建设生态宜居美丽乡村的五大模式及对策建议——来自5省20村调研的启示
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摘要
生态宜居是乡村生态与乡村宜居的有机统一,是乡村振兴战略的关键内容,也是乡村生态保护的现实需要和城乡融合发展的内在要求。在5省20村的实地调研中了解到,各地积极开展乡村人居环境整治工作,在生态保护、常态保洁、垃圾处理、厕所革命、危房改造等方面取得了一定成效,在建设生态宜居乡村方面积累了丰富经验,并创新发展非农产业带动型、农产品加工业带动型、农业旅游业融合带动型、一二三产业融合带动型和种植结构优化带动型生态宜居美丽乡村建设模式。然而也暴露出乡村基础设施建设资金供给不足,缺少后期管护机制;农民参与环境保护意识不强,购买生态修复服务缺乏监管;难以调动社会资本参与生态宜居乡村建设等问题。应创新生态宜居乡村基础设施建设投入机制和长效运维管理机制;选择适宜地区发展的生态宜居乡村建设模式;吸引村民返乡创业,培养有环保意识、专业素养的职业农民;将"绿水青山"转化为"金山银山",促进生态宜居美丽乡村建设。
Ecological livability is the organic unity of rural ecology and rural livability. It is the key content of the rural revitalization strategy,and the actual needs of rural ecological protection and the inherent requirements of urban-rural integration development. In the field research of 5 provinces and 20 villages,we learned that all localities have actively carried out rural human settlements rectification work,and achieved certain results in ecological protection,normal cleaning,garbage disposal,toilet revolution,and renovation of dangerous buildings. They have accumulated rich experience in building ecologically livable rural areas,and innovatively developed non-agricultural industry-driven,agricultural product processing industry-driven,agricultural tourism integration-driven,one-two-three industry integration driving and planting structure optimization to drive ecologically livable beautiful rural construction mode. However,it also exposed the lack of funds for rural infrastructure construction,lack of post-management and protection mechanism,farmers' low awareness of environmental protection,lack of supervision for purchasing ecological restoration services,and difficulty in mobilizing social capital to participate in ecologically livable rural construction. It is necessary to innovate the ecologically livable rural infrastructure construction investment mechanism and long-term operation and maintenance management mechanism,choose an ecologically livable rural construction model suitable for regional development,attract villagers to return home to start a business,cultivate professional farmers with environmental awareness and professionalism,and transform the green hills and the green water into treasure mountain.
Ecological livability is the organic unity of rural ecology and rural livability. It is the key content of the rural revitalization strategy,and the actual needs of rural ecological protection and the inherent requirements of urban-rural integration development. In the field research of 5 provinces and 20 villages,we learned that all localities have actively carried out rural human settlements rectification work,and achieved certain results in ecological protection,normal cleaning,garbage disposal,toilet revolution,and renovation of dangerous buildings. They have accumulated rich experience in building ecologically livable rural areas,and innovatively developed non-agricultural industry-driven,agricultural product processing industry-driven,agricultural tourism integration-driven,one-two-three industry integration driving and planting structure optimization to drive ecologically livable beautiful rural construction mode. However,it also exposed the lack of funds for rural infrastructure construction,lack of post-management and protection mechanism,farmers' low awareness of environmental protection,lack of supervision for purchasing ecological restoration services,and difficulty in mobilizing social capital to participate in ecologically livable rural construction. It is necessary to innovate the ecologically livable rural infrastructure construction investment mechanism and long-term operation and maintenance management mechanism,choose an ecologically livable rural construction model suitable for regional development,attract villagers to return home to start a business,cultivate professional farmers with environmental awareness and professionalism,and transform the green hills and the green water into treasure mountain.
引文
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[6][7]黄祖辉.中国农业产业组织的发展与若干问题[J].中国合作经济,2018(8):14-15.
[8]魏后凯.实施化肥、农药使用减量行动计划[J].中国合作经济,2018(8):29.
[9]曾福生,蔡保忠.农村基础设施是实现乡村振兴战略的基础[J]农业经济问题,2018(7):88-95.
[10]孔祥智.改革开放以来中国农民合作社的创新发展[J].中国合作经济,2018(8):5-7.
[11]建设好生态宜居的美丽乡村[N].人民日报,2018-04-24.
[12]纪志耿.当前美丽宜居乡村建设应坚持的“六个取向”[J].农村经济,2017(5):79-83.
[13]王新越,候娟娟.山东省乡村休闲旅游地的空间分布特征及影响因素[J].地理科学,2016(10):1706-1714.
[14]吕德文.乡村治理空间再造及其有效性——基于W镇乡村治理实践的分析[J].中国农村观察,2018(9):96-110.
[15]姬超.城乡结构演变视阈下的乡村治理体系优化研究[J].农业经济问题,2018(8):82-90.