喷杆运动与喷雾沉积分布变异系数关系试验研究
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摘要
喷杆式喷雾机被广泛用于作物病虫草害的防治和液态化肥的喷施,可以增大农作物的产量;然而,喷雾机在起伏不平的田间行驶时,地面起伏会导致喷杆发生无规律运动。为了探明喷杆运动对喷雾沉积分布的影响规律,通过在喷杆末梢安装超声波测距传感器和加速度传感器,测量喷杆的滚转运动及垂向振动加速度,同时在田间布置水敏纸,测量沿着喷杆方向和行驶方向的雾滴分布均匀性变异系数。使用双GPS辅助的惯性测量系统获取喷雾机底盘的运动姿态和运动轨迹,将测得的喷杆运动与水敏纸测得的沉积分布量对应起来,通过对试验数据分析车体晃动、喷杆运动、喷雾分布变异系数之间的关系。结果表明:对无减振悬架的喷杆喷雾机底盘晃动越剧烈,喷杆的不规律运动及弹性变形越大;A组覆盖率试验采样位置处喷杆两侧高度差374mm,对应的横向喷雾分布变异系数为80.38%;B组位置处喷杆高度差118mm,对应的横向喷雾分布变异系数为65.48%;喷臂两侧高度差越大,雾滴分布的变异系数越大。同时,喷雾机垂向振动加速度比前进方向的加速度大,喷杆垂直面内的振动较大,导致测得的沿喷杆方向的雾滴覆盖率变异系数大于行驶方向的变异系数。
To increase the yield in agriculture,plants must be protected against diseases and need to be provided with fertilizers. One of the most important methods to spread agro-chemicals is by using spray booms. The efficiency of the chemicals is highly correlated with the uniformity of the spray distribution pattern. Spray booms are weakly damped structures and their main movements,rolling,yawing and jolting,dramatically affect the spray distribution pattern. In order to find out the influence law of spray boom movement on spray deposition distribution,ultrasonic sensors and acceleration sensors are installed at the end of the spray boom,rolling motion and vertical vibration acceleration of the boom are measured. At the same time,the water sensitive papers ware arranged in the field to measure the uniformity coefficient of droplet distribution along the direction of the spray rod and the direction of travel. The dual GPS aided inertial measurement system is used to measure the motion attitude and trajectory of the sprayer,thenthe measured spray boom motion is corresponding to the deposition distribution,the relationship between sprayer motion,boom motion and spray distribution is analyzed though the experimental data,results show that the more serious the chassis wobble is,the more irregular motion and elastic deformation of the spray boom. at A group coverage test sampling location,The height difference between the two sides of the spray rod is 374 mm,The variation coefficient of the spray distribution along the boom axis is 80.38%,at B group coverage test sampling location,The height difference between the two sides of the spray rod is 118 mm,The variation coefficient of the spray distribution along the boom axis is 65.48%,the greater the difference in height between the two sides of the boom,the greater the coefficient of variation of droplet distribution. At the same time,the vertical vibration acceleration of the sprayer is larger than the acceleration in the forward direction,and the vibration in the vertical plane of the spray boom is larger,cause the coefficient of variation of the droplet coverage rate measured along the boom direction is greater than the coefficient of variation in the direction of travel.
To increase the yield in agriculture,plants must be protected against diseases and need to be provided with fertilizers. One of the most important methods to spread agro-chemicals is by using spray booms. The efficiency of the chemicals is highly correlated with the uniformity of the spray distribution pattern. Spray booms are weakly damped structures and their main movements,rolling,yawing and jolting,dramatically affect the spray distribution pattern. In order to find out the influence law of spray boom movement on spray deposition distribution,ultrasonic sensors and acceleration sensors are installed at the end of the spray boom,rolling motion and vertical vibration acceleration of the boom are measured. At the same time,the water sensitive papers ware arranged in the field to measure the uniformity coefficient of droplet distribution along the direction of the spray rod and the direction of travel. The dual GPS aided inertial measurement system is used to measure the motion attitude and trajectory of the sprayer,thenthe measured spray boom motion is corresponding to the deposition distribution,the relationship between sprayer motion,boom motion and spray distribution is analyzed though the experimental data,results show that the more serious the chassis wobble is,the more irregular motion and elastic deformation of the spray boom. at A group coverage test sampling location,The height difference between the two sides of the spray rod is 374 mm,The variation coefficient of the spray distribution along the boom axis is 80.38%,at B group coverage test sampling location,The height difference between the two sides of the spray rod is 118 mm,The variation coefficient of the spray distribution along the boom axis is 65.48%,the greater the difference in height between the two sides of the boom,the greater the coefficient of variation of droplet distribution. At the same time,the vertical vibration acceleration of the sprayer is larger than the acceleration in the forward direction,and the vibration in the vertical plane of the spray boom is larger,cause the coefficient of variation of the droplet coverage rate measured along the boom direction is greater than the coefficient of variation in the direction of travel.
引文
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[13]Ramon H,Baerdemaeker J D.Spray boom motions and spray distribution:part 1,derivation of a mathematical relation[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1997,66(1):23-29.
