基于跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的行政管理优化
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摘要
跨省界地区是中国精准扶贫的重点地区,也是区域治理的难点地区。依据《中华人民共和国省级行政区域界线详图集》等资料,本文构建了全国跨省界自然地理实体地名数据库,从数量特征、空间差异性和空间自相关三个方面探讨了中国跨省界自然地理实体地名的空间分布格局及其影响因素,分析了由行政分割所引起的跨省界自然地理实体管理问题及其影响,并提出相应的建议。数据库共包括11325个跨省界自然地理实体地名,其中水系类地名4243个,陆地地形类地名7082个。湖南省和上海市分别是地名最多和最少的省级行政区。跨省界自然地理实体地名在中国南方地区呈现明显的聚集现象,而且水系类地名比陆地地形类地名的空间分布更趋随机。区域地形条件和人口规模是影响跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的重要因素,在相对高差介于1000～2000 m之间、人口数量介于4000～5000万之间的省份,跨省界自然地理实体地名的数量最多。行政分割造成了跨省界自然地理实体发展的不平衡,主要表现为区域发展目标、管理模式和发展时序等方面的差异。建议政府建立统一规范的跨省界自然地理实体管理机制,建立中央直属的行政管理机构对跨省界自然地理实体进行统一管理,加强跨省协作区联合统筹、建立以跨界自然地理实体为单元的申报机制。
The interprovincial geographical entities are the key areas of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and the regional integrated management. Based on the geographical names dictionary, the thematic maps and the atlas of provincial administrative boundaries of China,we established a database of interprovincial physical geographical names(ITPGN) and analyzed the spatial pattern of the ITPGN from the aspects of numerical features, spatial variance and spatial association. The problems and the impacts of the separate management of the interprovincial geographical entities were further discussed and four suggestions were offered accordingly. There were 11325 ITPGN including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN in China. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names, and Shanghai had the smallest number. In addition, the spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. Regional terrain and population were important factors influencing the spatial patterns of ITPGN. The largest number of ITPGN was found in areas where the relative elevation was between 1000-2000 meters, and where the population was between 40-50 million. The separate management led to apparent differences in the development goals,development patterns, and management modes in the different parts of the same interprovincial physical geographical entities. These problems would reduce the efficiency of resources utilization, affect the integrity of natural reserves, hinder the cultural exchange and intensify socioeconomic differences among different parts. It was suggested that the government should explore unified management mechanism for interprovincial physical geographical entities,establish special organizations directly under the central government to manage the interprovincial entities, build up interprovincial cooperation zones to realize coordinated development of the interprovincial areas, and take the interprovincial physical geographical entities as unified units for the application of national parks or other protected areas.
The interprovincial geographical entities are the key areas of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and the regional integrated management. Based on the geographical names dictionary, the thematic maps and the atlas of provincial administrative boundaries of China,we established a database of interprovincial physical geographical names(ITPGN) and analyzed the spatial pattern of the ITPGN from the aspects of numerical features, spatial variance and spatial association. The problems and the impacts of the separate management of the interprovincial geographical entities were further discussed and four suggestions were offered accordingly. There were 11325 ITPGN including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN in China. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names, and Shanghai had the smallest number. In addition, the spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. Regional terrain and population were important factors influencing the spatial patterns of ITPGN. The largest number of ITPGN was found in areas where the relative elevation was between 1000-2000 meters, and where the population was between 40-50 million. The separate management led to apparent differences in the development goals,development patterns, and management modes in the different parts of the same interprovincial physical geographical entities. These problems would reduce the efficiency of resources utilization, affect the integrity of natural reserves, hinder the cultural exchange and intensify socioeconomic differences among different parts. It was suggested that the government should explore unified management mechanism for interprovincial physical geographical entities,establish special organizations directly under the central government to manage the interprovincial entities, build up interprovincial cooperation zones to realize coordinated development of the interprovincial areas, and take the interprovincial physical geographical entities as unified units for the application of national parks or other protected areas.
引文
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[3]Ren Jianlan,Gong Ping.A brief analysis of place name's regionalism.World Regional Studies,2011,20(3):163-170.[任建兰,公平.浅析地名的地域性.世界地理研究,2011,20(3):163-170.]
[4]Gelling M.Signposts to the Past:Place-names and the History of England.London:Dent,1978.
