中国高校科技成果转化效率及路径优化
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摘要
基于2008—2016年中国高校微观面板数据,通过网络DEA模型测度分析高校科技成果转化效率;基于创新生态系统视角构建动态面板GMM差分模型,实证检验高校科技成果转化效率影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)中国高校科技成果转化效率处于较低水平,受政策影响较大,其中,中、西部地区的效率显著低于东部地区,且无追赶东部地区的趋势。(2)政府资金对高校科技成果转化效率提高有显著促进作用,且2012年以前更为显著;企业资金的影响在2008—2012年不显著,在2013—2016年有显著正向影响;其他资金有不显著负向影响。(3)高级职称人员显著促进高校科技成果转化效率提高,科技成果奖励未起促进效率提高作用,但2012年以来中国科技成果奖励评价机制有一定改善。
Based on the micro panel data of Chinese universities from 2008 to 2016, this paper measures and analyzes the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities through the network DEA model;based on the innovative ecosystem perspective, the dynamic panel GMM differential model is constructed to empirically test the factors affecting the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation in colleges and universities. The results show that:(1)The efficiency of transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Chinese universities is at a low level, which is greatly influenced by the policies, among which, the efficiency of the central and western regions is significantly lower than that of the eastern regions, and there is no tendency to catch up with the eastern regions.(2)The effect of government funds on the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is significant, and before 2012; the influence of enterprise funds is not significant in 2008-2012, but it has a significant positive impact in 2013-2016; other funds have no significant negative impact.(3)The senior professional titles significantly promote the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation in colleges and universities, incentives for scientific and technological achievements do not contribute to efficiency, but since 2012, but the evaluation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements in China has been improved to a certain extent.
Based on the micro panel data of Chinese universities from 2008 to 2016, this paper measures and analyzes the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities through the network DEA model;based on the innovative ecosystem perspective, the dynamic panel GMM differential model is constructed to empirically test the factors affecting the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation in colleges and universities. The results show that:(1)The efficiency of transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Chinese universities is at a low level, which is greatly influenced by the policies, among which, the efficiency of the central and western regions is significantly lower than that of the eastern regions, and there is no tendency to catch up with the eastern regions.(2)The effect of government funds on the conversion efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities is significant, and before 2012; the influence of enterprise funds is not significant in 2008-2012, but it has a significant positive impact in 2013-2016; other funds have no significant negative impact.(3)The senior professional titles significantly promote the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation in colleges and universities, incentives for scientific and technological achievements do not contribute to efficiency, but since 2012, but the evaluation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements in China has been improved to a certain extent.
引文
[1]谷德斌,尹航,杨贵彬.高校科技成果转化驱动模式研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(13):24-28.
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[5]赵哲.中国高校科技成果转化的现实困境与突破路径[J].高校教育管理,2016,10(5):52-56.
[6]申轶男,张超,朱国峰,等.高校科技成果转化存在的问题、成因及解决办法[J].中国高校科技,2016(3):8-11.
[7]邱峰.论自主创新战略下的高校科技成果转化模式[J].中国高校科技,2016(5):79-81.
[8]邵青青.高校科技成果转化“热”下的“冷”思考[J].中国高校科技,2017(6):17-19.
[9]何彬,范硕.中国大学科技成果转化效率演变与影响因素[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(10):85-94.
[10]罗茜,高蓉蓉,曹丽娜.高校科技成果转化效率测度分析与影响因素扎根研究:以江苏省为例[J].科技进步与对策,2018,35(5):1-9.
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[14]SIEGEL D,WRIGHT M,CHAPPLE W.Lockett assessing the relative performance of university technology transfer in the US and UK:a stochastic distance function approach[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2008,17(7/8):717-729.
[15]CARDOZO R,ARDICHVILI A,STRAUSS A.Effectiveness of university technology transfer:an organizational population ecology view of a maturing supplier industry[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2011,36(2):173-202.
[16]MACHO S,PéREZ D.Incentives in university technology transfers original research article[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2010,28(4):362-367.
[17]CURI C,DARAIO C,LLERENA P.University technology transfer:how(in)efficient are French universities?[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,2012,36(3):629-654.
[18]KIM Y.The ivory tower approach to entrepreneurial linkage:productivity changes in university technology transfer[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2013,38(2):180-197.
