空间差分干涉的光纤分布式水下声波测量
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摘要
为了实现大范围的水下微弱声波探测,提出了一种基于后向瑞利散射空间差分干涉的光纤分布式声波检测(DAS)技术。声波振动引起单模传感光纤中后向瑞利散射光的变化,将含有声波信息的后向瑞利散射光注入到非平衡迈克尔逊干涉仪,调节干涉仪的臂长差实现不同长度的相邻空间段的后向瑞利散射光干涉,然后采用3×3耦合器解调技术解调出相位信息,实现声波信号的测量。实验搭建了一套基于DAS技术的水下声波测量系统,该系统不仅能够实时准确定位两个声波位置,还能还原声波的幅值、频率、相位等信息,并且实现了1kHz情况下的-148.8dB(re rad/μPa)水下声压相位灵敏度,100~1 500Hz频率的频响平坦度在1.2dB之内。实验结果证实DAS技术能够实时快速地实现多个声波信息的定量测量。
To detect weak underwater acoustic signal over large areas,an optical Distributed Acoustic Sensing(DAS)scheme based on space difference of Rayleigh backscattering was presented.In this scheme,Rayleigh backscattered light with phase changes induced by the acoustic signal along a singlemode sensing fiber was split and fed into an imbalanced Michelson interferometer.Adjusting the path difference of the imbalanced Michelson interferometer,the Rayleigh backscattered light interference of different lengths of adjacent space segments along the sensing fiber was realized.Subsequently,the phase information including the acoustic signal was demodulated by the 3×3 coupler demodulation technology.An underwater acoustic wave measuring system based on DAS was implemented,which can not only locate the two acoustic positions accurately in real time,but also restore the amplitude,frequency and phase of sound waves.In addition,the acoustic phase sensitivity is-148.8dB(re rad/μPa)at 1kHz,and the frequency response flatness at frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 1 500 Hz is within 1.2dB.The experimental results confirm that the novelΦ-OTDR technology can enable quantitative measurements of multiple acoustic information in real time.
To detect weak underwater acoustic signal over large areas,an optical Distributed Acoustic Sensing(DAS)scheme based on space difference of Rayleigh backscattering was presented.In this scheme,Rayleigh backscattered light with phase changes induced by the acoustic signal along a singlemode sensing fiber was split and fed into an imbalanced Michelson interferometer.Adjusting the path difference of the imbalanced Michelson interferometer,the Rayleigh backscattered light interference of different lengths of adjacent space segments along the sensing fiber was realized.Subsequently,the phase information including the acoustic signal was demodulated by the 3×3 coupler demodulation technology.An underwater acoustic wave measuring system based on DAS was implemented,which can not only locate the two acoustic positions accurately in real time,but also restore the amplitude,frequency and phase of sound waves.In addition,the acoustic phase sensitivity is-148.8dB(re rad/μPa)at 1kHz,and the frequency response flatness at frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 1 500 Hz is within 1.2dB.The experimental results confirm that the novelΦ-OTDR technology can enable quantitative measurements of multiple acoustic information in real time.
引文
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[20]曾周末,刘芳,封皓,等.基于3×3耦合器的双马赫-曾德尔干涉仪数字化相位解调[J].光学精密工程,2014,22(6):1410-1417.ZENG ZH M,LIU F,FENG H,et al..Digitalized demodulation based on 3×3coupler for dual MachZehnder fiber interferometer[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2014,22(6):1410-1417.(in Chinese)
[2]唐波,黄俊斌,顾宏灿.光纤光栅水听器探头封装技术研究进展[J].光通讯技术,2017(1):45-48.TANG B,HUANG J B,GU H C.Research progress of fiber grating hydrophone probe encapsulation technology[J].Optical Communication Technology,2017(1):45-48.(in Chinese)
[3]赛耀樟,姜明顺,隋青美,等.基于光纤光栅阵列和MVDR算法的声发射定位[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(11):3012-3017.SAI Y ZH,JIANG M SH,SUI Q M,et al..Acoustic emission location based on FBG array and MVDR algorithm[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2015,23(11):3012-3017.(in Chinese)
[4]VILLALBA S,CASAS J R.Application of optical fiber distributed sensing to health monitoring of concrete structures[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2013,39(1-2):441-451.
[5]曹玉龙,杨飞,徐丹,等.基于3×3迈克耳孙干涉仪的分布式光纤振动传感器[J].中国激光,2016,43(10):1010001.CAO Y L,YANG F,XU D,et al..Disturbed fiber vibration sensor based on 3×3 Michelson interferometer[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(10):1010001.(in Chinese)
[6]WEI P,SHAN X K,SUN X H.Frequency response of distributed fiber-optic vibration sensor based on nonbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2013,19(1):47-51.
[7]WADA K,NARUI H,YAMAMOTO D,et al..Balanced polarization maintaining fiber Sagnac interferometer vibration sensor[J].Optics Express,2011,19(22):21467-21474.
[8]RUSSELL S J,BRADY K R C,DAKIN J P.Realtime location of multiple time-varying strain disturbances,acting over a 40-km fiber section,using a novel dual-Sagnac interferometer[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2001,19(2):205-213.
[9]KONDRAT M,SZUSTAKOWSKI M,PALKA N,et al..A Sagnac-Michelson fibre optic interferometer:signal processing for disturbance localization[J].Opto-Electronics Review,2007,15(3):127-132.
[10]BAO X Y,CHEN L.Recent progress in distributed fiber optic sensors[J].Sensors,2012,12(7):8601-8639.
[11]ZHANG C X,ZHONG X,LI L J,et al..Longdistance intrusion sensor based on phase sensitivity optical time domain reflectometry[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2015,44(2):742-746.
[12]DING X X,ZHANG X,WANG H B,et al..Influences of modulation frequency on dynamic performance of vibration sensor based onΦ-OTDR[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2015,44(1):210-214.
[13]HUI X N,ZHENG S L,ZHOU J H,et al..Electro-optic modulator feedback control in phasesensitive optical time-domain reflectometer distributed sensor[J].Applied Optics,2013,52(35):8581-8585.
[14]PENG F,WU H,JIA X H,et al..Ultra-long high-sensitivityΦ-OTDR for high spatial resolution intrusion detection of pipelines[J].Optics Express,2014,22(11):13804-13810.
[15]KOYAMADA Y,IMAHAMA M,KUBOTA K,et al..Fiber-optic distributed strain and temperature sensing with very high measurand resolution over long range using coherent OTDR[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2009,27(9):1142-1146.
[16]NAKAZAWA M.Rayleigh backscattering theory for single-mode optical fibers[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,1983,73(9):1175-1180.
[17]JUSKAITIS R,MAMEDOV A M,POTAPOV V T,et al..Interferometry with Rayleigh backscattering in a single-mode optical fiber[J].Optics Letters,1994,19(3):225-227.
[18]SHANG Y,YANG Y H,WANG C,et al..Optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing based on the self-interference of Rayleigh backscattering[J].Measurement,2016,79:222-227.
[19]SHANG Y,YANG Y H,WANG C,et al..Study on demodulated signal distribution and acoustic pressure phase sensitivity of a self-interfered distributed acoustic sensing system[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2016,27(6):065201.
[20]曾周末,刘芳,封皓,等.基于3×3耦合器的双马赫-曾德尔干涉仪数字化相位解调[J].光学精密工程,2014,22(6):1410-1417.ZENG ZH M,LIU F,FENG H,et al..Digitalized demodulation based on 3×3coupler for dual MachZehnder fiber interferometer[J].Opt.Precision Eng.,2014,22(6):1410-1417.(in Chinese)