科技成果转化价值活动的商业模式探析
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摘要
如何提升科技成果转化效率,让科研活动更好地服务于社会生产力水平提升是科技成果转化研究领域主要的研究课题。商业模式理论给出基于利益相关者的商业价值活动的系统性分析框架,可以用来分析科技成果转化多元参与主体间的复杂价值活动。本文基于商业模式的视角,对科技成果转化价值活动多元参与主体角色、主体间价值传递结构以及价值创造过程展开研究。研究发现,科技成果转化效率不足的根源在于目前科技成果研发和科技成果商业性转化两阶段价值创造过程受不同价值导向影响,政府通过政策引导虽然可以有效推动科技成果作为生产要素进入市场,但难以从根本上解决两种价值导向之间的矛盾,必须实现科技成果转化全链条的价值创造闭环,使其自我循环,从而进一步提升科技成果转化效率。本文研究结果为打通科技成果实现产业化过程中的机制障碍,促进科技成果转化效率提升提供了理论基础与实践借鉴。
How to improve the efficiency of technology transformation and let it serve the promotion of social productivity is a major question in technology transformation studies. The business model theory provides a systematic analysis tool which can be used in analyzing the complex value activities within all participants in technology transformation. This paper analyzes the role of participants,the value transfer structure and process of value creation in technology transformation based on business model theory. The paper shows that the main obstacle that hinders the efficiency of technology transformation lies in the value orientation difference between research department and the subjects of technology commercialization. To solve this problem,a market-oriented closed-loop of technology transformation is needed.
How to improve the efficiency of technology transformation and let it serve the promotion of social productivity is a major question in technology transformation studies. The business model theory provides a systematic analysis tool which can be used in analyzing the complex value activities within all participants in technology transformation. This paper analyzes the role of participants,the value transfer structure and process of value creation in technology transformation based on business model theory. The paper shows that the main obstacle that hinders the efficiency of technology transformation lies in the value orientation difference between research department and the subjects of technology commercialization. To solve this problem,a market-oriented closed-loop of technology transformation is needed.
引文
[1] 聂常虹,武香婷.股权激励促进科技成果转化——基于中国科学院研究所案例分析[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):264-272
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[27] Magretta J.Why Business Models Matter[J].Harvard Business Review,2002,80(5):86-92
[28] Chesbrough H.Business Model Innovation:Opportunities and Barriers[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):354-363
[29] Johnson M.W.,Suskewicz J.How to Jump-Start the Clean Economy[J].Harvard Business Review,2009,87(11):52-60
[30] 汪寿阳,敖敬宁,乔晗,等.基于知识管理的商业模式冰山理论[J].管理评论,2015,27(6):3-10
[31] Amit R.,Zott C.Value Creation in E-Business[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(6-7):493-520
[32] Afuah A.,Tucci C.L.Internet Business Models and Strategies:Text and Cases[M].New York:Irwin/McGraw-Hill,2000
[33] Hamel G.Leading the Revolution:An Interview with Gary Hamel[J].Strategy & Leadership,2001,29(1):4-10
[34] Nalebuff B.J.,Brandenburger A.,Maulana A.Co-Opetition[M].London:Harper Collins Business,1996
[35] Teece D.J.Business Models,Business Strategy and Innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):172-194
[36] Stinchcombe A.L.Social Structure and Organizations[J].Advances in Strategic Management,1965,17:229-259
[37] Berger S.,Kurz C.,Sturgeon T.,et al.Globalization,Production Networks,and National Models of Capitalism-On the Possibilities of New Productive Systems and Institutional Diversity in an Enlarging Europe[J].SOFI-Mitteilungen,2001,29:59-72
[38] 戚湧,朱婷婷,郭逸.科技成果市场转化模式与效率评价研究[J].中国软科学,2015,(6):184-192
[2] 兰筱琳,洪茂椿,黄茂兴.面向战略性新兴产业的科技成果转化机制探索[J].科学学研究,2018,36(8):1375-1383
[3] 董洁,黄付杰.中国科技成果转化效率及其影响因素研究——基于随机前沿函数的实证分析[J].软科学,2012,26(10):15-20
[4] 张树满,原长弘,李妍,等.协同科技创业与科技成果的有效转化——基于西安光机所的案例研究[J].科学学研究,2018,36(4):644-653
[5] 蔡跃洲.科技成果转化的内涵边界与统计测度[J].科学学研究,2015,33(1):37-44
[6] 何继江,王路昊,曾国屏.以技术能力的商业开发促进科技成果转化——以深圳清华大学研究院为案例[J].科学学研究,2013,31(9):1355-1363