[19]叶锐,杨建飞,常云昆.中国省际高技术产业效率测度与分解:基于共享投入关联DEA模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,29(07):3-17,91.
[20]段云龙,余义勇,于东平,等.基于两阶段关联DEA法的产业技术创新战略联盟运行效率研究[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(11):49-58.
[21]ADNER R.Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem[J].Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98-107.
[22]ADNER R,KAPOOR R.Value creation in innovation ecosystems:how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(3):306-333.
[23]岳书敬,刘朝明.人力资本与区域全要素生产率分析[J].经济研究,2006(4):90-96,127.
[24]孟宪飞,郑永平,吴荫芳.从国家科技进步一等奖获奖情况看中国科技创新之路[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(2):1-4.
[25]彭纪生,仲为国,孙文祥.政策测量、政策协同演变与经济绩效:基于创新政策的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(9):25-36.
[2]康晓梅.高校科技成果转化的制约因素与对策[J].中国高校科技,2014(8):82-83.
[3]胡罡,章向宏,刘薇薇,等.地方研究院:高校科技成果转化模式新探索[J].研究与发展管理,2014,26(3):122-128.
[4]马晓君,潘昌伟.高校科技成果转化的困境与推进策略[J].现代教育管理,2015(1):78-82.
[5]赵哲.中国高校科技成果转化的现实困境与突破路径[J].高校教育管理,2016,10(5):52-56.
[6]申轶男,张超,朱国峰,等.高校科技成果转化存在的问题、成因及解决办法[J].中国高校科技,2016(3):8-11.
[7]邱峰.论自主创新战略下的高校科技成果转化模式[J].中国高校科技,2016(5):79-81.
[8]邵青青.高校科技成果转化“热”下的“冷”思考[J].中国高校科技,2017(6):17-19.
[9]何彬,范硕.中国大学科技成果转化效率演变与影响因素[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(10):85-94.
[10]罗茜,高蓉蓉,曹丽娜.高校科技成果转化效率测度分析与影响因素扎根研究:以江苏省为例[J].科技进步与对策,2018,35(5):1-9.
[11]LINK A,SIEGEL D.Generating science-based growth:an econometric analysis of the impact of organizational incentives on university-industry technology transfer[J].The European Journal of Finance,2005,11(3):169-181.
[12]CHAPPLE W,LOCKETT A,SIEGEL D.Assessing the relative performance of U.K.university technology transfer offices:parametric and non-parametric evidence[J].Research Policy,2005,34(3):369-384.
[13]ANDERSON R,DAIM U,LAVOIE F.Measuring the efficiency of university technology transfer[J].Technovation,2007,27(5):306-318.
[14]SIEGEL D,WRIGHT M,CHAPPLE W.Lockett assessing the relative performance of university technology transfer in the US and UK:a stochastic distance function approach[J].Economics of Innovation and New Technology,2008,17(7/8):717-729.
[15]CARDOZO R,ARDICHVILI A,STRAUSS A.Effectiveness of university technology transfer:an organizational population ecology view of a maturing supplier industry[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2011,36(2):173-202.
[16]MACHO S,PéREZ D.Incentives in university technology transfers original research article[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2010,28(4):362-367.
[17]CURI C,DARAIO C,LLERENA P.University technology transfer:how(in)efficient are French universities?[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,2012,36(3):629-654.
[18]KIM Y.The ivory tower approach to entrepreneurial linkage:productivity changes in university technology transfer[J].The Journal of Technology Transfer,2013,38(2):180-197.
[19]叶锐,杨建飞,常云昆.中国省际高技术产业效率测度与分解:基于共享投入关联DEA模型[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,29(07):3-17,91.
[20]段云龙,余义勇,于东平,等.基于两阶段关联DEA法的产业技术创新战略联盟运行效率研究[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(11):49-58.
[21]ADNER R.Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem[J].Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98-107.
[22]ADNER R,KAPOOR R.Value creation in innovation ecosystems:how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(3):306-333.
[23]岳书敬,刘朝明.人力资本与区域全要素生产率分析[J].经济研究,2006(4):90-96,127.
[24]孟宪飞,郑永平,吴荫芳.从国家科技进步一等奖获奖情况看中国科技创新之路[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(2):1-4.
[25]彭纪生,仲为国,孙文祥.政策测量、政策协同演变与经济绩效:基于创新政策的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(9):25-36.
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