[5]Berry H H,Rocher C J V,Paxton M,et al.Origin and meaning of place names in the Etosha National Park,Namibia.Madoqua,1997,20(1):13-35
[6]Read W A,Wickman P R.Florida Place-names of Indian Origin and Seminole Personal Names.The University of Alabama Press,2003.
[7]Mutschmann H.The Place-names of Nottinghamshire:Their Origin and Development.Cambridge University Press,2012.
[8]Xiong Shumei.The research on the origin and evolution of geographical names in China.Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Natural Science Edition),1980(4):59-65.[熊树梅.中国地名的起源和演变简论.辽宁师院学报(自然科学版),1980(4):59-65.]
[9]Li Chuanyong.The origin and evolution of Chinese geographical names.Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Science Edition),1993(1):101-105.[李传永.我国地名的起源和演变.西华师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,1993(1):101-105.]
[10]Niu Ruji.The research on the characteristics,types and theme of the legend about Xinjiang place names.Northwestern Journal of Ethnology,1993(1):209-215.[牛汝极.论新疆地名传说的特点,类型和主题.西北民族研究,1993(1):209-215.]
[11]Cohen S B,Kliot N.Place-names in Israel's ideological struggle over the administered territories.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1992,82(4):653-680.
[12]Ke?ler C,MauéP,Heuer J T,et al.Bottom-up gazetteers:Learning from the implicit semantics of geotags//International Conference on GeoSpatial Sematics.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2009:83-102.
[13]Leidner J L,Lieberman M D.Detecting geographical references in the form of place names and associated spatial natural language.SIGSPATIAL Special,2011,3(2):5-11.
[14]Stewart G R.A classification of place names.Names,1954,2(1):1-13.
[15]Viswanathan P,Southey T,Little J,et al.Place classification using visual object categorization and global information//Computer and Robot Vision(CRV),2011 Canadian Conference on IEEE,2011:1-7.
[16]Zhan Chijia.The classification of the origins of residential place names:Taking towns in Maoming for example.Journal of Hunan Ecology Science,2014,1(1):43-47.[战赤嘉.居民点地名起源分类法:以茂名市各个镇为例.湖南生态科学学报,2014,1(1):43-47.]
[17]Wang Jitong.The norm for the generic terms of Chinese geographical names.China Place Name,2002(3):23.[王际桐.中国汉语地名通名的规范.中国地名,2002(3):23.]
[18]Fu Hongjun,Yu Rui.Transcription through transliteration and translation principle of geographical names in Xinjiang.Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy,Humanities&Social Science),2015,43(5):152-156.[付鸿军,虞锐.新疆地名的音译转写及英译规范.新疆大学学报(哲学.人文社会科学版),2015,43(5):152-156.]
[19]Sun Donghu.Development and geographical distribution of the colony of town names in the North China Plain.Geographical Research,1990,9(3):49-56.[孙冬虎.华北平原城镇地名群的发展及其地理分布特征.地理研究,1990,9(3):49-56.]
[20]Lin Lunlun.The distribution and phonological features of Min dialect in Guangdong province.Shantou University Journal(Humanities Quarterly),1992,8(2):54-58.[林伦伦.广东闽方言的分布及语音特征.汕头大学学报,1992,8(2):54-58.]
[21]Brown P.Up,down,and across the land:Landscape terms,place names,and spatial language in Tzeltal.Language Sciences,2008,30(2):151-181.
[22]Leidner J L.Toponymy Resolution in Text:Annotation,Evaluation and Applications of Spatial Grounding of Place Names.Irvine:Universal-Publishers,2008.
[23]Wang F,Wang G,Hartmann J,et al.Signification of Zhuang place names in Guangxi,China:A GIS-based spatial analysis approach.Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2012,37(2):317-333.
[24]Chen Chen,Xiu Chunliang,Chen Wei,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of place-name landscape based on GISapproach in Beijing and its reasons for the formation.Sinica Geographica Sinica,2014,34(4):420-429.[陈晨,修春亮,陈伟,等.基于GIS的北京地名文化景观空间分布特征及其成因.地理科学,2014,34(4):420-429.]
