圈养环境下瓶鼻海豚、白鲸、伪虎鲸click脉冲信号特征分析
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摘要
通过实地采样采集到的瓶鼻海豚、白鲸、伪虎鲸的click脉冲信号数据,对所采集信号分别从时域、频域、时频特性以及距离分辨力等方面分别进行了分析对比。结果表明,三种海洋哺乳类动物均通过不断发射click脉冲串实现对目标的探测,在这过程中可以调节脉冲间隔或信号波形,其中伪虎鲸一部分click脉冲信号的频谱具有双峰的特殊性质。通过对这三种海洋哺乳动物click脉冲信号模糊函数的分析,发现瓶鼻海豚与白鲸的距离分辨力可以达到毫米量级,伪虎鲸相对较差,但也可以达到厘米量级。而随着频谱双峰信号的出现,伪虎鲸click脉冲信号的距离分辨力有明显提高,也达到了毫米量级。
The click pulse signals of dolphins, white whales and false killer whales are collected by field sampling.Then the time-frequency characteristics and distance resolution of the collected signals are analyzed and compared in time domain and frequency domain. The results show that the three marine mammals can achieve target detection by continuously transmitting click pulse trains. In this process, the pulse interval or signal waveform of the click pulses can be adjusted. The spectrum of a part of the click pulse signal of false killer whales has the special character of bimodal. Through the analyses of the ambiguity functions of the click signals of the three marine mammals, it is found that the distance resolution of bottlenose dolphins and white whales can reach millimeter scale; the false killer whales is relatively poor in distance resolution, which reaches centimeter scale. However, with the emergence of bimodal spectrum signals, the distance resolution of false killer whales is improved significantly and can also reach millimeter scale.
The click pulse signals of dolphins, white whales and false killer whales are collected by field sampling.Then the time-frequency characteristics and distance resolution of the collected signals are analyzed and compared in time domain and frequency domain. The results show that the three marine mammals can achieve target detection by continuously transmitting click pulse trains. In this process, the pulse interval or signal waveform of the click pulses can be adjusted. The spectrum of a part of the click pulse signal of false killer whales has the special character of bimodal. Through the analyses of the ambiguity functions of the click signals of the three marine mammals, it is found that the distance resolution of bottlenose dolphins and white whales can reach millimeter scale; the false killer whales is relatively poor in distance resolution, which reaches centimeter scale. However, with the emergence of bimodal spectrum signals, the distance resolution of false killer whales is improved significantly and can also reach millimeter scale.
引文
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[17]刘维,孙尼,尹力.海豚声纳信号的脉冲分解及特征分析[J].应用声学,2009,28(6):431-438.LIU Wei,SUN Ni,YIN Li.Pulse separation and characteristics analysis of dolphin’s sonar signal[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,28(6):431-438.
[18]薛山花,刘维,陈学亮,等.海豚声信号采集与数据分析[J].声学技术,2008,27(5):398-399.XUE Shanhua,LIU Wei,CHEN Xueliang,et al.Record and analysis on sound of the dophins[J].Technical Acoustics,2008,27(5):398-399.
[19]AU W W L,CARDER D A,PENNER R H,et al.Demonstration of adaptation in beluga whale echolocation signals[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77(2):726-730.
[20]AU W W L,PAWLOSKI J L,NACHTIGALL P E,et al.Echolocation signals and transmission beam pattern of a false killer whale(pseudorca crassidens)[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1995,98(1):51-59.
[21]田坦.声呐技术[M].第2版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2009:22-30.TIAN Tan.Sonar technology[M].2nd Edition.Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2010:22-30.
[2]BRANSTETTER B K,MOORE P W,FINNERAN J J,et al.Direction properties of bottlenose dolphin(tursiops truncatus)clicks,burst-pulse,and whistle sounds[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2012,131(2):1613-1621.
[3]NIEUKIRK S L,FREGOSI S,MLLINGER D K,et al.A complex baleen whale call recorded in the mariana trench marine national monument[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2016,140(3):EL274-EL279.
