摘要
番茄种质资源遗传多样性的研究是番茄育种的重要基础。本研究对收集的100份番茄种质资源材料进行遗传多样性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,不同性状在不同材料之间表现出不同程度的多样性。其中,质量性状中遗传多样性指数(H′)的变化范围为0.34~1.52,花序类型的H′最高,为1.52,数量性状中H′最高的是果梗洼大小和单果种子数,均为2.06;提取的9个主成分累计贡献率达到67.72%,第一、二主成分主要反映植株的生长状态和果实的外观形态,第三、四主成分分别反映果实因子和植株长势,第五、六主成分主要与果实熟性和品质有关。通过聚类分析将供试材料在欧氏距离为0.91处聚为Ⅴ类,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群可以作为培育高品质番茄的种质材料,第Ⅲ类群遗传改良潜力较大,第Ⅳ类群可以为今后选育不同利用价值的番茄品种提供宝贵材料,第Ⅴ类群是优良的种质资源。
The study of genetic diversity of tomato germplasm resources is an important basis for tomato breeding. Genetic diversity, principal componentand cluster analysis to 100 tomato germplasm resources were carried out in this study. The results showed that different traits showed varied degrees of diversity in different materials. Among them, the genetic diversity index of quality traits ranged from 0.34-1.52, and the inflorescence type had the highest genetic diversity index of 1.52. The highest genetic diversity index among quantitative traits was the size of fruit stalks and the seeds number of single fruit both of which were 2.06. The cumulative contribution rate of the nine principal components extracted reached 67.72%. The first and second principal components mainly reflected the growth state of the plant and the appearance of the fruit. The third and fourth principal components reflected the fruit factor and plant growth respectively.The fifth and sixth principal components were mainly related to fruit ripeness and quality. By cluster analysis, the tested materials were grouped into Ⅴ class at Euclidean distance of 0.91. Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ could be used as germplasm materials for cultivating high-quality tomato varieties. Group Ⅲ had greater potential for genetic improvement. Group Ⅳ could provide valuable materials for breeding tomato varieties with different utilization values in the future, and the Ⅴ group was an excellent germplasm resource.
引文
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