[25]Sun Baisheng,Guo Cuien,Yang Yitian,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of rural place-name cultural landscape based on GIS approach in Chengde.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(2):244-251.[孙百生,郭翠恩,杨依天,等.基于GIS的承德乡村地名文化景观空间分布特征.地理科学,2017,37(2):244-251.]
[26]Jett S C.Place-naming,environment,and perception among the Canyon de Chelly Navajo of Arizona.The Professional Geographer,1997,49(4):481-493.
[27]Horsman S.The politics of toponyms in the Pamir mountains.Area,2006,38(3):279-291.
[28]Huang Quansheng,Yang Guanghua.The place name of immigration in Sichuan and Huguang people migrate into Sichuan.Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition),2005,31(3):111-118.[黄权生,杨光华.四川移民地名与“湖广填四川”:四川移民地名空间分布和移民的省籍比例探讨.西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,31(3):111-118.]
[29]Wang Rongjia.A study of regional names on the cultural perspective of Hebei toponomy[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2012:67.[王荣加.文化视角下的河北地名浅析[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2012:67.]
[30]An Guo.The research on the nomination and rename of Chinese ancient place names and the economic and cultural implication.Global City Geography,2016(4):253-254.[安国.中国古代地名命名与更名研究及其经济和文化意义.城市地理,2016(4):253-254.]
[31]Lu H,Zhang J.An analysis of tourism value and development of geographical names.Business Economy,2009,21:46.
[32]Knight R L,Peter L.Stewardship across Boundaries.Washington D.C.:Island Press,2013,295-299.
[33]Kingsford R T,Boulton A J,Puckridge J T.Challenges in managing dryland rivers crossing political boundaries:Lessons from Cooper Creek and the Paroo River,Central Australia.Aquatic Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,1998,8(3):361-378.
[34]Teye V B.Prospects for regional tourism cooperation in Africa.Tourism Management,1988,9(3):221-234.
[35]Chubb M.Tourism patterns and determinants in the Great Lakes Region:Populations,resources,roads,and perceptions.GeoJournal,1989,19(3):297-302.
[36]Timothy D J.Cross-border partnership in tourism resource management:International parks along the US-Canada border.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,1999,7(3/4):182-205.
[37]Altbach P G.Higher education crosses borders:Can the United States remain the top destination for foreign students?Change:The Magazine of Higher Learning,2004,36(2):18-25.
[38]Chapman D W,William K C,Gerard A P.Crossing Borders in East Asian Higher Education.Springer Science&Business Media,2010:265-283.
[39]Tian Miao.Research on the economic cooperation and synergetic development in Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi provincial trans-border region of Pearl River Watershed[D].Kunming:Yunnan Normal University,2006:52-56.[田苗.珠江流域滇黔桂三省交界地区跨边界经济合作及协同发展研究[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2006:52-56.]
[40]Wang Qi.Cross-border research on the tourism cooperation of Golden Triangle Area in Shanxi,Shaanxi and Henan provinces[D].Dalian:Liaoning Normal University,2011:25-40.[王琦.晋陕豫黄河金三角跨界旅游合作研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2011:25-40.]
[41]Luo Jinji.Research on cross-border coordination and integration of the Greater Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2012:15-34.[罗金济.跨界协调与大珠三角城市群一体化研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2012:15-34.]
[42]Tao Xidong.Trans-provincial regional governance:New idea on economic conformity for trans-province metropolitan circle of China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005,25(5):19-26.[陶希东.跨省区域治理:中国跨省都市圈经济整合的新思路.地理科学,2005,25(5):19-26.]
[43]Lovie P.Coefficient of variation.Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science,2005,1:317-318.
[44]Moran P A.The interpretation of statistical maps.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.Series B(Methodological),1948,10(2):243-251.
[45]Anselin L.The Moran Scatterplot as an ESDA Tool to Assess Local Instability in Spatial Association.Morgantown,WV:Regional Research Institute,West Virginia University,1993:111-125.
[46]Zhan Chijia.Relationship between place names in Maoming and terrain.Tropical Geography,2015,35(3):437-442.[战赤嘉.茂名市地名与地形关系.热带地理,2015,35(3):437-442.]
[2]Wang Jitong.Introduction to Toponymy.Beijing:China Social Press,1993:9-59.[王际桐.地名学概论.北京:中国社会出版社,1993:9-59.]
