玉米秸秆低温高效降解菌GF-20的应用效果研究
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摘要
试验通过尼龙网袋埋入法模拟玉米秸秆还田,研究秸秆降解菌降解速率及土壤养分释放特征,分析其对玉米产量及品质特性的影响,以期为玉米秸秆资源合理利用及菌剂应用提供技术支撑。结果表明:施用降解菌的玉米秸秆,其降解率显著高于未施用秸秆降解菌处理;不同时期土壤养分呈先升高后下降趋势,各时期均以施用秸秆降解复合菌GF-20土壤养分含量最高,施入30 d后土壤碱解氮、土壤速效磷、土壤速效钾、土壤有机质较不施菌剂处理(CK1)分别增加21.39 mg/kg,6.86 mg/kg,62.82 mg/kg,4.41 g/kg,均达到差异显著水平;施用秸秆降解菌GF-20处理的玉米行粒数和千粒重都有明显的提高,分别比不施用菌剂处理提高16.36%和3.16%,施用秸秆降解菌处理的玉米籽粒的蛋白质、淀粉含量显著高于秸秆不还田处理,能够在一定程度上提高玉米产量及品质。
The corn stalks were returned to the field by nylon mesh bag embedding method to study the degradation rate of corn stalks and soil nutrient release characteristics. The effects of corn stalks on corn yield and quality characteristics were analyzed to optimize the utilization of corn stalk degrading bacteria, in order to provide technical support for the rational utilization of corn stalk resources and the application of microbial agents. the results showed that the degradation rate of corn stalk with stalk degrading bacteria was significantly higher than that without stalk degrading bacteria. Soil nutrients in different periods showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. The nutrient release was the highest in the soils treated with stalk degrading composite bacteria GF-20, and the degradation rate of soil available nitrogen, soil available potassium,soil available phosphorus, soil organic matter was higher than that of the control. They increased by 21.39 mg/kg, 62.82 mg/kg,6.86 mg/kg, 4.41 g/kg in 30 days, respectively, and reached significant difference. The number of grain and 1000 grain weight of corn treated with stalk degrading bacteria GF-20 were significantly improved, were increased by 16.36% and 3.16% compared to no bacterial treatment, respectively. The application of straw degrading bacteria corn grain protein and starch content was significantly higher than that of straw not returning to the field, which could improve yield and quality of corn to some extent.
The corn stalks were returned to the field by nylon mesh bag embedding method to study the degradation rate of corn stalks and soil nutrient release characteristics. The effects of corn stalks on corn yield and quality characteristics were analyzed to optimize the utilization of corn stalk degrading bacteria, in order to provide technical support for the rational utilization of corn stalk resources and the application of microbial agents. the results showed that the degradation rate of corn stalk with stalk degrading bacteria was significantly higher than that without stalk degrading bacteria. Soil nutrients in different periods showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. The nutrient release was the highest in the soils treated with stalk degrading composite bacteria GF-20, and the degradation rate of soil available nitrogen, soil available potassium,soil available phosphorus, soil organic matter was higher than that of the control. They increased by 21.39 mg/kg, 62.82 mg/kg,6.86 mg/kg, 4.41 g/kg in 30 days, respectively, and reached significant difference. The number of grain and 1000 grain weight of corn treated with stalk degrading bacteria GF-20 were significantly improved, were increased by 16.36% and 3.16% compared to no bacterial treatment, respectively. The application of straw degrading bacteria corn grain protein and starch content was significantly higher than that of straw not returning to the field, which could improve yield and quality of corn to some extent.
引文
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[25]耿丽平,薛培英,刘会玲,等.促腐菌剂对还田小麦秸秆腐解及土壤生物学性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):305-310.
[26]卜元卿.秸秆原位降解菌选育与应用及其土壤菌群分子多态性变化[D].南京:南京农业大学,2004.
[27]舒洲.秸秆还田配合施肥对旱地小麦产量及土壤生物学特性影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[28]黄继川,彭智平,于俊红,等.接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(11):2020-2024.
[29]杨丽丽,周米良,邓小华,等.不同腐熟剂对玉米秸秆腐解及养分释放动态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(30):32-37.
[30]李鑫,孙玉禄,孙立梅.施用降解菌种使秸秆还田对土壤酶活性和玉米产量的影响[J].园艺与种苗,2015(1):33-35.
