological constraints of urban sprawl and land intensive use model:A case study of Dianchi River[J].Urban Development Studies,2014,21(2):42-48.
[8] SIDIROPOULOS P,MYLOPOULOS N,LOUKAS A. Stochastic simulation and management of an over-exploited aquifer using an integrated modeling system[J]. Water Resource Management,2015(29):929-943.
[9] MATTHEW N W,STEPHEN W G,CHASE H P,et al. The potential effects of river regulation and watershed land use on sediment characteristics and lake primary producers in a large reservoir[J]. Hydrobiologia,2015(749):15-30.
[10]尹延震,储昭升,赵明,等.洱海湖滨带水质的时空变化规律[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(7):1192-1196.YIN Z T, CHU Z S, ZHAO M,et al. Spatial and temporal changes in water quality in aquatic-terrestrial ecotone of Lake Erhai[J]. China Environmental Science, 2011, 31(7):1192-1196.
[11]丁恩俊.三峡库区农业面源污染控制的土地利用优化途径研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.DING J N. A Land-use optimization approach for agricultural nonpoint sources pollution control in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area[D]. Chongqing:Southwest University,2010.
[12]王万茂.中国土地管理制度:现状、问题及改革[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(4):76-82.WANG W M. Chinese land management system:status quo,problems and reforms[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),2013(4):76-82.
[13]林毅夫.新结构经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2012.LIN Y F. New structural economics[M]. Beijing:Peking University press,2012.
[14]孙伟,严长清,陈江龙,等.基于自然生态约束的滨湖城市土地利用分区——以无锡市区为例[J].资源科学,2008,30(6):925-931.SUN W,YAN C Q,CHEN J L,et al. Land use zoning in urban lakeshore areas based on natural and ecological restrictions:A case study of Wuxi City[J]. Resources Science,2008,30(6):925-931.
[15]严岩,朱捷缘,吴钢,等.生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2489-2496.YAN Y,ZHU J Y,WU G,et al. Review and prospective applications of demand, supply, and consumption of ecosystem services[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2489-2496.
[16]马琳,刘浩,彭建,等.生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展[J].地理学报,2017,72(7):1277-1289.MA L,LIU H,PENG J,et al. A review of ecosystem services supply and demand[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(7):1277-1289.
[17]杨伟,谢德体,潘卓,等.三峡库区土地生态敏感度评价关键技术研究——以重庆市巫山县为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(3):94-101.YANG W,XIE D T,PAN Z,et al. Research of the key technology for land ecological sensitivity evaluation of the Three Gorges Reservoir area:A case study of Wushan Country of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2014,36(3):94-101.
[18]张军,徐肇忠.利用ILWIS进行城市生态敏感度分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2003(5):101-105.ZHANG J,XU Z Z. Analysis of urban ecologic sensitivity by ILWIS software package[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2003(5):101-105.
[19]卢现详,朱巧玲.新制度经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社:2007.LU X X,ZHU Q L. The new institutional economics[M]. Beijing:Peking University press,2007.
[20]王文刚,庞笑笑,宋玉祥.土地用途管制的外部性、内部性问题及制度改进探讨[J].软科学,2012,26(11):33-37.WANG W G,PANG X X,SONG Y X. Study on the externalities and internalities of land-use control and the system improvements[J]. Soft Science,2012,26(11):33-37.
[21]王鹏,黄贤金,张兆干,等.江西上饶县农业结构调整与土地利用变化分析[J].资源科学,2004(2):115-122.WANG P,HUANG X J,ZHANG Z G,et al. Structure adjustment of agricultural sector and land use change in Shangrao County of Jiangxi Province[J]. Resources Science,2004(2):115-122.
[22]丁忠义,郝晋珉,李新波,等.农业产业结构调整中土地利用结构及其与粮食产量关系分析——以河北省曲周为例[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):95-99.DING Z Y,HAO J M,LI X B,et al. Land use patterns in agricultural structural adjustment and its influence on crop yield:A case study in Quzhou County of Hebei Province[J]. Resources Science,2005,27(4):95-99.
[23]陈磊,田双清,张宽,等.基于耗散结构理论的四川耕地生态安全测度分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):307-313.CHEN L,TIAN S Q,ZHANG K,et al. Analysis on the ecological security measure of cultivated land in Sichuan Province based on the dissipative structure theory[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):307-313.
[24]李春燕,南灵.陕西省土地生态安全动态评价及障碍因子诊断[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(4):72-81.LI C Y,NAN L. Dynamic evaluation and diagnosis of obstacle factors on land eco-security in Shaanxi Province[J]. China Land Sciences,2015,29(4):72-81.
[25]陈磊,田双清,喻世凤,等.新型城镇化背景下德阳市耕地动态变化分析[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(6):114-118.CHEN L,TIAN S Q, YU S F, et al. Analysis of dynamic changes in cultivated land of Deyang City under background of new urbanization[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2016, 28(6):114-118.
[26]姜海,曲福田.县域建设用地集约水平影响因素计量分析——以江苏省为例[J].中国土地科学,2008(8):4-10.JIANG H,QU F T. Econometric analysis on influence factors of intensity level of land for construction at county level:A case of Jiangsu Province[J]. China Land Sciences,2008(8):4-10.
[27]张昌善,程文仕,刘学录.基于改进灰色关联模型的兰州市土地集约度与利用结构关系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(13):195-197.ZHANG C S,CHENG W S,LIU X L. Study on the relationship between urban land intensive degrees and land use structure based on the improved grey relational model in Lanzhou City[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(13):195-197.