[4]MOHL B,WAHLBERG M,MADSEN P T,et al.The Monopulsed Nature of Sperm Whale Clicks[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2003,114(2):1143-1154.
[5]SAMARRA FILIPA I P,DEECKE V B,MILLER P J O.Low-frequency signals produced by northeast atlantic killer whales[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2016,139(3):1194-1157.
[6]ANDRIOLO A,REIS S S,AMORIM T O S,et al.Killer whale(orcinus orca)whistles from the western south atlantic ocean include high frequency signals[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2015,138(3):1696-1701.
[7]AU W W L,CARDER D A,PENNER R H,et al.Demonstration of adaptation in beluga whale echolocation signal[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77(2):726-730.
[8]SUPIN A Y,POPOV V V.Evoked-potential recovery during double click stimulation in a beluga whale:implications for biosonar gain control[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2015,137(5):2512-2521.
[9]BOT O LE,SIMARD Y,ROY N,et al.Whistle source levels of free-ranging beluga whales in saguenay-st.lawrence marine park[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2016,140(1):EL89-EL93.
[10]BRILL R L,PAWLOSKIJ L,HELWEG D A,et al.Target detection,shape discrimination,and signal characteristics of an echolocating false killer whale(pseudorca crassidens)[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1992,92(3):1324-1330.
[11]SUPIN A Y,NACHTIGALL P E,BREESE M.Interaction of emitted sonar pulses and simulagted echoes in a false killer whale:an evoked-potential study[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2011,130(3):1711-1720.
[12]THODE A,WILD L,STRALEY J,et al.using line acceleration to measure false killer whale(pseudorca crassidens)click and whistle source levels during pelagic longline depredation[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2016,140(5):3941-3951.
[13]FREITAG L E,TYACK P L.Passive acoustic localization of the atlantic bottlenose dolphin using whistles and echolocation clicks[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1993,93(4):2197-2205.
[14]牛富强,杨燕明,许肖梅,等.厦门海域中华白海豚定位click信号特性[J].厦门大学学报,2012,51(5):951-954.NIU Fuqiang,YANG Yanming,XU Xiaomei,et al.Study on the characteristics of echolocation clicks from indo-pacific Humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in Xiamen[J].Journal of Xiamen University,2012,51(5):951-954.
[15]牛富强,杨艳明,文洪涛,等.瓶鼻海豚的click声信号特性[J].声学技术,2011,30(2):148-152.NIU Fuqiang,YANG Yanming,WEN Hongtao,et al.Vocalization and signal characteristic of bottlenose dolphin[J].Technical Acoustics,2011,30(2):148-152.
[16]汪启铭,许肖梅,苏冠龙,等.厦门和雷州湾海域中华白海豚click信号的分析与比较[J].厦门大学学报,2014,53(1):104-109.WANG Qiming,XU Xiaomei,SU Guanlong,et al.The Analysis and Comparison of the clicks of Sousa chinensis in Xiamen Sea and Leizhou Bay[J].Journal of Xiamen University,2014,53(1):104-109.
[17]刘维,孙尼,尹力.海豚声纳信号的脉冲分解及特征分析[J].应用声学,2009,28(6):431-438.LIU Wei,SUN Ni,YIN Li.Pulse separation and characteristics analysis of dolphin’s sonar signal[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,28(6):431-438.
[18]薛山花,刘维,陈学亮,等.海豚声信号采集与数据分析[J].声学技术,2008,27(5):398-399.XUE Shanhua,LIU Wei,CHEN Xueliang,et al.Record and analysis on sound of the dophins[J].Technical Acoustics,2008,27(5):398-399.
[19]AU W W L,CARDER D A,PENNER R H,et al.Demonstration of adaptation in beluga whale echolocation signals[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77(2):726-730.
[20]AU W W L,PAWLOSKI J L,NACHTIGALL P E,et al.Echolocation signals and transmission beam pattern of a false killer whale(pseudorca crassidens)[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1995,98(1):51-59.
[21]田坦.声呐技术[M].第2版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2009:22-30.TIAN Tan.Sonar technology[M].2nd Edition.Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2010:22-30.