[2]尹昌斌,黄显雷,赵俊伟,等.玉米秸秆还田的受偿意愿分析--基于河北、山东两省的农户调查数据[J].中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(7):87-93.
[3]彭春艳,罗怀良,孔静.中国作物秸秆资源量估算与利用状况研究进展[J].中国农业资源与区划,2014(3):14-19.
[4]卜毓坚,屠乃美,刘文,等.我国农作物秸秆综合利用现状及其技术进展[J].作物研究,2006,20(S1):526-529.
[5]杜延红,阎振元,滕健.农作物秸秆综合利用情况综述[C]//中国生物质能技术与可持续发展研讨会.郑州:中国太阳能学会,2004.
[6]李凤博.不同耕作方式下秸秆还田对直播田生态环境的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[7]陈浩,李小刚,周游,等.农作物秸秆还田资源化利用研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2015(6):138-141.
[8]李有兵.基于不同秸秆还田模式的农田肥力效应研究及土壤质量综合评价[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[9]赵秀玲,任永祥,赵鑫,等.华北平原秸秆还田生态效应研究进展[J].作物杂志,2017(1):1-7.
[10]徐立群.加大推广秸秆还田力度保持和提升土壤有机质[J].农业开发与装备,2017(2):125.
[11]季陆鹰,葛胜,郭静,等.作物秸秆还田的存在问题及对策[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(6):342-344.
[12]李力,李俊,沈德龙,等.秸秆高效原位腐解菌复合系的选育及其特性研究[C]∥十一届全国微生物肥料生产技术研讨会.长沙:中国微生物学会农业微生物学专业委员会,2010.
[13]张晶.秸秆还田土壤中与纤维素降解相关的微生物的分子生态学研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[14]伍玉鹏,彭其安,MUHAMMAD SHAABAN,等.秸秆还田对土壤微生物影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(29):175-183.
[15]崔宗均,李美丹,朴哲,等.一组高效稳定纤维素分解菌复合系MC1的筛选及功能[J].环境科学,2002,23(3):35-37.
[16]张丽萍,程辉彩,崔冠慧,等.纤维素酶产生菌的选育及高效复合菌系构建[C]∥第九届中国酶工程学术研讨会.南宁:广西科学院,2013.
[17]牛俊玲,崔宗均,李国学.一组纤维素-林丹分解菌复合系的稳定性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2488-2491.
[18]牛俊玲,崔宗均,李国学,等.高效纤维素分解菌复合系的筛选构建及其对秸秆的分解特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(4):794-799.
[19]青格尔,高聚林,于晓芳,等.玉米秸秆低温高效降解复合菌系GF-20的温度和p H适应性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):156-164.
[20]青格尔,高聚林,王振,等.玉米秸秆低温降解复合菌系GF-20的促分解作用及对土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(3):153-161.
[21]青格尔,于晓芳,高聚林,等.腐解菌剂对玉米秸秆降解效果的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(12):107-116.
[22]胡海红,孙继颖,高聚林,等.低温高效降解玉米秸秆复合菌系发酵条件优化及腐解菌剂的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1602-1609.
[23]迟畅,马巍,沙洪林.秸秆腐解剂的研制及田间试验研究[J].东北农业科学,2017(1):19-22.
[24]刘海静,任萍.2种还田模式下小麦秸秆腐解菌剂应用效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(3):166-172.
[25]耿丽平,薛培英,刘会玲,等.促腐菌剂对还田小麦秸秆腐解及土壤生物学性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):305-310.
[26]卜元卿.秸秆原位降解菌选育与应用及其土壤菌群分子多态性变化[D].南京:南京农业大学,2004.
[27]舒洲.秸秆还田配合施肥对旱地小麦产量及土壤生物学特性影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[28]黄继川,彭智平,于俊红,等.接种菌剂条件下玉米秸秆还田对玉米产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(11):2020-2024.
[29]杨丽丽,周米良,邓小华,等.不同腐熟剂对玉米秸秆腐解及养分释放动态的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(30):32-37.
[30]李鑫,孙玉禄,孙立梅.施用降解菌种使秸秆还田对土壤酶活性和玉米产量的影响[J].园艺与种苗,2015(1):33-35.
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