不均匀直流电场下绝缘材料表面电荷积聚与消散特性
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摘要
近年来,高压直流输电发展迅速,而绝缘材料表面电荷积聚现象所带来的问题日益突出,严重制约了高压电气设备的进一步发展。通过平面指型电极充电的方式研究不均匀直流电场下材料表面电荷的积聚特点,针对环氧树脂、硅橡胶、有机玻璃、聚四氟乙烯四种电介质,考察材料的种类、电压作用时间及幅值变化对表面电荷积聚的影响。此外,对四种材料表面电荷的消散规律展开研究,分析电荷消散速率与积聚能力间的关联。结果表明:对于所用的平面指型电极,表面电荷表现为双极性积聚,阳极侧积聚正电荷、阴极侧积聚负电荷;在电极两侧,绝缘材料表面电荷的积聚能力有所不同。并发现,材料表面电荷消散速率较大时,其在接地侧电极附近的电荷积聚能力也较强。研究结果有助于对电气设备常面临的绝缘问题以及电气设备绝缘优化设计提供科学依据。
In recent years, HVDC transmission has developed rapidly. However, the problems caused by the phenomenon of surface charge accumulation have become increasingly prominent, which has seriously restricted the further development of high-voltage electrical equipment. In this paper,under the inhomogeneous electric field, the surface charge accumulation characteristics of four kinds of polymer dielectric, such as epoxy resin, silicone rubber, polymethylmethacrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene, were studied by means of planar finger electrode charging. The effects of material, voltage action time and amplitude on the surface charge accumulation were investigated. In addition, the surface charge decay rules of the four materials were studied, and the correlation between charge dissipation rate and accumulation ability was analyzed. The results show that for the planar finger electrodes, the surface charge exhibits bipolar accumulation, that is, the positive side accumulates positive charge, and the negative side accumulates negative charge; on both sides of the electrode, the surface charge accumulation ability of insulating material is different. It is also found that when the charge dissipation rate is high, its surface charge accumulation ability near the ground electrode is also strong. The results will help to provide scientific basis for the insulation problem and optimization design of electrical equipment.
In recent years, HVDC transmission has developed rapidly. However, the problems caused by the phenomenon of surface charge accumulation have become increasingly prominent, which has seriously restricted the further development of high-voltage electrical equipment. In this paper,under the inhomogeneous electric field, the surface charge accumulation characteristics of four kinds of polymer dielectric, such as epoxy resin, silicone rubber, polymethylmethacrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene, were studied by means of planar finger electrode charging. The effects of material, voltage action time and amplitude on the surface charge accumulation were investigated. In addition, the surface charge decay rules of the four materials were studied, and the correlation between charge dissipation rate and accumulation ability was analyzed. The results show that for the planar finger electrodes, the surface charge exhibits bipolar accumulation, that is, the positive side accumulates positive charge, and the negative side accumulates negative charge; on both sides of the electrode, the surface charge accumulation ability of insulating material is different. It is also found that when the charge dissipation rate is high, its surface charge accumulation ability near the ground electrode is also strong. The results will help to provide scientific basis for the insulation problem and optimization design of electrical equipment.
引文
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[2]齐波,张贵新,李成榕,等.气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路的研究现状及应用前景[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1466-1474.Qi Bo,Zhang Guixin,Li Chengrong,et al.Research status and prospect of gas-insulated metal enclosed transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1466-1474.
[3]孙黎,胡峰,穆钢.基于改进控制策略的MMC-HVDC运行特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(9):10-16.Sun Li,Hu Feng,Mu Gang.Investigation of MMC-HVDC operation performance based on improved control strategy[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(9):10-16.
[4]Hammer F,Küchler A.Insulating systems for HVDCpower apparatus[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1992,27(3):601-609.
[5]唐炬,潘成,王邸博,等.高压直流绝缘材料表面电荷积聚研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(8):10-21.Tang Ju,Pan Cheng,Wang Dibo,et al.Development of studies about surface charge accumulation on insulating material under HVDC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(8):10-21.
[6]高宇.聚合物电介质表面电荷动态特性研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.
[7]Fang Z,Fouracre R A,Farish O.Investigations of surface charging of DC insulator spacers[C]//Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,Millbrae,CA,USA,1996,1:20-23.
[8]汪沨,方志,邱毓昌.高压直流GIS中绝缘子的表面电荷积聚的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(30):105-109.Wang Feng,Fang Zhi,Qiu Yuchang.Study of charge accumulation on insulator surface in HVDC gasinsulated switchgear[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(30):105-109.
[9]王健,李伯涛,李庆民,等.直流GIL中线形金属微粒对柱式绝缘子表面电荷积聚的影响[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):213-222.Wang Jian,Li Botao,Li Qingmin,et al.Impact of linear metal particle on surface charge accumulation of post insulator within DC GIL[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):213-222.
