超越技术决定论与常识主义技术观
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摘要
如何以一种负责任的态度对现代技术进行审视和规约已成当务之急。技术本体论曾将技术理解为一种人通过创造而趋近本体的方式,技术活动因而具有了绝对命令的超验基础。这种基调导致了技术决定论的立场:全面自主化的技术反过来宰制着人类。技术社会论者试图回到现实情境以重新界定技术的适用范围,但却仍然保留了对技术主体的历史主义理解。因此,应当呼唤对现代技术的常识主义定位,重返一种以常识所构筑的前技术视域,才能重构自然与技术的人文和谐。
How to examine and regulate modern technology in a responsible manner has become a prior topic.Technological ontology used to regard modern technology as a way of approaching entity through creative activities.This atmosphere leads to the standpoint of technological determinism:the fully autonomous technology in turn dominates human beings.Technological sociologism attempts to return to the ordinary society,but still remains the doctrine of historical subjectivity.Therefore,we should call for the ordinariness view of modern technology and return to the pretechnological horizon of the common-sense world,in order to reconstruct the humanistic harmony between nature and technology.
How to examine and regulate modern technology in a responsible manner has become a prior topic.Technological ontology used to regard modern technology as a way of approaching entity through creative activities.This atmosphere leads to the standpoint of technological determinism:the fully autonomous technology in turn dominates human beings.Technological sociologism attempts to return to the ordinary society,but still remains the doctrine of historical subjectivity.Therefore,we should call for the ordinariness view of modern technology and return to the pretechnological horizon of the common-sense world,in order to reconstruct the humanistic harmony between nature and technology.
引文
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[2]Jacques Ellul.The Technological Society[M].Trans.John Wilkinson.New York:Knopf,1967:84.
[3]Langdon Winner.Do Artifacts Have Politics?[J].Journal of the American Academy of Arts&Sciences,1980(1):1.
[4]Paul T,Durbin.A Guide to The Culture of Science,Technology,and Medicine[M].New York:The Free Press,1980:301.
[5]Carl Mitcham,Robert Mackey,edited.Philosophy and Technology,Reading in the Philosophical Problems of Technology[M].New York:The Free Press,1972.
[6][德]伊曼努尔·康德.实践理性批判[M].邓晓芒,杨涛祖,译.北京:人民出版社,2003:220.
[7]Jose Ortega Y Gasset.Man and People[M].Trans.Willard Trask.New York:W.W.Norton,1957:21.
[8]Jacques Ellul.The New Demons[M].Trans.Edward Hopkin.New York:Seabury,1975:89.
[9][美]卡尔·米切姆.通过技术思考---工程与哲学之间的道路[M].陈凡,朱春艳,译.沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,2008:406.
[10][德]马丁·海德格尔.演讲与论文集[M].孙周兴,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2005:18.
[11][法]亨利·柏格森.道德与宗教的两个来源[M].王作虹,成穷,译.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2000:234.
[12]Hannah Arendt.The Human Condition[M].Chicago&London:The University of Chicago Press 1958:143.
[13]Leo Struss.Thoughts on Machiavelli[M].New York:The Free Press,1958:13.
[14][法]斯蒂格勒.技术与时间:爱比米修斯的过失[M].裴程,译.南京:译林出版社,2000:4.
[15][美]赫伯特·马尔库塞.单向度的人:发达工业社会意识形态研究[M].刘继,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2008:131.
[16]Lewis Mumford.Technics and the Nature of Man[J].Technology and Culture,1966(3):317.
[17][德]马丁·海德格尔.康德与形而上学疑难[M].王庆节,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2011:258.
[18][美]列奥·施特劳斯.苏格拉底问题与现代性[M].刘振,彭磊,译.北京:华夏出版社,2016:321.