心理应激训练在高性能战斗机飞行员中的应用分析
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摘要
目的通过研究心理应激训练系统在高性能战斗机飞行员中的应用,探讨高性能战斗机飞行员心理应激训练中平均心率(heart rate,HR)及心率变异性等生理指标的特异性,使飞行员提升对高强度刺激的感受阈值,增强应激反应耐受力。方法选取2016年1月—12月来空军特色医学中心(原空军航空医学研究所附属医院)参加航空医学训练的高性能战斗机飞行员124人,采用心理应激训练系统进行训练并检测,检测出高性能战斗机飞行员平均HR、心率变异性等生理指标变化情况;分析心理应激训练过程中基线期与应激期生理指标的差异性;比较不同年龄的飞行员平均HR、心率变异性的特异性。结果高性能战斗机飞行员的平均HR、心率变异性在心理应激训练中均在常模范围内;飞行员在应激期的平均HR、标准化低频成分(low frequency normalized unit,LFnu)、低频与高频比(low frequency/high frequency,LF/HF)均高于基线期,所有正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)显著降低(P<0.01);≥30岁组飞行员在平均HR、SDNN、相邻R-R间期差值>50 ms的数目占全部R-R间期的百分比(PNN50)显著低于<30岁组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理应激训练真实有效地反映了高性能战斗机飞行员在应激环境下平均心率及心率变异性的变化特性,可作为评估飞行员应激状态下生理变化的客观依据,是提升飞行员抗应激能力的有效措施。
Objective To improve high-performance fighter pilots' perceptions of the high strength stimulus threshold and enhance their stress tolerance by studying the specificities of such physiological indexes as the average heart rate and heart rate variability of pilots during psychological stress training. Methods One hundred and twenty-four highperformance fighter pilots who were undergoing aviation medicine training in our institute between January and December2016 were selected. The psychological stress training system was used. Changes of physiological indexes, including the average heart rate and heart rate variability, were detected. The difference of physiological indicators at baseline and during stress was analyzed. The specificities of the average heart rate and heart rate variability were compared between pilots of different age. Results The average heart rate and heart rate variability of the high-performance fighter pilots were in the normal range during psychological stress training. The average heart rate, LFnu and LF/HF of the pilots under stress were all higher than baseline levels, especially SDNN(P<0.01). The average heart rate and heart rate variability(RMSSD, PNN50) of pilots aged 30 or above were significantly lower than those of pilots under 30(P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological stress training can well reflect the patterns of change of the average heart rate and heart rate variability among high-performance fighter pilots under stress, which can be used for evaluating pilots' physiological changes under stress and for promoting pilots' anti-stress ability.
Objective To improve high-performance fighter pilots' perceptions of the high strength stimulus threshold and enhance their stress tolerance by studying the specificities of such physiological indexes as the average heart rate and heart rate variability of pilots during psychological stress training. Methods One hundred and twenty-four highperformance fighter pilots who were undergoing aviation medicine training in our institute between January and December2016 were selected. The psychological stress training system was used. Changes of physiological indexes, including the average heart rate and heart rate variability, were detected. The difference of physiological indicators at baseline and during stress was analyzed. The specificities of the average heart rate and heart rate variability were compared between pilots of different age. Results The average heart rate and heart rate variability of the high-performance fighter pilots were in the normal range during psychological stress training. The average heart rate, LFnu and LF/HF of the pilots under stress were all higher than baseline levels, especially SDNN(P<0.01). The average heart rate and heart rate variability(RMSSD, PNN50) of pilots aged 30 or above were significantly lower than those of pilots under 30(P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological stress training can well reflect the patterns of change of the average heart rate and heart rate variability among high-performance fighter pilots under stress, which can be used for evaluating pilots' physiological changes under stress and for promoting pilots' anti-stress ability.
引文
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[2]晏碧华,杨仕云,游旭群.飞行员心理健康现状、影响因素及保健措施[J].中国民航飞行学院学报,2012,23(1):5-10.
[3]柴文丽,赵璧,吴思英,等.军事飞行员工作应激现状及对亚健康影响[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(8):1 133-1 136.
[4]祝筱姬,胡德忠,褚海波.飞行应激对飞行员生理和心理的影响[J].航空航天医学杂志,2011,22(12):1 447-1 449.
[5]朱晓全.飞行人员医疗康复理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:527-529.
[6]郭华,周亚军,郭壁砖,等.高性能战斗机飞行员特技飞行时心率及心率变异性分析[J].中华航空航天医学杂志,2012,23(3):170-173.
[7]陈良恩,安瑞卿,景百胜,等.空降兵跳伞心理应激对心率变异性的影响[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2010,28(3):160-162.
[8]李鸣皋,张佳丽,蒙果,等.不同模拟飞行训练科目飞行员心率和心率变异性的变化[J].航天医学与医学工程,2013,26(2):96-99.
[9]Marshall GD Jr.The adverse effects of psychological stress on immunoregulatory bala nce:Applications to human inflammatory diseases[J].Immunol Allergy Clin North Am,2011,31(1):133-140.
[10]张慧,沈俊,姚永杰,等.外军舰载机飞行员特殊体格选拔[J].空军医学杂志,2012,28(1):58-59.
[11]杨柳,宋华淼,张宜爽,等.漂浮放松反馈训练太空舱在军事飞行人员心理应激防护中的应用效果[J].空军医学杂志,2015,31(1):5-8.