高稀土氧化物渣系熔化温度的测定
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摘要
稀土钕铁硼、稀土储氢合金、镍氢电池电极等稀土废料经选择性氧化还原-渣金熔分处理后,其中的稀土以氧化物形态富集在熔分渣中,采用半球法对熔渣体系的熔化温度进行研究,以得到稀土氧化物含量高、熔化温度适宜的熔渣体系.结果表明,REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-FeO-B_2O_3渣系的熔化温度随REO含量降低、FeO含量增加而降低;REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MnO渣系的熔化温度随REO含量降低而降低,60%(Pr,Nd)Ox-19.3%SiO_2-9.7%Al_2O_3-7%FeO-4%B_2O_3和55%(La,Ce)Ox-25.3%SiO_2-12.7%Al_2O_3-7%MnO渣系稀土氧化物含量高(适中)、熔化温度适宜,是最优的熔渣配比,可分别作为从钕铁硼废料和稀土储氢合金、镍氢电池电极废料中提取稀土的基础渣系.
Processed by selective oxidation-reduction and melting separation, the rare earth oxides in the rare earth wastes such as rare earth Nd Fe B, hydrogen storage alloys, Ni-MH battery electrodes, etc. were enriched into molten slag. In order to get the needed slag which was rich in rare earth oxides and with suitable melting temperature, the hemispherical method was adopted to study the melting temperature. The results showed that the melting temperature of the REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe O-B_2O_3 slag decreased as the content of REO decreased and the content of Fe O increased, and the melting temperature of the REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Mn O slag decreased with REO content reduced. Because of their high content of rare earth oxides and proper melting temperature, the 60%(Pr,Nd)Ox-19.3%SiO_2-9.7%Al_2O_3-7%Fe O-4%B_2O_3 slag and the 55%(La, Ce)Ox-25.3%SiO_2-12.7%Al_2O_3-7%Mn O slags were the best choices for the based slag for Nd Fe B and hydrogen storage alloys and Ni–MH battery electrodes to extract rare earth.
Processed by selective oxidation-reduction and melting separation, the rare earth oxides in the rare earth wastes such as rare earth Nd Fe B, hydrogen storage alloys, Ni-MH battery electrodes, etc. were enriched into molten slag. In order to get the needed slag which was rich in rare earth oxides and with suitable melting temperature, the hemispherical method was adopted to study the melting temperature. The results showed that the melting temperature of the REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe O-B_2O_3 slag decreased as the content of REO decreased and the content of Fe O increased, and the melting temperature of the REO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Mn O slag decreased with REO content reduced. Because of their high content of rare earth oxides and proper melting temperature, the 60%(Pr,Nd)Ox-19.3%SiO_2-9.7%Al_2O_3-7%Fe O-4%B_2O_3 slag and the 55%(La, Ce)Ox-25.3%SiO_2-12.7%Al_2O_3-7%Mn O slags were the best choices for the based slag for Nd Fe B and hydrogen storage alloys and Ni–MH battery electrodes to extract rare earth.
引文
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[2]黄健,冯瑞华.浅析日本稀土战略[J].稀土信息,2010,(8):21-23.Huang J,Feng R H.Basic Introduction of Rare Earth Strategy in Japan[J].Rare Earth Information,2010,(8):21-23.
[3]吴巍,张洪林.废镍氢电池中镍、钴和稀土金属回收工艺研究[J].稀有金属,2010,34(1):79-84.Wu W,Zhang H L.Recovery of Ni,Co,Rare Earth from Waste MH-Ni Battery[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2010,34(1):79-84.
[4]尹小文,刘敏,赖伟鸿,等.草酸盐沉淀法回收钕铁硼废料中稀土元素的研究[J].稀有金属,2014,38(6):1093-1098.Yin X W,Liu M,Lai W H,et al.Recycle Rare Earth Elements from Nd Fe B Waste with Oxalate Precipitation Method[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2014,38(6):1093-1098.