[10]张贵新,张博雅,王强,等.高压直流GIL中盆式绝缘子表面电荷积聚与消散的实验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1430-1436.Zhang Guixin,Zhang Boya,Wang Qiang,et al.Experiment study of surface charge accumulation and decay on a cone-type insulator in HVDC GIL[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1430-1436.
[11]Chalmers ID,Wang C X,Farish O.Dielectric surface charge phenomena in a space environment[C]//Pulsed Power Conference,London,UK,1989:804-807.
[12]张博雅,王强,祁喆,等.直流电压下聚合物表面荷测量方法及积聚特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(24):6664-6674.Zhang Boya,Wang Qiang,Qi Zhe,et al.Measurement method and accumulation characteristics of surface charge distribution on polymeric material under DC voltage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(24):6664-6674.
[13]Zhang Boya,Qi Zhe,Zhang Guixin.Charge accumulation patterns on spacer surface in HVDCgas-insulated system:dominant uniform charging and random charge speckles[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(2):1229-1238.
[14]Shigemitsu Okabe.Phenomena and mechanism of electric charges on spacers in gas insulated switchgears[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2007,14(1):46-52.
[15]田浩,李继承,郝留成,等.直流电压下环氧绝缘材料电气性能对电荷积聚的影响[J].电网技术,2015,39(5):1463-1468.Tian Hao,Li Jicheng,Hao Liucheng,et al.Influence of electrical properties of epoxy insulating materials on surface charge accumulation under DC voltage[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(5):1463-1468.
[16]Hiroshi Morita,Toshiyuki Yokosuka,Ayumu Hatanaka.Characteristics of electrical charging on smooth and rough surfaces of glass plates under vacuum[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(2):1226-1232.
[17]Josef Kindersberger,Christoph Lederle.Surface charge decay on insulators in air and sulfurhexafluoridpart I:simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(4):941-948.
[18]Josef Kindersberger,Christoph Lederle.Surface charge decay on insulators in air and sulfurhexafluoridpart II:measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(4):949-956.
[19]Shahid Alam,Yuriy V Serdyuk,Stanislaw MGubanski,et al.Potential decay on silicone rubber surfaces affected by bulk and surface conductivities[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(2):970-978.
[20]Kumara J R S S,Serdyuk Y V,Gubanski S M.Surface potential decay on LDPE and LDPE/Al2O3nano-composites:measurements and modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(6):3466-3475.
[21]Zhang Boya,Zhang Guixin.Interpretation of the surface charge decay kinetics on insulators with different neutralization mechanisms[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2017,121(10):105105.
[22]陈可,梁曦东,刘杉.空气中不同温度下环氧树脂绝缘子表面电荷消散过程的实验研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1723-1728.Chen Ke,Liang Xidong,Liu Shan.Experimental study on the decay process of surface charges on epoxy insulators under different temperature in air[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(5):1723-1728.
[23]王蓓,张贵新,王强,等.SF6及空气中绝缘子表面电荷的消散过程分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(1):99-103.Wang Bei,Zhang Guixin,Wang Qiang,et al.Analysis of surface charge decay process on insulators in SF6 and air[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(1):99-103.
[24]Winter A,Kindersberger J.Stationary resistive field distribution along epoxy resin insulators in air under DC voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Diele-ctrics and Electrical Insulation,2012,19(5):1732-1739.
[25]Xie Qing,Wang Tao,Huang He,et al.Surface morphology and flashover performance of epoxy resin in SF6 after discharge aging[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(6):3395-3404.
[26]Xie Qing,Ren Jie,Huang He,et al.Aging characteristics of epoxy resin discharged by very fast transient overvoltage in SF6[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(2):1178-1188.
[27]刘熊,林海丹,梁义明,等.空气中微秒脉冲沿面放电对环氧树脂表面特性影响研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(13):158-165.Liu Xiong,Lin Haidan,Liang Yiming,et al.Effect of atmospheric-pressure microsecond pulsed discharges on epoxy resin surface[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(13):158-165.
[28]王阳,章程,谢庆,等.纳秒脉冲表面滑闪放电的电气和光学特性[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(8):63-73.Wang Yang,Zhang Cheng,Xie Qing,et al.Experimental and optical characteristics of nanosecondpulse surface sliding discharge[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(8):63-73.
[29]谢庆,付可欣,陆路,等.环氧树脂真空沿面闪络后表面形貌的AFM分析及分形特征提取[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):245-255.Xie Qing,Fu Kexin,Lu Lu,et al.AFM analysis and fractal characteristics extraction of the surface morphology of epoxy resin after vacuum flashover[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):245-255.
[30]Shao Tao,Yang Wenjin,Zhang Cheng,et al.Enhanced surface flashover strength in vacuum of polymethylmethacrylate by surface modification using atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge[J].Applied Physics Letters,2014,105(7):071607.
[31]林浩凡,王瑞雪,谢庆,等.等离子体射流快速改性促进表面电荷衰减[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):256-264.Lin Haofan,Wang Ruixue,Xie Qing,et al.Rapid surface modification by plasma jet to promote surface charge decaying[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):256-264.
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