[3]Ren Jianlan,Gong Ping.A brief analysis of place name's regionalism.World Regional Studies,2011,20(3):163-170.[任建兰,公平.浅析地名的地域性.世界地理研究,2011,20(3):163-170.]
[4]Gelling M.Signposts to the Past:Place-names and the History of England.London:Dent,1978.
[5]Berry H H,Rocher C J V,Paxton M,et al.Origin and meaning of place names in the Etosha National Park,Namibia.Madoqua,1997,20(1):13-35
[6]Read W A,Wickman P R.Florida Place-names of Indian Origin and Seminole Personal Names.The University of Alabama Press,2003.
[7]Mutschmann H.The Place-names of Nottinghamshire:Their Origin and Development.Cambridge University Press,2012.
[8]Xiong Shumei.The research on the origin and evolution of geographical names in China.Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Natural Science Edition),1980(4):59-65.[熊树梅.中国地名的起源和演变简论.辽宁师院学报(自然科学版),1980(4):59-65.]
[9]Li Chuanyong.The origin and evolution of Chinese geographical names.Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Science Edition),1993(1):101-105.[李传永.我国地名的起源和演变.西华师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版,1993(1):101-105.]
[10]Niu Ruji.The research on the characteristics,types and theme of the legend about Xinjiang place names.Northwestern Journal of Ethnology,1993(1):209-215.[牛汝极.论新疆地名传说的特点,类型和主题.西北民族研究,1993(1):209-215.]
[11]Cohen S B,Kliot N.Place-names in Israel's ideological struggle over the administered territories.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1992,82(4):653-680.
[12]Ke?ler C,MauéP,Heuer J T,et al.Bottom-up gazetteers:Learning from the implicit semantics of geotags//International Conference on GeoSpatial Sematics.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2009:83-102.
[13]Leidner J L,Lieberman M D.Detecting geographical references in the form of place names and associated spatial natural language.SIGSPATIAL Special,2011,3(2):5-11.
[14]Stewart G R.A classification of place names.Names,1954,2(1):1-13.
[15]Viswanathan P,Southey T,Little J,et al.Place classification using visual object categorization and global information//Computer and Robot Vision(CRV),2011 Canadian Conference on IEEE,2011:1-7.
[16]Zhan Chijia.The classification of the origins of residential place names:Taking towns in Maoming for example.Journal of Hunan Ecology Science,2014,1(1):43-47.[战赤嘉.居民点地名起源分类法:以茂名市各个镇为例.湖南生态科学学报,2014,1(1):43-47.]
[17]Wang Jitong.The norm for the generic terms of Chinese geographical names.China Place Name,2002(3):23.[王际桐.中国汉语地名通名的规范.中国地名,2002(3):23.]
[18]Fu Hongjun,Yu Rui.Transcription through transliteration and translation principle of geographical names in Xinjiang.Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy,Humanities&Social Science),2015,43(5):152-156.[付鸿军,虞锐.新疆地名的音译转写及英译规范.新疆大学学报(哲学.人文社会科学版),2015,43(5):152-156.]
[19]Sun Donghu.Development and geographical distribution of the colony of town names in the North China Plain.Geographical Research,1990,9(3):49-56.[孙冬虎.华北平原城镇地名群的发展及其地理分布特征.地理研究,1990,9(3):49-56.]
[20]Lin Lunlun.The distribution and phonological features of Min dialect in Guangdong province.Shantou University Journal(Humanities Quarterly),1992,8(2):54-58.[林伦伦.广东闽方言的分布及语音特征.汕头大学学报,1992,8(2):54-58.]
[21]Brown P.Up,down,and across the land:Landscape terms,place names,and spatial language in Tzeltal.Language Sciences,2008,30(2):151-181.
[22]Leidner J L.Toponymy Resolution in Text:Annotation,Evaluation and Applications of Spatial Grounding of Place Names.Irvine:Universal-Publishers,2008.
[23]Wang F,Wang G,Hartmann J,et al.Signification of Zhuang place names in Guangxi,China:A GIS-based spatial analysis approach.Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2012,37(2):317-333.
[24]Chen Chen,Xiu Chunliang,Chen Wei,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of place-name landscape based on GISapproach in Beijing and its reasons for the formation.Sinica Geographica Sinica,2014,34(4):420-429.[陈晨,修春亮,陈伟,等.基于GIS的北京地名文化景观空间分布特征及其成因.地理科学,2014,34(4):420-429.]