[5]王毅军,刘宇辉,郭军勋,等.用盐酸优溶法从Nd Fe B废料中回收稀土[J].湿法冶金,2006,25(4):195-197.Wang Y J,Liu Y H,Guo J X,et al.Recovery of Rare Earth Metals form Nd Fe B Waste Materials Using Hydrochloric Acid[J].Hydrometallurgy of China,2006,25(4):195-197.
[6]陈云锦.全萃取法回收钕铁硼废渣中的稀土与钴[J].中国资源综合利用,2006,(4):l0-13.Chen Y J.The Recovery of Rare Earth and Cobalt from Nd Fe B Waste by Solvent Extracting[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2006,(4):l0-13.
[7]霍慧贤,郭长庆.新法回收废储氢合金性能的研究[J].内蒙古科技大学学报,2007,26(1):42-45.Huo H X,Guo C Q.Study on Properties of Hydrogen Storage Alloy Recycled by a New Method[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,2007,26(1):42-45.
[8]王荣,阎杰,周震,等.MH/Ni电池稀土系储氢合金的失效及回收研究[J].中国稀土学报,2002,20(2):138-142.Wang R,Yan J,Zhou Z,et al.Degradation and Recovery of AB5-type Hydrogen Storage Alloy Used in MH/Ni Batteries[J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2002,20(2):138-142.
[9]张雪峰,王大鹏,张倩.钕铁硼废料回收利用[J].科技创新导报,2012,(13):149-150.Zhang X F,Wang D P,Zhang Q.The Recycling of Nd Fe B Waste[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2012,(13):149-150.
[10]Saito T,Sato H,Motegi T.Extraction of Rare Earth from La-Ni Alloys by the Glass Slag Method[J].J.Mater.Res.,2003,18(12):2814-2819.
[11]Saito T,Sato H,Ozawa S,et al.The Extraction of Nd from Waste Nd-Fe-B Alloys by the Glass Slag Method[J].J.Alloy Compd.,2003,353(1):189-193.
[12]Tang K,Arjan C,Martinez A M,et al.Recycling the Rare Earth Elements from Waste Ni MH Batteries and Magnet Scraps by Pyrometallurgical Processes[J].Science Foundation in China,2014,22(1):50-57.
[13]邓永春,吴胜利,姜银举,等.直接还原-渣金熔分法回收钕铁硼废料[J].稀土,2015,36(5):8-12.Deng Y C,Wu S L,Jiang Y J,et al.Recycling Nd Fe B Scrap by Direct Reduction and Melting Separation[J].Chinese Rare Earth,2015,36(5):8-12.
[14]Jiang Y J,Deng Y C,Bu W G.Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Valuable Elements in Ni-metal Hydride Battery Electrode Materials[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.B,2015,46(5):2153-2157.
[15]Deng Y C,Wu S L,Jiang Y J,et al.Study on Viscosity of the La2O3–Si O2–Al2O3 Slag System[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.B,2016,47(4):2433-2439.
[16]邓永春,吴胜利,姜银举,等.La2O3-Si O2-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度及其影响因素[J].过程工程学报,2017,17(2):357-361.Deng Y C,Wu S L,Jiang Y J,et al.Melting Temperature and Its Effect Factors of La2O3–Si O2–Al2O3-based Slag(in Chinese)[J].Chin.J.Process Eng.,2017,17(2):357-361.
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[18]熊洪进,施哲,丁跃华,等.Ca O-Mg O-Fe O-Al2O3-Si O2-P2O5熔融还原渣熔化温度的研究[J].矿冶,2013,22(3):84-90.Xiong H J,Shi Z,Ding Y H,et al.Study on Melting Temperature of Ca O-Mg O-Fe O-Al2O3-Si O2-P2O5 Smelting Reduction Slag[J].Mining and Metallurgy,2013,22(3):84-90.
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