长沙市空气自动站周边区域大气污染物排放源清单
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摘要
以长沙市空气自动站周边3 km为研究对象,基于统计年鉴和实地调查,获得了该地区2015年储存运输源、废弃物处理源、工艺过程源、化石燃料固定燃烧源、农业源、生物质燃烧源、扬尘源、移动源8个源类的活动水平数据。以大气污染物排放源清单编制技术指南为依据,建立了2015年长沙市空气自动站周边3 km区域NH_3、NO_x、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2、VOCs等6项污染物的源排放清单。结果表明,2015年长沙空气自动站周边3 km内,8类大气污染源排放的NH_3、NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、VOCs总量分别为53.65t、4 899.35t、1 846.09t、6 257.75t、989.49t、4 383.31t。NH_3、NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、VOCs排放量最大的源分别是农业源、移动源、扬尘源、扬尘源、化石燃料固定燃烧源和移动源,贡献率分别为98.45%、84.24%、60.82%、85.90%、97.33%、49.88%。优化道路交通、减少燃煤、减少建筑工地扬尘排放可促进长沙市空气自动站周边空气质量改善。
Taking the 3 km area around automatic air stations in Changsha as the research object, based on the statistical yearbook and field survey, activity level datas for 8 kinds of air pollution sources including storage and transportation source, waste treatment source, process source, fossil fuel fixed combustion source, agricultural source, biomass combustion source, dust source, mobile source were obtained. Based on the compilation guideline of atmospheric pollutants emission inventory, the source emission inventory of 6 kinds of contaminants such as NH_3, NO_x, PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2 and VOCs in the 3 km area around the air automatic stations in Changsha was established. The results showed that the total amount of NH_3, NO_x, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2 and VOCs emitted by 8 kinds of air pollution sources within 3 km around auto station in Changsha in the year of 2015 were respectively 53.65 t, 4 899.35 t, 1 846.09 t, 6 257.75 t, 989.49 t and 4 383.31 t. The largest sources of emissions of NH_3, NO_x, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2 and VOCs were respectively agricultural source, mobile source, dust source, dust source, fossil fuel fixed combustion source and mobile source, with the contribution rates of 98.45%, 84.24%, 60.82%, 85.90%, 97.33% and 49.88%. The air quality around the air automatic stations in Changsha can be improved by optimizing road traffic, reducing coal consumption, and reducing the dust emission in construction sites.
Taking the 3 km area around automatic air stations in Changsha as the research object, based on the statistical yearbook and field survey, activity level datas for 8 kinds of air pollution sources including storage and transportation source, waste treatment source, process source, fossil fuel fixed combustion source, agricultural source, biomass combustion source, dust source, mobile source were obtained. Based on the compilation guideline of atmospheric pollutants emission inventory, the source emission inventory of 6 kinds of contaminants such as NH_3, NO_x, PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2 and VOCs in the 3 km area around the air automatic stations in Changsha was established. The results showed that the total amount of NH_3, NO_x, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2 and VOCs emitted by 8 kinds of air pollution sources within 3 km around auto station in Changsha in the year of 2015 were respectively 53.65 t, 4 899.35 t, 1 846.09 t, 6 257.75 t, 989.49 t and 4 383.31 t. The largest sources of emissions of NH_3, NO_x, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2 and VOCs were respectively agricultural source, mobile source, dust source, dust source, fossil fuel fixed combustion source and mobile source, with the contribution rates of 98.45%, 84.24%, 60.82%, 85.90%, 97.33% and 49.88%. The air quality around the air automatic stations in Changsha can be improved by optimizing road traffic, reducing coal consumption, and reducing the dust emission in construction sites.
引文
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[4]田贺忠,郝吉明,卢永琪,等.中国氮氧化物排放清单及分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(6)493-497.
[5]王丽涛,张强,郝吉明,等.中国大陆CO人为源排放清单[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1580-1585.
[6]XU P,KOLOUTSOU V,SOTIRIA R,et al.Projection of NH3emissions from manure generated by livestock production in China to 2030 under six mitigation scenarios[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,607:78-86.
[7]WEI W,WANG S X,CHATANI S,et al.Emission and speciation of non-methane volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(20):4976-4988.
[8]ZHAO B,WANG S X,WANG J D,et al.Impact of national NOx and SO2 control policies on particulate matter pollution in China[J].Atmospheric Environment.,2013,77:453-463.
[9]FU X,WANG S X,RAN L,et al.Estimating NH3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(12):6637-6649.
[10]刘湛,李贝睿,尤翔宇,等.长株潭区域生物质开放燃烧的大气污染物排放清单及不确定性分析[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(1):23-29.
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[12]谈佳妮,余琦,马蔚纯,等.小尺度精细化大气污染源排放清单的建立:以上海宝山区为例[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1099-1108.
[13]张骥,徐媛,刘茂辉,等.天津津南区大气污染物小尺度精细化源清单[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(8):210-215.
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[16]湖南省统计局.2016湖南农村统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[17]中国机械工业年鉴.2016中国工程机械工业年鉴[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016.
[18]中国交通年鉴.2016中国交通年鉴[M].北京:交通出版社,2016.
[19]王书肖,邱雄辉,张强,等.我国人为源大气污染物排放清单编制技术进展及展望[J].环境保护.2017,21(45):21-26.
[20]杨静.珠江三角洲2012年大气排放源清单建立与时空分配改进研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[21]尤翔宇,刘湛,张青梅,等.长株潭地区人为源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):94-101.
[22]沈兴玲,尹沙沙,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源氨排放清单及减排潜力研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(1):43-53.
[23]邹本东,徐子优,华蕾,等.因子分析法解析北京市大气颗粒物PM10的来源[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(2):79-85.
[24]徐谦,李令军,赵文慧,等.北京市建筑施工裸地的空间分布及扬尘效应[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(5):78-85.