[14]Ramon H,Missotten B,Baerdemaeker J D.Spray boom motions and spray distribution:part 2,experimental validation of the mathematical relation and simulation results[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1997,66(1):31-39.
[15]崔龙飞,薛新宇,丁素明,等.大型喷杆及其摆式悬架减振系统动力学特性分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):61-68.
[16]崔龙飞,薛新宇,丁素明,等.双钟摆主被动悬架式大型喷雾机喷杆动力学仿真与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):82-90.
[17]Marchant J A,Frost A R.Simulation of the performance of state feedback controllers for an active spray boom suspension[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1989,43(43):77-91.
[18]O'Sullivan J A.Verification of passive and active versions of a mathematical model of a pendulum spray boom suspension[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1988,40(2):89-101.
[19]Deprez K,Anthonis J,Ramon H,et al.Development of a slow active suspension for stabilizing the roll of spray booms,part 1:hybrid modelling[J].Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(2):185-191.
[20]Deprez K,Anthonis J,Ramon H,et al.Development of a slow active suspension for stabilizing the roll of spray booms,part 2:Controller design[J].Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(3):273-279.
[21]Tahmasebi M,Rahman R A,Mailah M,et al.Roll movement control of a spray boom structure using active force control with artificial neural network strategy[J].Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration&Active Control,2013,32(32):189-202.
[22]Tahmasebi M,Rahman R A,Mailah M,et al.Active force control applied to spray boom structure[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013,315:616-620.
[2]Ramon H,Missotten B,Debaerdemaeker J.Spray boom motions and spray distribution.2.Experimental validation of the mathematical relation and simulation results[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1997,66(1):31-9.
[3]吴吉麟,苗玉彬.不同激励源下宽幅喷雾机喷杆的动态特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2012(4):39-44.
[4]Kennes P,Ramon H,Baerdemaeker J D.Modelling the effect of passive vertical suspensions on the dynamic behaviour of sprayer booms[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1999,72(3):217-229.
[5]Iyer R M,Wills B.Factors determining the design of tractormounted sprayer booms—sprayer nozzle characteristics[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1978,23(1):37-43.
[6]Gunn J,Womac A R,Hong Y J.Sprayer boom dynamic effects on application uniformity[J].Transactions of the Asae,2004,47(3):647-658.
[7]Sinfort C,Herbst A.Evaluation of the quality of spray distribution from boom sprayers in practical conditions1[J].Eppo Bulletin,2010,26(1):27-36.
[8]Langenakens J J,Clijmans L,Ramon H,et al.The Effects of vertical sprayer boom movements on the uniformity of spray distribution[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1999,74(3):281-291.
[9]Lardoux Y,Sinfort C,Enfale P,et al.Test Method for Boom Suspension Influence on Spray Distribution,Part I:Experimental Study of Pesticide Application under a Moving Boom[J].Biosystems Engineering,2007,96(1):29-39.
[10]Lardoux Y,Sinfort C,Enflt P,et al.Test method for boom suspension influence on spray distribution,part II:validation and use of a spray distribution model[J].Biosystems Engineering,2007,96(2):161-168.
[11]Nordby A,Skuterud R.The effects of boom height,working pressure and wind speed on spray drift[J].Weed Research,2010,14(6):385-395.
[12]Balsari P,Gil E,Marucco P,et al.Field-crop-sprayer potential drift measured using test bench:Effects of boom height and nozzle type[J].Biosystems Engineering,2017,154:3-13.
[13]Ramon H,Baerdemaeker J D.Spray boom motions and spray distribution:part 1,derivation of a mathematical relation[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1997,66(1):23-29.
[14]Ramon H,Missotten B,Baerdemaeker J D.Spray boom motions and spray distribution:part 2,experimental validation of the mathematical relation and simulation results[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1997,66(1):31-39.
[15]崔龙飞,薛新宇,丁素明,等.大型喷杆及其摆式悬架减振系统动力学特性分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):61-68.
[16]崔龙飞,薛新宇,丁素明,等.双钟摆主被动悬架式大型喷雾机喷杆动力学仿真与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):82-90.
[17]Marchant J A,Frost A R.Simulation of the performance of state feedback controllers for an active spray boom suspension[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1989,43(43):77-91.
[18]O'Sullivan J A.Verification of passive and active versions of a mathematical model of a pendulum spray boom suspension[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1988,40(2):89-101.
[19]Deprez K,Anthonis J,Ramon H,et al.Development of a slow active suspension for stabilizing the roll of spray booms,part 1:hybrid modelling[J].Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(2):185-191.
[20]Deprez K,Anthonis J,Ramon H,et al.Development of a slow active suspension for stabilizing the roll of spray booms,part 2:Controller design[J].Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(3):273-279.
[21]Tahmasebi M,Rahman R A,Mailah M,et al.Roll movement control of a spray boom structure using active force control with artificial neural network strategy[J].Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration&Active Control,2013,32(32):189-202.
[22]Tahmasebi M,Rahman R A,Mailah M,et al.Active force control applied to spray boom structure[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2013,315:616-620.