[25]Sun Baisheng,Guo Cuien,Yang Yitian,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of rural place-name cultural landscape based on GIS approach in Chengde.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(2):244-251.[孙百生,郭翠恩,杨依天,等.基于GIS的承德乡村地名文化景观空间分布特征.地理科学,2017,37(2):244-251.]
[26]Jett S C.Place-naming,environment,and perception among the Canyon de Chelly Navajo of Arizona.The Professional Geographer,1997,49(4):481-493.
[27]Horsman S.The politics of toponyms in the Pamir mountains.Area,2006,38(3):279-291.
[28]Huang Quansheng,Yang Guanghua.The place name of immigration in Sichuan and Huguang people migrate into Sichuan.Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition),2005,31(3):111-118.[黄权生,杨光华.四川移民地名与“湖广填四川”:四川移民地名空间分布和移民的省籍比例探讨.西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,31(3):111-118.]
[29]Wang Rongjia.A study of regional names on the cultural perspective of Hebei toponomy[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2012:67.[王荣加.文化视角下的河北地名浅析[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2012:67.]
[30]An Guo.The research on the nomination and rename of Chinese ancient place names and the economic and cultural implication.Global City Geography,2016(4):253-254.[安国.中国古代地名命名与更名研究及其经济和文化意义.城市地理,2016(4):253-254.]
[31]Lu H,Zhang J.An analysis of tourism value and development of geographical names.Business Economy,2009,21:46.
[32]Knight R L,Peter L.Stewardship across Boundaries.Washington D.C.:Island Press,2013,295-299.
[33]Kingsford R T,Boulton A J,Puckridge J T.Challenges in managing dryland rivers crossing political boundaries:Lessons from Cooper Creek and the Paroo River,Central Australia.Aquatic Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,1998,8(3):361-378.
[34]Teye V B.Prospects for regional tourism cooperation in Africa.Tourism Management,1988,9(3):221-234.
[35]Chubb M.Tourism patterns and determinants in the Great Lakes Region:Populations,resources,roads,and perceptions.GeoJournal,1989,19(3):297-302.
[36]Timothy D J.Cross-border partnership in tourism resource management:International parks along the US-Canada border.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,1999,7(3/4):182-205.
[37]Altbach P G.Higher education crosses borders:Can the United States remain the top destination for foreign students?Change:The Magazine of Higher Learning,2004,36(2):18-25.
[38]Chapman D W,William K C,Gerard A P.Crossing Borders in East Asian Higher Education.Springer Science&Business Media,2010:265-283.
[39]Tian Miao.Research on the economic cooperation and synergetic development in Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi provincial trans-border region of Pearl River Watershed[D].Kunming:Yunnan Normal University,2006:52-56.[田苗.珠江流域滇黔桂三省交界地区跨边界经济合作及协同发展研究[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2006:52-56.]
[40]Wang Qi.Cross-border research on the tourism cooperation of Golden Triangle Area in Shanxi,Shaanxi and Henan provinces[D].Dalian:Liaoning Normal University,2011:25-40.[王琦.晋陕豫黄河金三角跨界旅游合作研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2011:25-40.]
[41]Luo Jinji.Research on cross-border coordination and integration of the Greater Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2012:15-34.[罗金济.跨界协调与大珠三角城市群一体化研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2012:15-34.]
[42]Tao Xidong.Trans-provincial regional governance:New idea on economic conformity for trans-province metropolitan circle of China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005,25(5):19-26.[陶希东.跨省区域治理:中国跨省都市圈经济整合的新思路.地理科学,2005,25(5):19-26.]
[43]Lovie P.Coefficient of variation.Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science,2005,1:317-318.
[44]Moran P A.The interpretation of statistical maps.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.Series B(Methodological),1948,10(2):243-251.
[45]Anselin L.The Moran Scatterplot as an ESDA Tool to Assess Local Instability in Spatial Association.Morgantown,WV:Regional Research Institute,West Virginia University,1993:111-125.
[46]Zhan Chijia.Relationship between place names in Maoming and terrain.Tropical Geography,2015,35(3):437-442.[战赤嘉.茂名市地名与地形关系.热带地理,2015,35(3):437-442.]
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