利用快速检测法研究石家庄道路交通扬尘排放特征
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摘要
利用快速检测法(TRAKER)实时监测石家庄夏季铺装道路机动车道PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的背景浓度和在机动车行驶过程中车轮扬起的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度,分析车速对PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)排放特征的影响,并得到不同类型道路积尘负荷、排放因子和排放强度。结果表明:车轮扬起的PM_(2.5)浓度随车速变化不大,而PM_(10)起伏较大;车速相同时,快速路、主干道、次干道、支路的PM_(2.5)质量浓度分别为0.046、0.110、0.160、0.097mg/m~3,表现为次干道>主干道>支路>快速路,与积尘负荷的强弱顺序一致;不同类型道路排放因子表现为次干道>快速路>支路>主干道,排放强度表现为快速路>次干道>主干道>支路。研究结果可为石家庄道路交通扬尘排放清单的构建以及扬尘的治理提供数据支撑和参考。
Samples were collected by using TRAKER system for obtaining paved vehicle lane dust background concentration and the concentration of dust resuspended by a driving automotive vehicle at Shijiazhuang in summer.Then analysis on the impact of vehicle speed on emission characteristics of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) lifted by the wheel and the silt loading,emission factor and emission strength of paved road were obtained.Results showed that PM_(2.5) lifted by the wheel did not change much with the speed of the vehicle,while the PM_(10) fluctuated greatly.At the same vehicle speed,the PM_(2.5) concentration from expressway,main trunk road,secondary trunk road and branch road are 0.046,0.110,0.160 and 0.097 mg/m~3,respectively,and the sequence was secondary trunk road>main trunk road>branch road>expressway,same as the order of silt loading.The sequence of road dust emission factor was secondary trunk road>expressway>branch road> main trunk road,while the sequence of road dust emission strength was expressway>secondary trunk road>main trunk road>branch road.This study had great significance on region road dust emission inventory construction and provided the basic scientific data support for control measurement decision.
Samples were collected by using TRAKER system for obtaining paved vehicle lane dust background concentration and the concentration of dust resuspended by a driving automotive vehicle at Shijiazhuang in summer.Then analysis on the impact of vehicle speed on emission characteristics of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) lifted by the wheel and the silt loading,emission factor and emission strength of paved road were obtained.Results showed that PM_(2.5) lifted by the wheel did not change much with the speed of the vehicle,while the PM_(10) fluctuated greatly.At the same vehicle speed,the PM_(2.5) concentration from expressway,main trunk road,secondary trunk road and branch road are 0.046,0.110,0.160 and 0.097 mg/m~3,respectively,and the sequence was secondary trunk road>main trunk road>branch road>expressway,same as the order of silt loading.The sequence of road dust emission factor was secondary trunk road>expressway>branch road> main trunk road,while the sequence of road dust emission strength was expressway>secondary trunk road>main trunk road>branch road.This study had great significance on region road dust emission inventory construction and provided the basic scientific data support for control measurement decision.
引文
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[22]张瑶,张鸿雁,崔海航,等.机动车单车扬尘浓度分布规律的模拟[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(8):3094-3098.
[2]AMATO F,KARANASIOU A,MORENO T,et al.Emission factors from road dust resuspension in a Mediterranean freeway[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,61(12):580-587.
[3]PANT P,BAKER S J,SHUKLA A,et al.The PM10fraction of road dust in the UK and India:characterization,source profiles and oxidative potential[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,530/531:445-452.
[4]环境保护部.2015中国环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2018-01-06].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/hjzl/zghjzkgb/lnzghjzkgb/201606/P020160602333160471955.pdf.
[5]韩星.石家庄市主城区交通扬尘排放特征研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2016.
[6]张诗建,姬亚芹,朱振宇,等.机动车车速对道路交通扬尘排放特征的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(4):82-84,90.
[7]杨德容,叶芝祥,杨怀金,等.成都市铺装道路扬尘排放清单及空间分布特征研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(11):83-87.
[8]PERRONE M G,LARSEN B R,FERRERO L,et al.Sources of high PM2.5concentrations in Milan,Northern Italy:molecular marker data and CMB modeling[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,414:343-355.
[9]朱振宇,张诗建,张亚飞,等.道路交通扬尘采样方法研究进展[J].环境与可持续发展,2014,39(1):41-45.
[10]潘月云,李楠,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2655-2669.
[11]USEPA.Emission factor documentation for AP-42,Section13.2.1:paved roads[R].Washington,D.C.:USEPA,2011.
[12]彭康.珠江三角洲铺装道路扬尘源污染物排放及特征研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[13]樊守彬,秦建平,蔡煜.呼和浩特交通扬尘排放清单研究[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(6):19-22.
[14]樊守彬,张东旭,田灵娣,等.北京市交通扬尘PM2.5排放清单及空间分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(1):20-28.
[15]许妍,周启星.天津城市交通道路扬尘排放特征及空间分布研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(12):2168-2173.
[16]刘永红,詹鹃铭,刘建昌,等.广东佛山交通扬尘排放特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(8).
[17]HUSSEIN T,JOHANSSON C,KARLSSON H,et al.Factors affecting non-tailpipe aerosol particle emissions from paved roads:on-road measurements in Stockholm,Sweden[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(4):688-702.
[18]KAVOURAS I G,DUBOIS D W,NIKOLICH G,et al.Particulate dust emission factors from unpaved roads in the U.S.-Mexico border semi-arid region[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2016,124:189-192.
[19]CJJ 37-2012,城市道路工程设计规范[S].
[20]彭康,杨杨,郑君瑜,等.珠江三角洲地区铺装道路扬尘排放因子与排放清单研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2657-2663.
[21]靳秋思,宋国华,何巍楠,等.机动车道路扬尘与PM直接排放的测算与分析[J].交通信息与安全,2014,32(6):53-58.
[22]张瑶,张鸿雁,崔海航,等.机动车单车扬尘浓度分布规律的模拟[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(8):3094-3098.