[7] Chesbrough H.,Rosenbloom R.S.The Role of The Business Model in Capturing Value from Innovation:Evidence from Xerox Corporation's Technology Spin-off Companies[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(3):529-555
[8] 魏炜,朱武祥,林桂平.基于利益相关者交易结构的商业模式理论[J].管理世界,2012,(12):125-131
[9] 乔晗,张靖,郭盛,等.银行外部环境、商业模式与绩效间关系研究——基于国内16家上市商业银行的数据[J].管理评论,2017,29(6):252-263
[10] Wirtz B.W.,Pistoia A.,Ullrich S.,et al.Business Models:Origin,Development and Future Research Perspectives[J].Long Range Planning,2016,49(1):36-54
[11] Zott C.,Amit R.,Massa L.The Business Model:Recent Developments and Future Research[J].Journal of Management,2011,37(4):1019-1042
[12] 侯兰茜.广东省国家“211工程”高校应用科技成果转化的模式选择[D].华南理工大学硕士学位论文,2014
[13] 张京红.山东高校科技创新成果转化研究[D].山东师范大学硕士论文,2014
[14] Freeman C.Economics of Industrial Innovation[M].London:Routledge,2013
[15] 约瑟夫,阿洛伊斯,熊彼得,等.经济发展理论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009
[16] Porter M.E.Competitive Advantage:Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance[M].New York:Free Press,1985
[17] Leydesdorff L.,Meyer M.The Scientometrics of a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations[J].Scientometrics,2007,70(2):207-222
[18] Roberts E.B.,Malonet D.E.Policies and Structures for Spinning off New Companies from Research and Development Organizations[J].R & D Management,1996,26(1):17-48
[19] Santoro M.D.,Chakrabarti A.K.Firm Size and Technology Centrality in Industry-University Interactions[J].Research Policy,2002,31(7):1163-1180
[20] 李鸿磊.基于价值创造视角的商业模式分类研究——以三个典型企业的分类应用为例[J].管理评论,2018,30(4):257-272
[21] Zott C.,Amit R.The Fit between Product Market Strategy and Business Model:Implications for Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(1):1-26
[22] Zott C.,Amit R.Business Model Design:An Activity System Perspective[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):216-226
[23] Osterwalder A.,Pigneur Y.Business Model Generation:A Handbook for Visionaries,Game Changers,and Challengers[M].New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons,2010
[24] Timmers P.Business Models for Electronic Markets[J].Electronic Markets,1998,8(2):3-8
[25] M?kinen S.,& Sepp?nen M.Assessing Business Model Concepts with Taxonomical Research Criteria:A Pre-Liminary Study[J].Management Research News,2007,30(10):735-746
[26] Mansfield G.M.,Fourie L.C.H.Strategy and Business Models—Strange Bedfellows?A Case for Conver-Gence and its Evolution into Strategic Architecture[J].South African Journal of Business Management,2004,35(1):35-44
[27] Magretta J.Why Business Models Matter[J].Harvard Business Review,2002,80(5):86-92
[28] Chesbrough H.Business Model Innovation:Opportunities and Barriers[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):354-363
[29] Johnson M.W.,Suskewicz J.How to Jump-Start the Clean Economy[J].Harvard Business Review,2009,87(11):52-60
[30] 汪寿阳,敖敬宁,乔晗,等.基于知识管理的商业模式冰山理论[J].管理评论,2015,27(6):3-10
[31] Amit R.,Zott C.Value Creation in E-Business[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(6-7):493-520
[32] Afuah A.,Tucci C.L.Internet Business Models and Strategies:Text and Cases[M].New York:Irwin/McGraw-Hill,2000
[33] Hamel G.Leading the Revolution:An Interview with Gary Hamel[J].Strategy & Leadership,2001,29(1):4-10
[34] Nalebuff B.J.,Brandenburger A.,Maulana A.Co-Opetition[M].London:Harper Collins Business,1996
[35] Teece D.J.Business Models,Business Strategy and Innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):172-194
[36] Stinchcombe A.L.Social Structure and Organizations[J].Advances in Strategic Management,1965,17:229-259
[37] Berger S.,Kurz C.,Sturgeon T.,et al.Globalization,Production Networks,and National Models of Capitalism-On the Possibilities of New Productive Systems and Institutional Diversity in an Enlarging Europe[J].SOFI-Mitteilungen,2001,29:59-72
[38] 戚湧,朱婷婷,郭逸.科技成果市场转化模式与效率评价研究[J].中国软科学,2015,(6):184-192
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